This self-contained monograph explores a new theory centered around boolean representations of simplicial complexes leading to a new class of complexes featuring matroids as central to the theory. The book illustrates these new tools to study the classical theory of matroids as well as their important geometric connections. Moreover, many geometric and topological features of the theory of matroids find their counterparts in this extended context. Graduate students and researchers working in the areas of combinatorics, geometry, topology, algebra and lattice theory will find this monograph appealing due to the wide range of new problems raised by the theory. Combinatorialists will find this extension of the theory of matroids useful as it opens new lines of research within and beyond matroids. The geometric features and geometric/topological applications will appeal to geometers. Topologists who desire to perform algebraic topology computations will appreciate the algorithmic potential of boolean representable complexes.

This book discusses major topics in Galois theory and advanced linear algebra, including canonical forms. Divided into four chapters and presenting numerous new theorems, it serves as an easy-to-understand textbook for undergraduate students of advanced linear algebra, and helps students understand other courses, such as Riemannian geometry. The book also discusses key topics including Cayley-Hamilton theorem, Galois groups, Sylvester's law of inertia, Eisenstein criterion, and solvability by radicals. Readers are assumed to have a grasp of elementary properties of groups, rings, fields, and vector spaces, and familiarity with the elementary properties of positive integers, inner product space of finite dimension and linear transformations is beneficial.

This volume arose from the Third Annual Workshop on Inverse Problems, held in Stockholm on May 2-6, 2012. The proceedings present new analytical developments and numerical methods for solutions of inverse and ill-posed problems, which consistently pose complex challenges to the development of effective numerical methods. The book highlights recent research focusing on reliable numerical techniques for the solution of inverse problems, with relevance to a range of fields including acoustics, electromagnetics, optics, medical imaging, and geophysics.

This book consists of eighteen articles in the area of `Combinatorial Matrix Theory' and `Generalized Inverses of Matrices'. Original research and expository articles presented in this publication are written by leading Mathematicians and Statisticians working in these areas. The articles contained herein are on the following general topics: `matrices in graph theory', `generalized inverses of matrices', `matrix methods in statistics' and `magic squares'. In the area of matrices and graphs, speci_c topics addressed in this volume include energy of graphs, q-analog, immanants of matrices and graph realization of product of adjacency matrices. Topics in the book from `Matrix Methods in Statistics' are, for example, the analysis of BLUE via eigenvalues of covariance matrix, copulas, error orthogonal model, and orthogonal projectors in the linear regression models. Moore-Penrose inverse of perturbed operators, reverse order law in the case of inde_nite inner product space, approximation numbers, condition numbers, idempotent matrices, semiring of nonnegative matrices, regular matrices over incline and partial order of matrices are the topics addressed under the area of theory of generalized inverses. In addition to the above traditional topics and a report on CMTGIM 2012 as an appendix, we have an article on old magic squares from India.

The techniques presented here are useful for solving mathematical contest problems in algebra and analysis. Most of the examples and exercises that appear in the book originate from mathematical Olympiad competitions around the world. In the first four chapters the authors cover material for competitions at high school level. The level advances with the chapters. The topics explored include polynomials, functional equations, sequences and an elementary treatment of complex numbers. The final chapters provide a comprehensive list of problems posed at national and international contests in recent years, and solutions to all exercises and problems presented in the book. It helps students in preparing for national and international mathematical contests form high school level to more advanced competitions and will also be useful for their first year of mathematical studies at the university. It will be of interest to teachers in college and university level, and trainers of the mathematical Olympiads.

This contributed volume brings together the highest quality expository papers written by leaders and talented junior mathematicians in the field of Commutative Algebra. Contributions cover a very wide range of topics, including core areas in Commutative Algebra and also relations to Algebraic Geometry, Algebraic Combinatorics, Hyperplane Arrangements, Homological Algebra, and String Theory. The book aims to showcase the area, especially for the benefit of junior mathematicians and researchers who are new to the field; it will aid them in broadening their background and to gain a deeper understanding of the current research in this area. Exciting developments are surveyed and many open problems are discussed with the aspiration to inspire the readers and foster further research.

This book is intended as an introduction to fuzzy algebraic hyperstructures. As the first in its genre, it includes a number of topics, most of which reflect the authors' past research and thus provides a starting point for future research directions. The book is organized in five chapters. The first chapter introduces readers to the basic notions of algebraic structures and hyperstructures. The second covers fuzzy sets, fuzzy groups and fuzzy polygroups. The following two chapters are concerned with the theory of fuzzy Hv-structures: while the third chapter presents the concept of fuzzy Hv-subgroup of Hv-groups, the fourth covers the theory of fuzzy Hv-ideals of Hv-rings. The final chapter discusses several connections between hypergroups and fuzzy sets, and includes a study on the association between hypergroupoids and fuzzy sets endowed with two membership functions. In addition to providing a reference guide to researchers, the book is also intended as textbook for undergraduate and graduate students.

