This book demonstrates current trends in research on combinatorial and computational commutative algebra with a primary emphasis on topics related to monomial ideals.

Providing a useful and quick introduction to areas of research spanning these fields, Monomial Ideals is split into three parts. Part I offers a quick introduction to the modern theory of Grobner bases as well as the detailed study of generic initial ideals. Part II supplies Hilbert functions and resolutions and some of the combinatorics related to monomial ideals including the Kruskal-Katona theorem and algebraic aspects of Alexander duality. Part III discusses combinatorial applications of monomial ideals, providing a valuable overview of some of the central trends in algebraic combinatorics. Main subjects include edge ideals of finite graphs, powers of ideals, algebraic shifting theory and an introduction to discrete polymatroids. Theory is complemented by a number of examples and exercises throughout, bringing the reader to a deeper understanding of concepts explored within the text.

Self-contained and concise, this book will appeal to a wide range of readers, including PhD students on advanced courses, experienced researchers, and combinatorialists and non-specialists with a basic knowledge of commutative algebra.

Since their first meeting in 1985, Juergen Herzog (Universitat Duisburg-Essen, Germany) and Takayuki Hibi (Osaka University, Japan), have worked together on a number of research projects, of which recent results are presented in this monograph."

This set of notes is an activity-oriented introduction to linear and multilinear algebra. The great majority of the most elementary results in these subjects are straightforward and can be verified by the thoughtful student. Indeed, that is the main point of these notes - to convince the beginner that the subject is accessible. In the material that follows there are numerous indicators that suggest activity on the part of the reader: words such as 'proposition', 'example', 'theorem', 'exercise', and 'corollary', if not followed by a proof (and proofs here are very rare) or a reference to a proof, are invitations to verify the assertions made.These notes are intended to accompany an (academic) year-long course at the advanced undergraduate or beginning graduate level. (With judicious pruning most of the material can be covered in a two-term sequence.) The text is also suitable for a lecture-style class, the instructor proving some of the results while leaving others as exercises for the students.This book has tried to keep the facts about vector spaces and those about inner product spaces separate. Many beginning linear algebra texts conflate the material on these two vastly different subjects.

This volume is dedicated to the memory of Issai Schur. It opens with some biographical reminiscences of the famous school he established in Berlin, his brutal dismissal by the Nazi regime and his tragic end in Palestine. This is followed by an extensive review of the extraordinary impact of his lesser known analytic work. Finally, leading mathematicians in the representation theory of the symmetric groups, of semisimple and affine Lie algebras and of Chevalley groups have contributed original and outstanding articles. These concern many areas inspired by Schur's work as well as more recent developments involving crystal and canonical bases, Hecke algebras, and the geometric approach linking orbits to representations. Contributors: Biography: H. Abelin-Schur, W. Ledermann, Y. Ne'eman, B. Neumann, P.M. Neumann, M. Sonis. Review: H. Dym, V. Katsnelson. Original papers: H.H. Andersen, A. Braverman, S. Donkin, V. Ivanov, D. Kazhdan, B. Kostant, A. Lascoux, N. Lauritzen, B. Leclerc, P. Littelmann, G. Luzstig, O. Mathieu, M. Nazarov, G. Olshanski, E. Opdam, A. Regev, M. Reineke, C.S. Seshadri, J.-Y. Thibon, M. Varagnolo, E. Vasserot, A. Vershik. The first part of this book will appeal to a general audience. The second part will be of interest to graduate students especially those in analysis, while the third part is addressed to specialists in Lie algebras.

* A new approach that breaks new ground using psychophysics and mathematics in order to investigate human interaction * Identifies the critical direction of change, and the means to achieve it, in order to maintain a stable social environment that is going to require testable and provable theories that apply to our social space and the various cultures and groups that exist within it * An important text for graduate and advanced undergraduate students or classes, along with private and government analysts all operating within the areas of political theory, detection theory, social psychology, organizational behavior, psychophysics, and applied mathematics in the social and information sciences

