Since its initiation in 1962, this series has presented authoritative reviews of the most important developments in nuclear science and engineering, from both theoretical and applied perspectives. In addition, many original contributions are included.

Arithmetic algebraic geometry is in a fascinating stage of growth, providing a rich variety of applications of new tools to both old and new problems. Representative of these recent developments is the notion of Arakelov geometry, a way of "completing" a variety over the ring of integers of a number field by adding fibres over the Archimedean places. Another is the appearance of the relations between arithmetic geometry and Nevanlinna theory, or more precisely between diophantine approximation theory and the value distribution theory of holomorphic maps. Research mathematicians and graduate students in algebraic geometry and number theory will find a valuable and lively view of the field in this state-of-the-art selection.

This volume represents the refereed proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Finite Fields and Applications (F q5) held at the University of Augsburg (Germany) from August 2-6, 1999, and hosted by the Department of Mathematics. The conference continued a series of biennial international conferences on finite fields, following earlier conferences at the University of Nevada at Las Vegas (USA) in August 1991 and August 1993, the University ofGlasgow (Scotland) in July 1995, and the University ofWaterloo (Canada) in August 1997. The Organizing Committee of F q5 comprised Thomas Beth (University ofKarlsruhe), Stephen D. Cohen (University of Glasgow), Dieter Jungnickel (University of Augsburg, Chairman), Alfred Menezes (University of Waterloo), Gary L. Mullen (Pennsylvania State University), Ronald C. Mullin (University of Waterloo), Harald Niederreiter (Austrian Academy of Sciences), and Alexander Pott (University of Magdeburg). The program ofthe conference consisted offour full days and one halfday ofsessions, with 11 invited plenary talks andover80contributedtalks that re- quired three parallel sessions. This documents the steadily increasing interest in finite fields and their applications. Finite fields have an inherently fasci- nating structure and they are important tools in discrete mathematics. Their applications range from combinatorial design theory, finite geometries, and algebraic geometry to coding theory, cryptology, and scientific computing. A particularly fruitful aspect is the interplay between theory and applications which has led to many new perspectives in research on finite fields.

This textbook presents a unified and rigorous approach to best linear unbiased estimation and prediction of parameters and random quantities in linear models, as well as other theory upon which much of the statistical methodology associated with linear models is based. The single most unique feature of the book is that each major concept or result is illustrated with one or more concrete examples or special cases. Commonly used methodologies based on the theory are presented in methodological interludes scattered throughout the book, along with a wealth of exercises that will benefit students and instructors alike. Generalized inverses are used throughout, so that the model matrix and various other matrices are not required to have full rank. Considerably more emphasis is given to estimability, partitioned analyses of variance, constrained least squares, effects of model misspecification, and most especially prediction than in many other textbooks on linear models. This book is intended for master and PhD students with a basic grasp of statistical theory, matrix algebra and applied regression analysis, and for instructors of linear models courses. Solutions to the book's exercises are available in the companion volume Linear Model Theory - Exercises and Solutions by the same author.

First published in 1930, as the third edition of a 1907 original, this book forms number six in the Cambridge Tracts in Mathematics and Mathematical Physics Series. The text gives a concise account of the theory of equations according to the ideas of Galois. This book will be of value to anyone with an interest in algebra and the history of mathematics.

Originally published in 1932 as number twenty=seven in the Cambridge Tracts in Mathematics and Mathematical Physics series, this book provides a concise account of the theory of modular invariants as embodied in the work of Dickson, Glenn and Hazlett. Appendices are included. This book will be of value to anyone with an interest in modular invariants and the history of mathematics.

Originally published in 1908 as number nine in the Cambridge Tracts in Mathematics and Mathematical Physics series, this book provides a concise account regarding the invariant theory connected with a single quadratic differential form. This book will be of value to anyone with an interest in quadratic differential forms and the history of mathematics.

Originally published in 1914 as number sixteen in the Cambridge Tracts in Mathematics and Mathematical Physics series, this book provides a concise account regarding the theory of linear associative algebras. Textual notes are incorporated throughout. This book will be of value to anyone with an interest in algebra and the history of mathematics.