This volume, setting out the theory of positive maps as it stands today, reflects the rapid growth in this area of mathematics since it was recognized in the 1990s that these applications of C*-algebras are crucial to the study of entanglement in quantum theory. The author, a leading authority on the subject, sets out numerous results previously unpublished in book form. In addition to outlining the properties and structures of positive linear maps of operator algebras into the bounded operators on a Hilbert space, he guides readers through proofs of the Stinespring theorem and its applications to inequalities for positive maps. The text examines the maps' positivity properties, as well as their associated linear functionals together with their density operators. It features special sections on extremal positive maps and Choi matrices. In sum, this is a vital publication that covers a full spectrum of matters relating to positive linear maps, of which a large proportion is relevant and applicable to today's quantum information theory. The latter sections of the book present the material in finite dimensions, while the text as a whole appeals to a wider and more general readership by keeping the mathematics as elementary as possible throughout.

This introduction to cryptography employs a programming-oriented approach to study the most important cryptographic schemes in current use and the main cryptanalytic attacks against them. Discussion of the theoretical aspects, emphasizing precise security definitions based on methodological tools such as complexity and randomness, and of the mathematical aspects, with emphasis on number-theoretic algorithms and their applications to cryptography and cryptanalysis, is integrated with the programming approach, thus providing implementations of the algorithms and schemes as well as examples of realistic size. A distinctive feature of the author's approach is the use of Maple as a programming environment in which not just the cryptographic primitives but also the most important cryptographic schemes are implemented following the recommendations of standards bodies such as NIST, with many of the known cryptanalytic attacks implemented as well. The purpose of the Maple implementations is to let the reader experiment and learn, and for this reason the author includes numerous examples. The book discusses important recent subjects such as homomorphic encryption, identity-based cryptography and elliptic curve cryptography. The algorithms and schemes which are treated in detail and implemented in Maple include AES and modes of operation, CMAC, GCM/GMAC, SHA-256, HMAC, RSA, Rabin, Elgamal, Paillier, Cocks IBE, DSA and ECDSA. In addition, some recently introduced schemes enjoying strong security properties, such as RSA-OAEP, Rabin-SAEP, Cramer--Shoup, and PSS, are also discussed and implemented. On the cryptanalysis side, Maple implementations and examples are used to discuss many important algorithms, including birthday and man-in-the-middle attacks, integer factorization algorithms such as Pollard's rho and the quadratic sieve, and discrete log algorithms such as baby-step giant-step, Pollard's rho, Pohlig--Hellman and the index calculus method. This textbook is suitable for advanced undergraduate and graduate students of computer science, engineering and mathematics, satisfying the requirements of various types of courses: a basic introductory course; a theoretically oriented course whose focus is on the precise definition of security concepts and on cryptographic schemes with reductionist security proofs; a practice-oriented course requiring little mathematical background and with an emphasis on applications; or a mathematically advanced course addressed to students with a stronger mathematical background. The main prerequisite is a basic knowledge of linear algebra and elementary calculus, and while some knowledge of probability and abstract algebra would be helpful, it is not essential because the book includes the necessary background from these subjects and, furthermore, explores the number-theoretic material in detail. The book is also a comprehensive reference and is suitable for self-study by practitioners and programmers.

Understanding Geometric Algebra: Hamilton, Grassmann, and Clifford for Computer Vision and Graphics introduces geometric algebra with an emphasis on the background mathematics of Hamilton, Grassmann, and Clifford. It shows how to describe and compute geometry for 3D modeling applications in computer graphics and computer vision. Unlike similar texts, this book first gives separate descriptions of the various algebras and then explains how they are combined to define the field of geometric algebra. It starts with 3D Euclidean geometry along with discussions as to how the descriptions of geometry could be altered if using a non-orthogonal (oblique) coordinate system. The text focuses on Hamilton's quaternion algebra, Grassmann's outer product algebra, and Clifford algebra that underlies the mathematical structure of geometric algebra. It also presents points and lines in 3D as objects in 4D in the projective geometry framework; explores conformal geometry in 5D, which is the main ingredient of geometric algebra; and delves into the mathematical analysis of camera imaging geometry involving circles and spheres. With useful historical notes and exercises, this book gives readers insight into the mathematical theories behind complicated geometric computations. It helps readers understand the foundation of today's geometric algebra.

