First published in 1995. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.

Beginning by outlining the national curriculum for design and technology, Aspects of Teaching Secondary Design and Technology goes on to look at what design and technology is in the primary school, at examination level and post-16. Vocational qualifications relevant to design and technology are also discussed. There are chapters looking at the relationship between design and technology and the wider social and cultural context. The development of cross-curricular skills and value judgements are discussed as are sustainability and the role of the community in the teaching and learning of design and technology. Together, these articles comprise a sound guide to good classroom practice, related to the requirements of the curriculum, and rooted in the professional perspectives of experienced teachers.

This book is one of a set of eight innovative yet practical resource books for teachers, focussing on the classroom and covering vital skills for primary and secondary teachers. The books are strongly influenced by the findings of numerous research projects during which hundreds of teachers were observed at work. The first editions of the series were best sellers, and these revised second editions will be equally welcomed by teachers eager to improve their teaching skills. Ted Wragg and George Brown show what explanation is and what it aims to do. The book explores the various strategies open to teachers and, through a combination of activities and discussion points, helps them to build up a repertoire of ideas, approaches and techniques which are suitable for various situations, as well as evaluate the effectiveness of their explanations in the classroom. Along the way it covers such issues as: *the use of an appropriate language register *the place of analogies *building on children's questions *coping strategies for effective explanation The ability to explain something clearly is a skill which effective teachers use every day. Explanation is the foundation on which the success or failure of a great deal of other forms of teaching can rest. Well done, it saves time and provides motivation. Badly done, it produces uncertainty, or even puts children off their studies.

This work offers a study of the second largest ethnic groups in Afghanistan: the Hazaras. Largely Shi'ia by religion and Farsi-speaking, they traditionally inhabited Central Afghanistan, although were scattered across the country and into neighbouring countries as a result of the war. The Hazaras have recently become into a more influential position within the country's social fabric because its tribally-based pyramidal structure has been disrupted. As well as studying this group, this book also confronts the subject of an Afghan sense of national identity, a concept crucial to the resolution of Afghanistan's crises.

Covering a range of subjects in the major western languages, this bibliography examines 165 periodicals. The articles are classified under 38 subject headings, and touch on such disciplines as biblical and liturgical studies, patristics, church history, Byzantine and Middle Eastern studies.

First published in the 1970s, this work offers an interpretation of the essence of Japanese society and individual psychology. It explores the mind and soul of the Japanese, and points to the hidden laws of Japanese life which have created the character of the country.

There is a perceived North-South divide in British politics. In this study, William Field points out that this divide marks the resurgence of a core-periphery cleavage which was also dominant in British politics in the years before 1914. He shows how similar the geographical pattern of the vote was in the general election of 1989 to that in the two general elections of 1910, the last before the outbreak of World War I. Many of the same constitution issues - devolution and reform of the second chamber were coming to the fore then.

This new Companion brings together, in one single volume, all the essential facts and figures relating to European decolonisation in the twentieth century. Professor Chamberlain has taken each European empire in turn (the British, French, Dutch, Portuguese, Spanish, Belgian and Italian) and for each one she has provided a detailed chronology of the process of decolonisation in the individual states.

'Does the evidence reflect the reality under investigation?' This is just one of the important questions Marten Shipman asks in the fourth edition of his highly successful book, The Limitations of Social Research. Substantially revised and up-dated it probes not only the technical stages of research, but also its assumptions, procedures and dissemination.

This book answers the question of whether we can apply evolutionary theories to our understanding of the development of social structures.
Social networks have increasingly become the focus of many social scientists as a way of analyzing these social structures. While many powerful network analytic tools have been developed and applied to a wide range of empirical phenomena, understanding the evolution of social organization still requires theories and analyses of social network evolutionary processes. Researchers from a variety of disciplines have combined their efforts in what is an indication of some very promising future research and the work represented in this volume provides a basis for a sustained analysis of the evolution of social life.

This volume examines the idea of civil society in its historical and contemporary dimensions. It provides a comprehensive and critical mapping of the idea, the burden of expectation that it has carried, and the intellectual and political dimensions that surround it.

