This book provides the reader with the tools to understand the ongoing classification and construction project of Lie superalgebras. It presents the material in as simple terms as possible. Coverage specifically details Borcherds-Kac-Moody superalgebras. The book examines the link between the above class of Lie superalgebras and automorphic form and explains their construction from lattice vertex algebras. It also includes all necessary background information.

Understanding Geometric Algebra: Hamilton, Grassmann, and Clifford for Computer Vision and Graphics introduces geometric algebra with an emphasis on the background mathematics of Hamilton, Grassmann, and Clifford. It shows how to describe and compute geometry for 3D modeling applications in computer graphics and computer vision. Unlike similar texts, this book first gives separate descriptions of the various algebras and then explains how they are combined to define the field of geometric algebra. It starts with 3D Euclidean geometry along with discussions as to how the descriptions of geometry could be altered if using a non-orthogonal (oblique) coordinate system. The text focuses on Hamilton's quaternion algebra, Grassmann's outer product algebra, and Clifford algebra that underlies the mathematical structure of geometric algebra. It also presents points and lines in 3D as objects in 4D in the projective geometry framework; explores conformal geometry in 5D, which is the main ingredient of geometric algebra; and delves into the mathematical analysis of camera imaging geometry involving circles and spheres. With useful historical notes and exercises, this book gives readers insight into the mathematical theories behind complicated geometric computations. It helps readers understand the foundation of today's geometric algebra.

* What is the essence of the similarity between linearly independent sets of columns of a matrix and forests in a graph?
* Why does the greedy algorithm produce a spanning tree of minimum weight in a connected graph?
* Can we test in polynomial time whether a matrix is totally unimodular?
Matroid theory examines and answers questions like these. Seventy-five years of study of matroids has seen the development of a rich theory with links to graphs, lattices, codes, transversals, and projective geometries. Matroids are of fundamental importance in combinatorial optimization and their applications extend into electrical and structural engineering.
This book falls into two parts: the first provides a comprehensive introduction to the basics of matroid theory, while the second treats more advanced topics. The book contains over seven hundred exercises and includes, for the first time in one place, proofs of all of the major theorems in the subject. The last two chapters review current research and list more than eighty unsolved problems along with a description of the progress towards their solutions.
Reviews from previous edition:
"It includes more background, such as finite fields and finite projective and affine geometries, and the level of the exercises is well suited to graduate students. The book is well written and includes a couple of nice touches ... this is a very useful book. I recommend it highly both as an introduction to matroid theory and as a reference work for those already seriously interested in the subject, whether for its own sake or for its applications to other fields." -- AMS Bulletin
"Whoever wants to know what is happening in one of the most exciting chapters of combinatorics has no choice but to buy and peruse Oxley's treatise." -- The Bulletin of Mathematics
"This book is an excellent graduate textbook and reference book on matroid theory. The care that went into the writing of this book is evident by the quality of the exposition." -- Mathematical Reviews

Fuzzy logics are many-valued logics that are well suited to reasoning in the context of vagueness. They provide the basis for the wider field of Fuzzy Logic, encompassing diverse areas such as fuzzy control, fuzzy databases, and fuzzy mathematics. This book provides an accessible and up-to-date introduction to this fast-growing and increasingly popular area. It focuses in particular on the development and applications of "proof-theoretic" presentations of fuzzy logics; the result of more than ten years of intensive work by researchers in the area, including the authors. In addition to providing alternative elegant presentations of fuzzy logics, proof-theoretic methods are useful for addressing theoretical problems (including key standard completeness results) and developing efficient deduction and decision algorithms. Proof-theoretic presentations also place fuzzy logics in the broader landscape of non-classical logics, revealing deep relations with other logics studied in Computer Science, Mathematics, and Philosophy. The book builds methodically from the semantic origins of fuzzy logics to proof-theoretic presentations such as Hilbert and Gentzen systems, introducing both theoretical and practical applications of these presentations.