This book provides a systematic, rigorous and self-contained treatment of positive dynamical systems. A dynamical system is positive when all relevant variables of a system are nonnegative in a natural way. This is in biology, demography or economics, where the levels of populations or prices of goods are positive. The principle also finds application in electrical engineering, physics and computer sciences. "The author has greatly expanded the field of positive systems in surprising ways." - Prof. Dr. David G. Luenberger, Stanford University(USA)

This book gives a general introduction to the theory of representations of algebras. It starts with examples of classification problems of matrices under linear transformations, explaining the three common setups: representation of quivers, modules over algebras and additive functors over certain categories. The main part is devoted to (i) module categories, presenting the unicity of the decomposition into indecomposable modules, the Auslander-Reiten theory and the technique of knitting; (ii) the use of combinatorial tools such as dimension vectors and integral quadratic forms; and (iii) deeper theorems such as Gabriel's Theorem, the trichotomy and the Theorem of Kac - all accompanied by further examples. Each section includes exercises to facilitate understanding. By keeping the proofs as basic and comprehensible as possible and introducing the three languages at the beginning, this book is suitable for readers from the advanced undergraduate level onwards and enables them to consult related, specific research articles.

The present volume comprises survey articles on various fields of Differential-Algebraic Equations (DAEs), which have widespread applications in controlled dynamical systems, especially in mechanical and electrical engineering and a strong relation to (ordinary) differential equations. The individual chapters provide reviews, presentations of the current state of research and new concepts in - Observers for DAEs - DAEs in chemical processes - Optimal control of DAEs - DAEs from a functional-analytic viewpoint - Algebraic methods for DAEs The results are presented in an accessible style, making this book suitable not only for active researchers but also for graduate students (with a good knowledge of the basic principles of DAEs) for self-study.

Contents and treatment are fresh and very different from the standard treatments Presents a fully constructive version of what it means to do algebra The exposition is not only clear, it is friendly, philosophical, and considerate even to the most naive or inexperienced reader

The field of quantum computing has experienced rapid development and many different experimental and theoretical groups have emerged worldwide.This book presents the key elements of quantum computation and communication theories and their implementation in an easy-to-read manner for readers coming from physics, mathematics and computer science backgrounds. Integrating both theoretical aspects and experimental verifications of developing quantum computers, the author explains why particular mathematical methods, physical models and realistic implementations might provide critical steps towards achieving the final goal - constructing quantum computers and quantum networks. The book serves as an excellent introduction for new researchers and also provides a useful review for specialists in the field

The mathematical theory of "open" dynamical systems is a creation of the twentieth century. Its humble beginnings focused on ideas of Laplace transforms applied to linear problems of automatic control and to the analysis and synthesis of electrical circuits. However during the second half of the century, it flowered into a field based on an array of sophisticated mathematical concepts and techniques from algebra, nonlinear analysis and differential geometry. The central notion is that of a dynamical system that exchanges matter, energy, or information with its surroundings, i.e. an "open" dynamical system. The mathema tization of this notion evolved considerably over the years. The early development centered around the input/output point of view and led to important results, particularly in controller design. Thinking about open systems as a "black box" that accepts stimuli and produces responses has had a wide influence also in areas outside engineering, for example in biology, psychology, and economics. In the early 1960's, especially through the work of Kalman, input/state/output models came in vogue. This model class accommodates very nicely the internal initial conditions that are essentially always present in a dynamical system. The introduction of input/state/output models led to a tempestuous development that made systems and control into a mature discipline with a wide range of concepts, results, algorithms, and applications.

The Third Conference on Applied Mathematics and Scienti?c Computing took place June 23-27, 2003 on island of Brijuni, Croatia. The main goal of the conference was to interchange ideas among applied mathematicians in the broadest sense both from and outside academia, as well as experts from other areas who apply different mathematical techniques. During the meeting there were invited and contributed talksand software presentations. Invited presentations were given by active researchers from the ?eldsof approximation theory, numerical methods for differential equations and numericallinear algebra. These proceedings contain research and review papers by invited speakers and selected contributed papers from the ?elds of applied and numerical mathematics. A particular aim of the conference was to encourage young scientists to present results of their research. Traditionally, the best presentation given by PhD student was rewarded. This year awardee was Luka Grubisi ? c ' (University of Hagen, Hagen, Germany) and we congratulate him for this achievement. It would be hard to organize the conference without generous support of the Croatian Ministry of Science and Technology and we acknowledge it. We are also indebted to themainorganizer, Department of Mathematics, University of Zagreb.Motivating beautiful nature should bealso mentioned.And,attheend, we are thankful to Drs. JosipTambaca ? and Ivica Nakic ' for giving this book its ?nal shape.