China's provinces are all considerable social, economic and political systems in their own right, and most are the size and scale of a European country in population, land area and social complexity which under other circumstances might be regarded as seperate states, rather than component parts of a single, unitary system. Despite their distinct identities and importance to the country's social, political and economic development, China's provinces only recently became a major focus of inquiry with the introduction of reform and decentralization. This volume is the first of a series examining each of China's provinces in reform and deals with Guangxi, Hainan, Liaoning, Shandong, Shanghai, Sichuan and Zhejiang. It is concerned with the impact of economic reform on social and political change within each of the provinces. The issues revealed by this study are not only the determinants of provincial politics or central-provincial relations in China, but also wider concerns about the impact of economic modernization on social and political change. The seven cases presented here highlight the effects of economic growth on class formations and regional development within each province.

China is a far larger and more diverse country than many people in the West realise. The provinces that make up the country are considerable social, economic and political systems in their own right. They are comparable in size and complexity to European states.
China's Provinces in Reform is concerned with the impact of economic reform and social and politial change within the provinces at the immediate sub-central level of the People's Republic of China. One of the main aims of this book is to question over-generalizations about China's development in the reform era. However, the provincial analysis of social and political change in China also has the potential to reveal even more in a conparative perspective.
This is the first volume of a series and covers Guangxi, Hainan, Liaoning, Shandong, Shanghai, Sichuan and Zhejiang. It is part of an ambitious project, conducted by the Institute for International Studies at the Univeristy of Technology, Sydney that will provide the most thorough and up to date analysis of China's provinces yet published.

This volume examines the idea of civil society in its historical and contemporary dimensions. It provides a comprehensive and critical mapping of the idea, the burden of expectation that it has carried, and the intellectual and political dimensions that surround it.

This practical guide to using ICT in the primary classroom addresses all the concerns of student teachers and provides plenty of ideas and advice on how to incorporate ICT into classroom practice on a daily basis. The authors bring together theory and practice to help prospective and new teachers acquire and develop the skills required for using ICT effectively. Meeting the Standards in Primary ICT is split into three sections which will: help assess the readers' ICT skills, knowledge and understanding discuss ways of incorporating ICT for teaching across the primary curriculum help the reader to think about ICT and their own professional learning and development. This book will be an invaluable resource for all student teachers on primary training courses, lecturers and mentors supporting trainees on these courses and newly qualified teachers (NQTs).

When originally published in 1991, this book was the first systematic, detailed evaluation of the social structure of the Nazi Party in several regions of Germany during its so-called Kampfzeit phase. Based on extensive archival material, much of it left untouched since the end of the war until Detlef Muhlberger uncovered it, the book demonstrates that the Nazi Party and its major auxiliaries, the SA and the SS mobilized support which was remarkably heterogeneous in social terms. The author reveals that in addition to followers from the middle and upper social classes the Nazi Party enjoyed strong support among the lower class and it was indeed, as it claimed to be a people's party, or Volkspartei.

Football, Nationality and the State examines the complex and ever-changing relationship between football (its development and structure), nationality and the state. Divided into two parts the book first deals with the existence of more than one football nation within the same political state. Using international comparisons the authors argue that these divisions may result from football's early history and development, regional movements for independence, or the growth of a language cleavage. The second part of the book goes on to examine the structure of football as an extension, or reflection, of the structure of the state. Resulting structures include the imposition of state socialism on sport, the presence of democratic politics in the organisation of football clubs and the links between big business and football.

Building on the work of anthropologists, historians, sociologists, literary critics, and feminist philosophers of science, the essays in " Women Out of Place: the Gender of Agency and Race of Nationality" investigate the linkages between agency and race for what they reveal about constructions of masculinity and femininity and patterns of domesticity among groups seeking to resist varied forms of political and economic domination through a subnational ideology of racial and cultural redemption.
Does agency have a gender? Does nationality have a race? Does the race of nationality predetermine the gender of agency? This volume asks these questions of a variety of nationalist ideologies, some at the same point in history, others as precursors of or predecessors to an initial nationalist formation.
Contributors are: Richard G. Fox, Eva Haseby-Darvas, Paulette Pierce, Deborah Rubin, Louisa Schein, Carol A. Smith, Jacqueline True.

There is a growing recognition that the most powerful determinants of health in modern populations are to be found in social, economic and cultural circumstances. These include economic growth, income distribution, consumption, work organization, unemployment and job insecurity, social and family structure, education and deprivation, and they are all aspects of "social organization". In this work, these issues are examined by British and North American researchers. They bring together an array of evidence from the social sciences, epidemiology and biology. The text starts by examining the strengths and weaknesses of these approaches to improving the population's health. It then considers the timing of major influences on health and questions whether there are special periods of vulnerability early in life or whether circumstances throughout life are equally important. The final section draws out the implications for policy and for links between health and economic performance, emphasising the need for greater investment to combat the low educational standards and high and poor economic performance.