In 1991-1993 our three-volume book "Representation of Lie Groups and Spe cial Functions" was published. When we started to write that book (in 1983), editors of "Kluwer Academic Publishers" expressed their wish for the book to be of encyclopaedic type on the subject. Interrelations between representations of Lie groups and special functions are very wide. This width can be explained by existence of different types of Lie groups and by richness of the theory of their rep resentations. This is why the book, mentioned above, spread to three big volumes. Influence of representations of Lie groups and Lie algebras upon the theory of special functions is lasting. This theory is developing further and methods of the representation theory are of great importance in this development. When the book "Representation of Lie Groups and Special Functions," vol. 1-3, was under preparation, new directions of the theory of special functions, connected with group representations, appeared. New important results were discovered in the traditional directions. This impelled us to write a continuation of our three-volume book on relationship between representations and special functions. The result of our further work is the present book. The three-volume book, published before, was devoted mainly to studying classical special functions and orthogonal polynomials by means of matrix elements, Clebsch-Gordan and Racah coefficients of group representations and to generaliza tions of classical special functions that were dictated by matrix elements of repre sentations."

This volume collects longer articles on the analysis and numerics of Maxwell's equations. The topics include functional analytic and Hilbert space methods, compact embeddings, solution theories and asymptotics, electromagnetostatics, time-harmonic Maxwell's equations, time-dependent Maxwell's equations, eddy current approximations, scattering and radiation problems, inverse problems, finite element methods, boundary element methods, and isogeometric analysis.

The central subject of the book - the theory of shift-invariant algebras - is an outgrowth of the established theory of generalized analytic functions. Associated subalgebras of almost periodic functions of real variables and of bounded analytic functions on the unit disc are carried along within the general framework. In particular, it is shown that the algebra of almost periodic functions with spectrum in a semigroup of the reals does not have a half-plane-corona if and only if all non-negative semicharacters of the semigroup are monotone decreasing, or equivalently, if and only if the strong hull of the semigroup coincides with the positive half of its group envelope. Under the same conditions the corresponding subalgebra of bounded analytic functions on the disc has neither a half-plane-corona nor a disc-corona. There are given characterizations of semigroups such that classical theorems of complex analysis hold on the associated shift-invariant algebras. Bourgain algebras, orthogonal measures, and primary ideals of big disc algebras are described. The notion of a harmonic function is extended on compact abelian groups, and corresponding Fatou-type theorems are proven. Important classes of inductive limits of standard uniform algebras, including Blasche algebras, are introduced and studied. In particular, it is shown that algebras of hyper-analytic functions, associated with families of inner functions, do not have a big-disc-corona.

Tamari lattices originated from weakenings or reinterpretations of the familar associativity law. This has been the subject of Dov Tamari's thesis at the Sorbonne in Paris in 1951 and the central theme of his subsequent mathematical work. Tamari lattices can be realized in terms of polytopes called associahedra, which in fact also appeared first in Tamari's thesis.

By now these beautiful structures have made their appearance in many different areas of pure and applied mathematics, such as algebra, combinatorics, computer science, category theory, geometry, topology, and also in physics. Their interdisciplinary nature provides much fascination and value.

On the occasion of Dov Tamari's centennial birthday, this book provides an introduction to topical research related to Tamari's work and ideas. Most of the articles collected in it are written in a way accessible to a wide audience of students and researchers in mathematics and mathematical physics and are accompanied by high quality illustrations.

The first chapter deals with idempotent analysis per se . To make the pres- tation self-contained, in the first two sections we define idempotent semirings, give a concise exposition of idempotent linear algebra, and survey some of its applications. Idempotent linear algebra studies the properties of the semirn- ules An , n E N , over a semiring A with idempotent addition; in other words, it studies systems of equations that are linear in an idempotent semiring. Pr- ably the first interesting and nontrivial idempotent semiring , namely, that of all languages over a finite alphabet, as well as linear equations in this sern- ing, was examined by S. Kleene [107] in 1956 . This noncommutative semiring was used in applications to compiling and parsing (see also [1]) . Presently, the literature on idempotent algebra and its applications to theoretical computer science (linguistic problems, finite automata, discrete event systems, and Petri nets), biomathematics, logic , mathematical physics , mathematical economics, and optimizat ion, is immense; e. g. , see [9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 15, 16 , 17, 22, 31 , 32, 35,36,37,38,39 ,40,41,52,53 ,54,55,61,62 ,63,64,68, 71, 72, 73,74,77,78, 79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,88,114,125 ,128,135,136, 138,139,141,159,160, 167,170,173,174,175,176,177,178,179,180,185,186 , 187, 188, 189]. In 1. 2 we present the most important facts of the idempotent algebra formalism . The semimodules An are idempotent analogs of the finite-dimensional v- n, tor spaces lR and hence endomorphisms of these semi modules can naturally be called (idempotent) linear operators on An .