This book investigates the geometry of the quaternion and octonion algebras. Following a comprehensive historical introduction, the special properties of 3- and 4-dimensional Euclidean spaces are illuminated using quaternions, leading to enumerations of the corresponding finite groups of symmetries. The second half of the book discusses the less familiar octonion algebra, concentrating on its remarkable "triality symmetry" after an appropriate study of Moufang loops. The arithmetics of the quaternions and octonions are also described, and the book concludes with a new theory of octonion factorization. Topics covered include: - history - the geometry of complex numbers - quaternions and 3-dimensional groups - quaternions and 4-dimensional groups - the Hurwitz integral quaternions - the composition algebras - Moufang loops - octonions and 8-dimensional geometry - integral octonions - the octonion projective plane

After reading this book, students should be able to analyze computational problems in linear algebra such as linear systems, least squares- and eigenvalue problems, and to develop their own algorithms for solving them. Since these problems can be large and difficult to handle, much can be gained by understanding and taking advantage of special structures. This in turn requires a good grasp of basic numerical linear algebra and matrix factorizations. Factoring a matrix into a product of simpler matrices is a crucial tool in numerical linear algebra, because it allows us to tackle complex problems by solving a sequence of easier ones. The main characteristics of this book are as follows: It is self-contained, only assuming that readers have completed first-year calculus and an introductory course on linear algebra, and that they have some experience with solving mathematical problems on a computer. The book provides detailed proofs of virtually all results. Further, its respective parts can be used independently, making it suitable for self-study. The book consists of 15 chapters, divided into five thematically oriented parts. The chapters are designed for a one-week-per-chapter, one-semester course. To facilitate self-study, an introductory chapter includes a brief review of linear algebra.

Over a career that spanned 60 years, Ronald L. Graham (known to all as Ron) made significant contributions to the fields of discrete mathematics, number theory, Ramsey theory, computational geometry, juggling and magical mathematics, and many more. Ron also was a mentor to generations of mathematicians, he gave countless talks and helped bring mathematics to a wider audience, and he held signifi cant leadership roles in the mathematical community. This volume is dedicated to the life and memory of Ron Graham, and includes 20-articles by leading scientists across a broad range of subjects that refl ect some of the many areas in which Ron worked.

Steps forward in mathematics often reverberate in other scientific disciplines, and give rise to innovative conceptual developments or find surprising technological applications. This volume brings to the forefront some of the proponents of the mathematics of the twentieth century, who have put at our disposal new and powerful instruments for investigating the reality around us. The portraits present people who have impressive charisma and wide-ranging cultural interests, who are passionate about defending the importance of their own research, are sensitive to beauty, and attentive to the social and political problems of their times. What we have sought to document is mathematics' central position in the culture of our day. Space has been made not only for the great mathematicians but also for literary texts, including contributions by two apparent interlopers, Robert Musil and Raymond Queneau, for whom mathematical concepts represented a valuable tool for resolving the struggle between 'soul and precision.'

Noncommutative Polynomial Algebras of Solvable Type and Their Modules is the first book to systematically introduce the basic constructive-computational theory and methods developed for investigating solvable polynomial algebras and their modules. In doing so, this book covers: A constructive introduction to solvable polynomial algebras and Groebner basis theory for left ideals of solvable polynomial algebras and submodules of free modules The new filtered-graded techniques combined with the determination of the existence of graded monomial orderings The elimination theory and methods (for left ideals and submodules of free modules) combining the Groebner basis techniques with the use of Gelfand-Kirillov dimension, and the construction of different kinds of elimination orderings The computational construction of finite free resolutions (including computation of syzygies, construction of different kinds of finite minimal free resolutions based on computation of different kinds of minimal generating sets), etc. This book is perfectly suited to researchers and postgraduates researching noncommutative computational algebra and would also be an ideal resource for teaching an advanced lecture course.

The material presented here can be divided into two parts. The first, sometimes referred to as abstract algebra, is concerned with the general theory of algebraic objects such as groups, rings, and fields, hence, with topics that are also basic for a number of other domains in mathematics. The second centers around Galois theory and its applications. Historically, this theory originated from the problem of studying algebraic equations, a problem that, after various unsuccessful attempts to determine solution formulas in higher degrees, found its complete clarification through the brilliant ideas of E. Galois. The study of algebraic equations has served as a motivating terrain for a large part of abstract algebra, and according to this, algebraic equations are visible as a guiding thread throughout the book. To underline this point, an introduction to the history of algebraic equations is included. The entire book is self-contained, up to a few prerequisites from linear algebra. It covers most topics of current algebra courses and is enriched by several optional sections that complement the standard program or, in some cases, provide a first view on nearby areas that are more advanced. Every chapter begins with an introductory section on "Background and Overview," motivating the material that follows and discussing its highlights on an informal level. Furthermore, each section ends with a list of specially adapted exercises, some of them with solution proposals in the appendix. The present English edition is a translation and critical revision of the eighth German edition of the Algebra book by the author. The book appeared for the first time in 1993 and, in later years, was complemented by adding a variety of related topics. At the same time it was modified and polished to keep its contents up to date.

This book demonstrates current trends in research on combinatorial and computational commutative algebra with a primary emphasis on topics related to monomial ideals.