Elementary Methods in Number Theory begins with "a first course in number theory" for students with no previous knowledge of the subject. The main topics are divisibility, prime numbers, and congruences. There is also an introduction to Fourier analysis on finite abelian groups, and a discussion on the abc conjecture and its consequences in elementary number theory. In the second and third parts of the book, deep results in number theory are proved using only elementary methods. Part II is about multiplicative number theory, and includes two of the most famous results in mathematics: the Erdös-Selberg elementary proof of the prime number theorem, and Dirichlets theorem on primes in arithmetic progressions. Part III is an introduction to three classical topics in additive number theory: Warings problems for polynomials, Liouvilles method to determine the number of representations of an integer as the sum of an even number of squares, and the asymptotics of partition functions. Melvyn B. Nathanson is Professor of Mathematics at the City University of New York (Lehman College and the Graduate Center). He is the author of the two other graduate texts: Additive Number Theory: The Classical Bases and Additive Number Theory: Inverse Problems and the Geometry of Sumsets.

This book includes a self-contained approach of the general theory of quadratic forms and integral Euclidean lattices, as well as a presentation of the theory of automorphic forms and Langlands' conjectures, ranging from the first definitions to the recent and deep classification results due to James Arthur. Its connecting thread is a question about lattices of rank 24: the problem of p-neighborhoods between Niemeier lattices. This question, whose expression is quite elementary, is in fact very natural from the automorphic point of view, and turns out to be surprisingly intriguing. We explain how the new advances in the Langlands program mentioned above pave the way for a solution. This study proves to be very rich, leading us to classical themes such as theta series, Siegel modular forms, the triality principle, L-functions and congruences between Galois representations. This monograph is intended for any mathematician with an interest in Euclidean lattices, automorphic forms or number theory. A large part of it is meant to be accessible to non-specialists.

This is the second volume of the new subseries "Invariant Theory and Algebraic Transformation Groups". The aim of the survey by A. Bialynicki-Birula is to present the main trends and achievements of research in the theory of quotients by actions of algebraic groups. This theory contains geometric invariant theory with various applications to problems of moduli theory. The contribution by J. Carrell treats the subject of torus actions on algebraic varieties, giving a detailed exposition of many of the cohomological results one obtains from having a torus action with fixed points. Many examples, such as toric varieties and flag varieties, are discussed in detail. W.M. McGovern studies the actions of a semisimple Lie or algebraic group on its Lie algebra via the adjoint action and on itself via conjugation. His contribution focuses primarily on nilpotent orbits that have found the widest application to representation theory in the last thirty-five years.

This two-volume work presents state-of-the-art mathematical theories and results on infinite-dimensional dynamical systems. Inertial manifolds, approximate inertial manifolds, discrete attractors and the dynamics of small dissipation are discussed in detail. The unique combination of mathematical rigor and physical background makes this work an essential reference for researchers and graduate students in applied mathematics and physics. The main emphasis in the fi rst volume is on the existence and properties for attractors and inertial manifolds. This volume highlights the use of modern analytical tools and methods such as the geometric measure method, center manifold theory in infinite dimensions, the Melnihov method, spectral analysis and so on for infinite-dimensional dynamical systems. The second volume includes the properties of global attractors, the calculation of discrete attractors, structures of small dissipative dynamical systems, and the existence and stability of solitary waves. Contents Discrete attractor and approximate calculation Some properties of global attractor Structures of small dissipative dynamical systems Existence and stability of solitary waves

This book is an extensively revised version of my textbook "Yesodot HaAlgebra HaLiniarit" (The Foundations of Linear Algebra) used at many universities in Israel. It is designed for a comprehensive one-year course in linear algebra (112 lecture hours) for mathematics majors. Therefore, I assume that the student already has a certain amount of mathematical background - including set theory, mathematical induction, basic analytic geometry, and elementary calculus - as wellas a modicum of mathematical sophistication. My intention is to provide not only a solid basis in the abstract theory of linear algebra, but also to provide examples of the application of this theory to other branches ofmathematics and computer science. Thus, for example, the introduction of finite fields is dictated by the needs of students studying algebraic coding theory as an immediate followup to their linear algebra studies. Many of the students studying linear algebra either are familiar with the care and feeding of computers before they begin their studies or are simultaneously en rolled in an introductory computer science course. Therefore, consideration of the more computational aspects of linear algebra - such as the solution of systems of linear equations and the calculation of eigenvalues - is delayed until all students are assumed able to write computer programs for this purpose. Beginning with Chap ter VII, there is an implicit assumption that the student has access to a personal computer and knows how to use it."