* A new approach that breaks new ground using psychophysics and mathematics in order to investigate human interaction * Identifies the critical direction of change, and the means to achieve it, in order to maintain a stable social environment that is going to require testable and provable theories that apply to our social space and the various cultures and groups that exist within it * An important text for graduate and advanced undergraduate students or classes, along with private and government analysts all operating within the areas of political theory, detection theory, social psychology, organizational behavior, psychophysics, and applied mathematics in the social and information sciences

To find "criteria of simplicity" was the goal of David Hilbert's recently discovered twenty-fourth problem on his renowned list of open problems given at the 1900 International Congress of Mathematicians in Paris. At the same time, simplicity and economy of means are powerful impulses in the creation of artworks. This was an inspiration for a conference, titled the same as this volume, that took place at the Graduate Center of the City University of New York in April of 2013. This volume includes selected lectures presented at the conference, and additional contributions offering diverse perspectives from art and architecture, the philosophy and history of mathematics, and current mathematical practice.

This contributed volume contains articles written by the plenary and invited speakers from the second international MATHEON Workshop 2015 that focus on applications of compressed sensing. Article authors address their techniques for solving the problems of compressed sensing, as well as connections to related areas like detecting community-like structures in graphs, curbatures on Grassmanians, and randomized tensor train singular value decompositions. Some of the novel applications covered include dimensionality reduction, information theory, random matrices, sparse approximation, and sparse recovery. This book is aimed at both graduate students and researchers in the areas of applied mathematics, computer science, and engineering, as well as other applied scientists exploring the potential applications for the novel methodology of compressed sensing. An introduction to the subject of compressed sensing is also provided for researchers interested in the field who are not as familiar with it.

Drawing on rich classroom observations of educators teaching in China and the U.S., this book details an innovative and effective approach to teaching algebra at the elementary level, namely, "teaching through example-based problem solving" (TEPS). Recognizing young children's particular cognitive and developmental capabilities, this book powerfully argues for the importance of infusing algebraic thinking into early grade mathematics teaching and illustrates how this has been achieved by teachers in U.S. and Chinese contexts. Documenting best practice and students' responses to example-based instruction, the text demonstrates that this TEPS approach - which involves the use of worked examples, representations, and deep questions - helps students learn and master fundamental mathematical ideas, making it highly effective in developing algebraic readiness and mathematical understanding. This text will benefit post-graduate students, researchers, and academics in the fields of mathematics, STEM, and elementary education, as well as algebra research more broadly. Those interested in teacher education, classroom practice, and developmental and cognitive psychology will also find this volume of interest.

Discovering Abstract Algebra takes an Inquiry-Based Learning approach to the subject, leading students to discover for themselves its main themes and techniques. Concepts are introduced conversationally through extensive examples and student investigation before being formally defined. Students will develop skills in carefully making statements and writing proofs, while they simultaneously build a sense of ownership over the ideas and results. The book has been extensively tested and reinforced at points of common student misunderstanding or confusion, and includes a wealth of exercises at a variety of levels. The contents were deliberately organized to follow the recommendations of the MAA's 2015 Curriculum Guide. The book is ideal for a one- or two-semester course in abstract algebra, and will prepare students well for graduate-level study in algebra.