This is the first English translation of Thomas Harriot's seminal Artis Analyticae Praxis, first published in Latin in 1631. It has recently become clear that Harriot's editor substantially rearranged the work, and omitted sections beyond his comprehension. Commentary included with this translation relates to corresponding pages in the manuscript papers, enabling exploration of Harriot's novel and advanced mathematics. This publication provides the basis for a reassessment of the development of algebra.

This book develops a whole strategy for decision-making, with the full participation of the decision-maker and utilizing continuous feedback. It introduces the use of the very well-known and proven methodology, linear programming, but specially adapted for this purpose. For this, it incorporates a method to include subjective concepts, as well as the possibility of working with many different and even contradictory objectives. The book is liberally populated with diverse case studies to illustrate the concepts. This practical guide will be of interest to anyone undertaking analysis and decision-making, on both simple and complex projects, and who is looking for a strategy to organize, classify, and evaluate the large amount of information required to make an informed decision. The strategy includes methods to analyze the results and extract conclusions from them.

By studying applications in radar, telecommunications and digital image restoration, this monograph discusses signal processing techniques based on bispectral methods. Improved robustness against different forms of noise as well as preservation of phase information render this method a valuable alternative to common power-spectrum analysis used in radar object recognition, digital wireless communications, and jitter removal in images.

The Lie Theory Workshop, founded by Joe Wolf (UC, Berkeley), has been running for over two decades. These workshops have been sponsored by the NSF, noting the talks have been seminal in describing new perspectives in the field covering broad areas of current research. At the beginning, the top universities in California and Utah hosted the meetings which continue to run on a quarterly basis. Experts in representation theory/Lie theory from various parts of the US, Europe, Asia (China, Japan, Singapore, Russia), Canada, and South and Central America were routinely invited to give talks at these meetings. Nowadays, the workshops are also hosted at universities in Louisiana, Virginia, and Oklahoma. The contributors to this volume have all participated in these Lie theory workshops and include in this volume expository articles which cover representation theory from the algebraic, geometric, analytic, and topological perspectives with also important connections to math physics. These survey articles, review and update the prominent seminal series of workshops in representation/Lie theory mentioned-above, and reflects the widespread influence of those workshops in such areas as harmonic analysis, representation theory, differential geometry, algebraic geometry, number theory, and mathematical physics. Many of the contributors have had prominent roles in both the classical and modern developments of Lie theory and its applications.

This book explains the theory and practice of order relations in such a way that no specific mathematical skill is needed to understand the advantages of this algebraization. It acts as a primer in a mathematical technique which is useful in many expanding disciplines, like genomics, techniques of decision support, and sustainability. This book is recommended to those who are interested in the interface between sciences and management.

In this new text, designed for sophomores studying mathematics and computer science, the authors cover the basics of difference equations and some of their applications in computing and in population biology. Each chapter leads to techniques that can be applied by hand to small examples or programmed for larger problems. Along the way, the reader will use linear algebra and graph theory, develop formal power series, solve combinatorial problems, visit Perron-Frobenius theory, discuss pseudorandom number generation and integer factorization, and apply the Fast Fourier Transform to multiply polynomials quickly. The book contains many worked examples and over 250 exercises. While these exercises are accessible to students and have been class-tested, they also suggest further problems and possible research topics.

This text offers an introduction to error-correcting linear codes for researchers and graduate students in mathematics, computer science and engineering. The book differs from other standard texts in its emphasis on the classification of codes by means of isometry classes. The relevant algebraic are developed rigorously. Cyclic codes are discussed in great detail. In the last four chapters these isometry classes are enumerated, and representatives are constructed algorithmically.

The book offers an original view on channel coding, based on a unitary approach to block and convolutional codes for error correction. It presents both new concepts and new families of codes. For example, lengthened and modified lengthened cyclic codes are introduced as a bridge towards time-invariant convolutional codes and their extension to time-varying versions. The novel families of codes include turbo codes and low-density parity check (LDPC) codes, the features of which are justified from the structural properties of the component codes. Design procedures for regular LDPC codes are proposed, supported by the presented theory. Quasi-cyclic LDPC codes, in block or convolutional form, represent one of the most original contributions of the book. The use of more than 100 examples allows the reader gradually to gain an understanding of the theory, and the provision of a list of more than 150 definitions, indexed at the end of the book, permits rapid location of sought information.