In essence, this text is written as a challenge to others, to discover significant uses for Cayley number algebra in physics. I freely admit that though the reading of some sections would benefit from previous experience of certain topics in physics - particularly relativity and electromagnetism - generally the mathematics is not sophisticated. In fact, the mathematically sophisticated reader, may well find that in many places, the rather deliberate progress too slow for their liking. This text had its origin in a 90-minute lecture on complex numbers given by the author to prospective university students in 1994. In my attempt to develop a novel approach to the subject matter I looked at complex numbers from an entirely geometric perspective and, no doubt in line with innumerable other mathematicians, re-traced steps first taken by Hamilton and others in the early years of the nineteenth century. I even enquired into the possibility of using an alternative multiplication rule for complex numbers (in which argzlz2 = argzl- argz2) other than the one which is normally accepted (argzlz2 = argzl + argz2). Of course, my alternative was rejected because it didn't lead to a 'product' which had properties that we now accept as fundamental (i. e.

This volume contains the proceedings of the Research Workshop of the Israel Science Foundation on Groups, Algebras and Identities, held from March 20-24, 2016, at Bar-Ilan University and the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel, in honor of Boris Plotkin's 90th birthday. The papers in this volume cover various topics of universal algebra, universal algebraic geometry, logic geometry, and algebraic logic, as well as applications of universal algebra to computer science, geometric ring theory, small cancellation theory, and Boolean algebras.

The authors develop a theory of $THH$ and $TC$ of Waldhausen categories and prove the analogues of Waldhausen's theorems for $K$-theory. They resolve the longstanding confusion about localization sequences in $THH$ and $TC$, and establish a specialized devissage theorem. As applications, the authors prove conjectures of Hesselholt and Ausoni-Rognes about localization cofiber sequences surrounding $THH(ku)$, and more generally establish a framework for advancing the Rognes program for studying Waldhausen's chromatic filtration on $A(*)$.

Absolutely everything you need to get ready for Algebra Scared of square roots? Suspicious of powers of ten? You're not alone. Plenty of school-age students and adult learners don't care for math. But, with the right guide, you can make math basics "click" for you too! In Basic Math & Pre-Algebra All-in-One For Dummies, you'll find everything you need to be successful in your next math class and tackle basic math tasks in the real world. Whether you're trying to get a handle on pre-algebra before moving to the next grade or looking to get more comfortable with everyday math--such as tipping calculations or balancing your checkbook--this book walks you through every step--in plain English, and with clear explanations--to help you build a firm foundation in math. You'll also get: Practice quizzes at the end of each chapter to test your comprehension and understanding A bonus online quiz for each chapter, with answer choices presented in multiple choice format A ton of explanations, examples, and practice problems that prepare you to tackle more advanced algebraic concepts From the different categories of numbers to mathematical operations, fractions, percentages, roots and powers, and a short intro to algebraic expressions and equations, Basic Math & Pre-Algebra All-in-One For Dummies is an essential companion for anyone who wants to get a handle on the foundational math concepts that are the building blocks for Algebra and beyond.