When looking for applications of ring theory in geometry, one first thinks of algebraic geometry, which sometimes may even be interpreted as the concrete side of commutative algebra. However, this highly de veloped branch of mathematics has been dealt with in a variety of mono graphs, so that - in spite of its technical complexity - it can be regarded as relatively well accessible. While in the last 120 years algebraic geometry has again and again attracted concentrated interes- which right now has reached a peak once more -, the numerous other applications of ring theory in geometry have not been assembled in a textbook and are scattered in many papers throughout the literature, which makes it hard for them to emerge from the shadow of the brilliant theory of algebraic geometry. It is the aim of these proceedings to give a unifying presentation of those geometrical applications of ring theo y outside of algebraic geometry, and to show that they offer a considerable wealth of beauti ful ideas, too. Furthermore it becomes apparent that there are natural connections to many branches of modern mathematics, e. g. to the theory of (algebraic) groups and of Jordan algebras, and to combinatorics. To make these remarks more precise, we will now give a description of the contents. In the first chapter, an approach towards a theory of non-commutative algebraic geometry is attempted from two different points of view."

The book is written for advanced graduate students. The topics have been selected to present methods and models that have applications in both particle physics and polymer physics. The lectures may serve as a guide through more recent research activities and illustrate the applicability of joint methods in different contexts. The book deals with analytic tools (e.g. random walk models, polymer expansion), numerical tools (e.g. Langevin dynamics), and common models (the three-dimensional Gross-Neveu-Model).

Vector algebra is a particularly weak point in undergraduate mathematics but seminal to understanding more advanced algebra topics. The book is meant as a primary book but might also be used as a supplement to courses in linear algebra and multivariable or vector calculus. There are no direct, current competitors at this level (undergraduate)

After an introduction to the geometry of polynomials and a discussion of refinements of the Fundamental Theorem of Algebra, the book turns to a consideration of various special polynomials. Chebyshev and Descartes systems are then introduced, and Müntz systems and rational systems are examined in detail. Subsequent chapters discuss denseness questions and the inequalities satisfied by polynomials and rational functions. Appendices on algorithms and computational concerns, on the interpolation theorem, and on orthogonality and irrationality round off the text. The book is self-contained and assumes at most a senior-undergraduate familiarity with real and complex analysis.

Tensors are used throughout the sciences, especially in solid state physics and quantum information theory. This book brings a geometric perspective to the use of tensors in these areas. It begins with an introduction to the geometry of tensors and provides geometric expositions of the basics of quantum information theory, Strassen's laser method for matrix multiplication, and moment maps in algebraic geometry. It also details several exciting recent developments regarding tensors in general. In particular, it discusses and explains the following material previously only available in the original research papers: (1) Shitov's 2017 refutation of longstanding conjectures of Strassen on rank additivity and Common on symmetric rank; (2) The 2017 Christandl-Vrana-Zuiddam quantum spectral points that bring together quantum information theory, the asymptotic geometry of tensors, matrix multiplication complexity, and moment polytopes in geometric invariant theory; (3) the use of representation theory in quantum information theory, including the solution of the quantum marginal problem; (4) the use of tensor network states in solid state physics, and (5) recent geometric paths towards upper bounds for the complexity of matrix multiplication. Numerous open problems appropriate for graduate students and post-docs are included throughout.

Queueing Theory deals with systems where there is contention for resources, but the demands are only known probabilistically.

This book can be considered to be a monograph or a textbook, and thus is aimed at two audiences: those who already know Queueing Theory but would like to know more of the Linear Algebraic Approach; and as a rst course for students who don't already have a strong background in probability, and feel more comfortable with algebraic arguments. Also, the equations are well suited to easy computation. In fact, there is much discussion on how various properties can be easily computed in any language that has automatic matrix operations (e.g., MATLAB). To help with physical insight, there are over 80 gures, numerous examples and exercises distributed throughout the book. There are, perhaps 50 books on QT that are available today, and most practitioners have several of them on their shelves. This book would be a good addition, as well as a good supplement to another text.

This second edition has been updated throughout including a new chapter on Semi Markov Processes and new material on matrix representations of distributions and Power-tailed distribution.

Lester Lipsky is a Professor in the Department of Computer Science and Engineering at the University of Connecticut.

This book developed from a course given by the author to undergraduate and postgraduate students. It takes up Matrix Theory, Antenna Theory, and Probability Theory in detail. The first chapter on matrix theory discusses in reasonable depth the theory of Lie Algebras leading upto Cartan's Classification Theory. It also discusses some basic elements of Functional Analysis and Operator Theory in infinite dimensional Banach and Hilbert spaces. The second chapter discusses Basic Probability Theory and the topics discussed find applications to Stochastic Filtering Theory for differential equations driven by white Gaussian noise. The third chapter is on Antenna Theory with a focus on Modern Quantum Antenna Theory. The book will be a valuable resource to students and early career researchers in the field of Mathametical Physics.