Building on the work of anthropologists, historians, sociologists, literary critics, and feminist philosophers of science, the essays in " Women Out of Place: the Gender of Agency and Race of Nationality" investigate the linkages between agency and race for what they reveal about constructions of masculinity and femininity and patterns of domesticity among groups seeking to resist varied forms of political and economic domination through a subnational ideology of racial and cultural redemption.
Does agency have a gender? Does nationality have a race? Does the race of nationality predetermine the gender of agency? This volume asks these questions of a variety of nationalist ideologies, some at the same point in history, others as precursors of or predecessors to an initial nationalist formation.
Contributors are: Richard G. Fox, Eva Haseby-Darvas, Paulette Pierce, Deborah Rubin, Louisa Schein, Carol A. Smith, Jacqueline True.

Visions of Development presents first-hand stories of groups and movements from many different religious and spiritual traditions that are working with impoverished communities in Africa, Asia and Latin America. It provides unique insights into how people's beliefs and spirituality can help to inform not only what they perceive 'development' to be but also how they go about achieving it. Through real-life examples of courageous and innovative work, the stories challenge much of the theory and practice of mainstream development agencies while also showing how religious inspiration can be a force for radical and positive change.

The questions raised by a study of class and inequality are important, but often complex. This book succeeds in making them understandable without oversimplifying, and its breadth, originality, and easy style will appeal to a wide readership. Peter Saunders covers theories of social class as well as evidence on class inequalities in the contemporary period. He analyses why class inequalities exist, whether they are inevitable, whether they are unjust, and how they are changing. The analysis is comprehensive and up-to-date and includes information on how the distribution of wealth and income and social mobility chances have been changing during the Thatcher years. It also explores how the class structure is being affected by developments such as the spread of privatization and individual shareholdings, the rise of the 'yuppies', and the emergence of an underclass. On the theoretical side Professor Saunders gives equal weight to marxist, social-democratic, and neo-liberal perspectives on class and inequality, and writers as diverse a Karl Marx, John Rawls, and Friedrich Hayek all receive serious and balanced consideration.

There is a growing recognition that the most powerful determinants of health in modern populations are to be found in social, economic and cultural circumstances. These include economic growth, income distribution, consumption, work organization, unemployment and job insecurity, social and family structure, education and deprivation, and they are all aspects of "social organization". In this work, these issues are examined by British and North American researchers. They bring together an array of evidence from the social sciences, epidemiology and biology. The text starts by examining the strengths and weaknesses of these approaches to improving the population's health. It then considers the timing of major influences on health and questions whether there are special periods of vulnerability early in life or whether circumstances throughout life are equally important. The final section draws out the implications for policy and for links between health and economic performance, emphasising the need for greater investment to combat the low educational standards and high and poor economic performance.

Shows Japan's group-orientated society may have had fewer so-called 'leaders', but has excelled as a society of king-makers. On the other hand, the way leadership is expressed derives from different values and perceptions of hierarchy.

Cultural Heritage and Tourism in Africa examines the multiple and diverse manifestations of cultural heritage-based tourism in Africa from a regional, social science, and sustainability perspective. This book delivers a comprehensive treatise on the interdependent concepts of cultural heritage and tourism. Heritage is one of the most pervasive tourism assets worldwide and lies at the foundations of tourism in many localities, including Africa. However, despite its salience, there has not been a systematic examination of Africa's heritage resources, markets, policies, practices, successes, and challenges in a tourism framework, despite the continent's immense heritage value. This book reviews the different types of heritages that pervade the cultural environment of Africa and comprises its vast heritagescapes. It also examines the increasing potential for the growth of heritage tourism throughout the entire continent. The contributions in this volume delve into current thinking about space and place and their effects on heritage, mobilities, globalization, colonialism and indigeneity, conflict, identity and nation-building, connections with other regions through migration and the slave trade, and a greater emphasis on the ordinary heritage of Africa, which has long been ignored by tourism scholars and industry representatives. The chapters herein are authored by Africa specialists, most being from Africa, offering a truly African perspective. The chapters are conceptually rigorous and empirically rich with examples from all regions of the African continent. This unparalleled interdisciplinary glimpse at cultural heritage and tourism in Africa delivers strong value and is a vital resource for all students and researchers of tourism, cultural studies, heritage studies, geography, anthropology, sociology, history, and global studies.