Providing a useful and quick introduction to areas of research spanning these fields, Monomial Ideals is split into three parts. Part I offers a quick introduction to the modern theory of Grobner bases as well as the detailed study of generic initial ideals. Part II supplies Hilbert functions and resolutions and some of the combinatorics related to monomial ideals including the Kruskal-Katona theorem and algebraic aspects of Alexander duality. Part III discusses combinatorial applications of monomial ideals, providing a valuable overview of some of the central trends in algebraic combinatorics. Main subjects include edge ideals of finite graphs, powers of ideals, algebraic shifting theory and an introduction to discrete polymatroids. Theory is complemented by a number of examples and exercises throughout, bringing the reader to a deeper understanding of concepts explored within the text.

Self-contained and concise, this book will appeal to a wide range of readers, including PhD students on advanced courses, experienced researchers, and combinatorialists and non-specialists with a basic knowledge of commutative algebra.

Since their first meeting in 1985, Juergen Herzog (Universitat Duisburg-Essen, Germany) and Takayuki Hibi (Osaka University, Japan), have worked together on a number of research projects, of which recent results are presented in this monograph."

This volume is dedicated to the memory of Issai Schur. It opens with some biographical reminiscences of the famous school he established in Berlin, his brutal dismissal by the Nazi regime and his tragic end in Palestine. This is followed by an extensive review of the extraordinary impact of his lesser known analytic work. Finally, leading mathematicians in the representation theory of the symmetric groups, of semisimple and affine Lie algebras and of Chevalley groups have contributed original and outstanding articles. These concern many areas inspired by Schur's work as well as more recent developments involving crystal and canonical bases, Hecke algebras, and the geometric approach linking orbits to representations. Contributors: Biography: H. Abelin-Schur, W. Ledermann, Y. Ne'eman, B. Neumann, P.M. Neumann, M. Sonis. Review: H. Dym, V. Katsnelson. Original papers: H.H. Andersen, A. Braverman, S. Donkin, V. Ivanov, D. Kazhdan, B. Kostant, A. Lascoux, N. Lauritzen, B. Leclerc, P. Littelmann, G. Luzstig, O. Mathieu, M. Nazarov, G. Olshanski, E. Opdam, A. Regev, M. Reineke, C.S. Seshadri, J.-Y. Thibon, M. Varagnolo, E. Vasserot, A. Vershik. The first part of this book will appeal to a general audience. The second part will be of interest to graduate students especially those in analysis, while the third part is addressed to specialists in Lie algebras.

The first chapter deals with idempotent analysis per se . To make the pres- tation self-contained, in the first two sections we define idempotent semirings, give a concise exposition of idempotent linear algebra, and survey some of its applications. Idempotent linear algebra studies the properties of the semirn- ules An , n E N , over a semiring A with idempotent addition; in other words, it studies systems of equations that are linear in an idempotent semiring. Pr- ably the first interesting and nontrivial idempotent semiring , namely, that of all languages over a finite alphabet, as well as linear equations in this sern- ing, was examined by S. Kleene [107] in 1956 . This noncommutative semiring was used in applications to compiling and parsing (see also [1]) . Presently, the literature on idempotent algebra and its applications to theoretical computer science (linguistic problems, finite automata, discrete event systems, and Petri nets), biomathematics, logic , mathematical physics , mathematical economics, and optimizat ion, is immense; e. g. , see [9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 15, 16 , 17, 22, 31 , 32, 35,36,37,38,39 ,40,41,52,53 ,54,55,61,62 ,63,64,68, 71, 72, 73,74,77,78, 79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,88,114,125 ,128,135,136, 138,139,141,159,160, 167,170,173,174,175,176,177,178,179,180,185,186 , 187, 188, 189]. In 1. 2 we present the most important facts of the idempotent algebra formalism . The semimodules An are idempotent analogs of the finite-dimensional v- n, tor spaces lR and hence endomorphisms of these semi modules can naturally be called (idempotent) linear operators on An .

In 1991-1993 our three-volume book "Representation of Lie Groups and Spe cial Functions" was published. When we started to write that book (in 1983), editors of "Kluwer Academic Publishers" expressed their wish for the book to be of encyclopaedic type on the subject. Interrelations between representations of Lie groups and special functions are very wide. This width can be explained by existence of different types of Lie groups and by richness of the theory of their rep resentations. This is why the book, mentioned above, spread to three big volumes. Influence of representations of Lie groups and Lie algebras upon the theory of special functions is lasting. This theory is developing further and methods of the representation theory are of great importance in this development. When the book "Representation of Lie Groups and Special Functions," vol. 1-3, was under preparation, new directions of the theory of special functions, connected with group representations, appeared. New important results were discovered in the traditional directions. This impelled us to write a continuation of our three-volume book on relationship between representations and special functions. The result of our further work is the present book. The three-volume book, published before, was devoted mainly to studying classical special functions and orthogonal polynomials by means of matrix elements, Clebsch-Gordan and Racah coefficients of group representations and to generaliza tions of classical special functions that were dictated by matrix elements of repre sentations."