This volume highlights the main results of the research performed within the network "Harmonic and Complex Analysis and its Applications" (HCAA), which was a five-year (2007-2012) European Science Foundation Programme intended to explore and to strengthen the bridge between two scientific communities: analysts with broad backgrounds in complex and harmonic analysis and mathematical physics, and specialists in physics and applied sciences. It coordinated actions for advancing harmonic and complex analysis and for expanding its application to challenging scientific problems. Particular topics considered by this Programme included conformal and quasiconformal mappings, potential theory, Banach spaces of analytic functions and their applications to the problems of fluid mechanics, conformal field theory, Hamiltonian and Lagrangian mechanics, and signal processing. This book is a collection of surveys written as a result of activities of the Programme and will be interesting and useful for professionals and novices in analysis and mathematical physics, as well as for graduate students. Browsing the volume, the reader will undoubtedly notice that, as the scope of the Programme is rather broad, there are many interrelations between the various contributions, which can be regarded as different facets of a common theme.

This volume showcases mostly the contributions presented at the International Conference in Algebra and Its Applications held at the Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India during November 12-14, 2016. Refereed by renowned experts in the field, this wide-ranging collection of works presents the state of the art in the field of algebra and its applications covering topics such as derivations in rings, category theory, Baer module theory, coding theory, graph theory, semi-group theory, HNP rings, Leavitt path algebras, generalized matrix algebras, Nakayama conjecture, near ring theory and lattice theory. All of the contributing authors are leading international academicians and researchers in their respective fields. Contents On Structure of -Prime Rings with Generalized Derivation A characterization of additive mappings in rings with involution| Skew constacyclic codes over Fq + vFq + v2Fq Generalized total graphs of commutative rings: A survey Differential conditions for which near-rings are commutative rings Generalized Skew Derivations satisfying the second Posner's theorem on Lie ideals Generalized Skew-Derivations on Lie Ideals in Prime Rings On generalized derivations and commutativity of prime rings with involution On (n, d)-Krull property in amalgamated algebra Pure ideals in ordered -semigroups Projective ideals of differential polynomial rings over HNP rings Additive central m-power skew-commuting maps on semiprime rings A Note on CESS-Lattices Properties Inherited by Direct Sums of Copies of a Module Modules witnessing that a Leavitt path algebra is directly infinite Inductive Groupoids and Normal Categories of Regular Semigroups Actions of generalized derivations in Rings and Banach Algebras Proper Categories and Their Duals On Nakayama Conjecture and related conjectures-Review On construction of global actions for partial actions On 2-absorbing and Weakly 2-absorbing Ideals in Product Lattices Separability in algebra and category theory Annihilators of power values of generalized skew derivations on Lie ideals Generalized derivations on prime rings with involution

This two-volume work presents a systematic theoretical and computational study of several types of generalizations of separable matrices. The main attention is paid to fast algorithms (many of linear complexity) for matrices in semiseparable, quasiseparable, band and companion form. The work is focused on algorithms of multiplication, inversion and description of eigenstructure and includes a large number of illustrative examples throughout the different chapters. The first volume consists of four parts. The first part is of a mainly theoretical character introducing and studying the quasiseparable and semiseparable representations of matrices and minimal rank completion problems. Three further completions are treated in the second part. The first applications of the quasiseparable and semiseparable structure are included in the third part where the interplay between the quasiseparable structure and discrete time varying linear systems with boundary conditions play an essential role. The fourth part contains factorization and inversion fast algorithms for matrices via quasiseparable and semiseparable structure. The work is based mostly on results obtained by the authors and their coauthors. Due to its many significant applications and the accessible style the text will be useful to engineers, scientists, numerical analysts, computer scientists and mathematicians alike.

The aim of the Expositions is to present new and important developments in pure and applied mathematics. Well established in the community over more than two decades, the series offers a large library of mathematical works, including several important classics. The volumes supply thorough and detailed expositions of the methods and ideas essential to the topics in question. In addition, they convey their relationships to other parts of mathematics. The series is addressed to advanced readers interested in a thorough study of the subject. Editorial Board Lev Birbrair, Universidade Federal do Ceara, Fortaleza, Brasil Walter D. Neumann, Columbia University, New York, USA Markus J. Pflaum, University of Colorado, Boulder, USA Dierk Schleicher, Jacobs University, Bremen, Germany Katrin Wendland, University of Freiburg, Germany Honorary Editor Victor P. Maslov, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia Titles in planning include Yuri A. Bahturin, Identical Relations in Lie Algebras (2019) Yakov G. Berkovich, Lev G. Kazarin, and Emmanuel M. Zhmud', Characters of Finite Groups, Volume 2 (2019) Jorge Herbert Soares de Lira, Variational Problems for Hypersurfaces in Riemannian Manifolds (2019) Volker Mayer, Mariusz Urbanski, and Anna Zdunik, Random and Conformal Dynamical Systems (2021) Ioannis Diamantis, Bostjan Gabrovsek, Sofia Lambropoulou, and Maciej Mroczkowski, Knot Theory of Lens Spaces (2021)