The purpose in writing this expository monograph has been three-fold. First, the author set out to present the solution of a problem posed by Wolfgang Krull in 1932. He asked whether what is now called the "Krull-Schmidt Theorem" holds for artinian modules. A negative answer was published only in 1995 by Facchini, Herbera, Levy and Vamos. Second, the author presents the answer to a question posed by Warfield in 1975, namely, whether the Krull-Schmidt-Theorem holds for serial modules. Facchini published a negative answer in 1996. The solution to the Warfield problem shows an interesting behavior; in fact, it is a phenomena so rare in the history of Krull-Schmidt type theorems that its presentation to a wider mathematical audience provides the third incentive for this monograph. Briefly, the Krull-Schmidt-Theorem holds for some, not all, classes of modules. When it does hold, any two indecomposable decompositions are uniquely determined up to one permutation. For serial modules the theorem does not hold, but any two indecomposable decompositions are uniquely determined up to two permutations. Apart from these issues, the book addresses various topics in module theory and ring theory, some now considered classical (such as Goldie dimension, semiperfect rings, Krull dimension, rings of quotients, and their applications) and others more specialized (such as dual Goldie dimension, semilocal endomorphism rings, serial rings and modules, exchange property, -pure-injective modules). Open problems conclude the work.

Lie theory is a mathematical framework for encoding the concept of symmetries of a problem, and was the central theme of an INdAM intensive research period at the Centro de Giorgi in Pisa, Italy, in the academic year 2014-2015. This book gathers the key outcomes of this period, addressing topics such as: structure and representation theory of vertex algebras, Lie algebras and superalgebras, as well as hyperplane arrangements with different approaches, ranging from geometry and topology to combinatorics.

Optimal feedback control arises in different areas such as aerospace engineering, chemical processing, resource economics, etc. In this context, the application of dynamic programming techniques leads to the solution of fully nonlinear Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman equations. This book presents the state of the art in the numerical approximation of Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman equations, including post-processing of Galerkin methods, high-order methods, boundary treatment in semi-Lagrangian schemes, reduced basis methods, comparison principles for viscosity solutions, max-plus methods, and the numerical approximation of Monge-Ampere equations. This book also features applications in the simulation of adaptive controllers and the control of nonlinear delay differential equations. Contents From a monotone probabilistic scheme to a probabilistic max-plus algorithm for solving Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman equations Improving policies for Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman equations by postprocessing Viability approach to simulation of an adaptive controller Galerkin approximations for the optimal control of nonlinear delay differential equations Efficient higher order time discretization schemes for Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman equations based on diagonally implicit symplectic Runge-Kutta methods Numerical solution of the simple Monge-Ampere equation with nonconvex Dirichlet data on nonconvex domains On the notion of boundary conditions in comparison principles for viscosity solutions Boundary mesh refinement for semi-Lagrangian schemes A reduced basis method for the Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman equation within the European Union Emission Trading Scheme

In this edition, a set of Supplementary Notes and Remarks has been added at the end, grouped according to chapter. Some of these call attention to subsequent developments, others add further explanation or additional remarks. Most of the remarks are accompanied by a briefly indicated proof, which is sometimes different from the one given in the reference cited. The list of references has been expanded to include many recent contributions, but it is still not intended to be exhaustive. John C. Oxtoby Bryn Mawr, April 1980 Preface to the First Edition This book has two main themes: the Baire category theorem as a method for proving existence, and the "duality" between measure and category. The category method is illustrated by a variety of typical applications, and the analogy between measure and category is explored in all of its ramifications. To this end, the elements of metric topology are reviewed and the principal properties of Lebesgue measure are derived. It turns out that Lebesgue integration is not essential for present purposes-the Riemann integral is sufficient. Concepts of general measure theory and topology are introduced, but not just for the sake of generality. Needless to say, the term "category" refers always to Baire category; it has nothing to do with the term as it is used in homological algebra.