This book combines, in a novel and general way, an extensive development of the theory of families of commuting matrices with applications to zero-dimensional commutative rings, primary decompositions and polynomial system solving. It integrates the Linear Algebra of the Third Millennium, developed exclusively here, with classical algorithmic and algebraic techniques. Even the experienced reader will be pleasantly surprised to discover new and unexpected aspects in a variety of subjects including eigenvalues and eigenspaces of linear maps, joint eigenspaces of commuting families of endomorphisms, multiplication maps of zero-dimensional affine algebras, computation of primary decompositions and maximal ideals, and solution of polynomial systems. This book completes a trilogy initiated by the uncharacteristically witty books Computational Commutative Algebra 1 and 2 by the same authors. The material treated here is not available in book form, and much of it is not available at all. The authors continue to present it in their lively and humorous style, interspersing core content with funny quotations and tongue-in-cheek explanations.

The central subject of the book - the theory of shift-invariant algebras - is an outgrowth of the established theory of generalized analytic functions. Associated subalgebras of almost periodic functions of real variables and of bounded analytic functions on the unit disc are carried along within the general framework. In particular, it is shown that the algebra of almost periodic functions with spectrum in a semigroup of the reals does not have a half-plane-corona if and only if all non-negative semicharacters of the semigroup are monotone decreasing, or equivalently, if and only if the strong hull of the semigroup coincides with the positive half of its group envelope. Under the same conditions the corresponding subalgebra of bounded analytic functions on the disc has neither a half-plane-corona nor a disc-corona. There are given characterizations of semigroups such that classical theorems of complex analysis hold on the associated shift-invariant algebras. Bourgain algebras, orthogonal measures, and primary ideals of big disc algebras are described. The notion of a harmonic function is extended on compact abelian groups, and corresponding Fatou-type theorems are proven. Important classes of inductive limits of standard uniform algebras, including Blasche algebras, are introduced and studied. In particular, it is shown that algebras of hyper-analytic functions, associated with families of inner functions, do not have a big-disc-corona.

The Center and Focus Problem: Algebraic Solutions and Hypotheses, M. N. Popa and V.V. Pricop, ISBN: 978-1-032-01725-9 (Hardback) This book focuses on an old problem of the qualitative theory of differential equations, called the Center and Focus Problem. It is intended for mathematicians, researchers, professors and Ph.D. students working in the field of differential equations, as well as other specialists who are interested in the theory of Lie algebras, commutative graded algebras, the theory of generating functions and Hilbert series. The book reflects the results obtained by the authors in the last decades. A rather essential result is obtained in solving Poincare's problem. Namely, there are given the upper estimations of the number of Poincare-Lyapunov quantities, which are algebraically independent and participate in solving the Center and Focus Problem that have not been known so far. These estimations are equal to Krull dimensions of Sibirsky graded algebras of comitants and invariants of systems of differential equations.

Introduces a new web-based optimizer for Geometric algebra algorithms; Supports many programming languages as well as hardware; Covers the advantages of High-dimensional algebras; Includes geometrically intuitive support of quantum computing

This monograph is centered on mathematical modeling, innovative numerical algorithms and adaptive concepts to deal with fracture phenomena in multiphysics. State-of-the-art phase-field fracture models are complemented with prototype explanations and rigorous numerical analysis. These developments are embedded into a carefully designed balance between scientific computing aspects and numerical modeling of nonstationary coupled variational inequality systems. Therein, a focus is on nonlinear solvers, goal-oriented error estimation, predictor-corrector adaptivity, and interface conditions. Engineering applications show the potential for tackling practical problems within the fields of solid mechanics, porous media, and fluidstructure interaction.

Tamari lattices originated from weakenings or reinterpretations of the familar associativity law. This has been the subject of Dov Tamari's thesis at the Sorbonne in Paris in 1951 and the central theme of his subsequent mathematical work. Tamari lattices can be realized in terms of polytopes called associahedra, which in fact also appeared first in Tamari's thesis.

By now these beautiful structures have made their appearance in many different areas of pure and applied mathematics, such as algebra, combinatorics, computer science, category theory, geometry, topology, and also in physics. Their interdisciplinary nature provides much fascination and value.

On the occasion of Dov Tamari's centennial birthday, this book provides an introduction to topical research related to Tamari's work and ideas. Most of the articles collected in it are written in a way accessible to a wide audience of students and researchers in mathematics and mathematical physics and are accompanied by high quality illustrations.