Combinatorics and finite fields are of great importance in modern applications such as in the analysis of algorithms, in information and communication theory, and in signal processing and coding theory. This book contains survey articles on topics such as difference sets, polynomials, and pseudorandomness.

This is the first book to systematically study the weak systems of mereology. In its chapters, the author critically analyzes and explains core topics related to mereology, such as parthood without antisymmetry, non-existence of the zero element, and Lesniewski's notion of class and set. The book also delves into three theories of parthood: two concern the sum existence axioms, and the third contends with transitivity of parthood. This is the first systematic analysis of systems of mereology of its kind and is suitable for students, scholars, logicians, and mathematicians who wish to further their knowledge of mereology. Original polish publication "Podstawy teorii czesci" by The Nicolaus Copernicus University Press

This introductory book directs the reader to a selection of useful elementary numerical algorithms on a reasonably sound theoretical basis, built up within the text. The primary aim is to develop algorithmic thinking -- emphasizing long living computational concepts over fast changing software issues. The guiding principle is to explain modern numerical analysis concepts applicable in complex scientific computing at much simpler model problems. For example, the two adaptive techniques in numerical quadrature elaborated here carry the germs for either extrapolation methods or multigrid methods in differential equations, which are not treated here. The presentation draws on geometrical intuition wherever appropriate, supported by a large number of illustrations. Numerous exercises are included for further practice and improved understanding. This text will appeal to undergraduate and graduate students as well as researchers in mathematics, computer science, science, and engineering. At the same time it is addressed to practical computational scientists who, via self-study, wish to become acquainted with modern concepts of numerical analysis and scientific computing on an elementary level. Sole prerequisite is undergraduate knowledge in Linear Algebra and Calculus.

From Newton's Law of Gravity to the Black-Scholes model used by bankers to predict the markets, equations, are everywhere -- and they are fundamental to everyday life.Seventeen Equations that Changed the World examines seventeen ground-breaking equations that have altered the course of human history. He explores how Pythagoras's Theorem led to GPS and Satnav; how logarithms are applied in architecture; why imaginary numbers were important in the development of the digital camera, and what is really going on with Schroedinger's cat. Entertaining, surprising and vastly informative, Seventeen Equations that Changed the World is a highly original exploration -- and explanation -- of life on earth.

From reviews of the German edition: "This is an exciting text and a refreshing contribution to an area in which challenges continue to flourish and to captivate the viewer. Even though representation theory and constructions of simple groups have been omitted, the text serves as a springboard for deeper study in many directions. One who completes this text not only gains an appreciation of both the depth and the breadth of the theory of finite groups, but also witnesses the evolutionary development of concepts that form a basis for current investigations. This is accomplished by providing a thread that permits a natural flow from one concept to another rather than compartmentalizing. Operators on sets and groups are introduced early and used effectively throughout. The bibliography provides excellent supplemental support...The text is tight; there is no fluff. The format builds on concepts essential for later expansion and associated reading. On occasion, results are stated without proof; continuity is maintained. Several proofs are provided free of representation theory on which the originals were based. More generally the proofs are direct, perhaps at times brief. The focus is on the underlying structural components, with selected details left to the reader. As a result the reader develops the maturity required for approaching the literature with confidence. The first eight chapters have an abundance of exercises, not prorated, and some of the more challenging are addressed later in the text. Due to the nature of the material, fewer exercises appear in the remaining chapters." (H. Bechtell, Mathematical Reviews)