This solid volume discusses all the key topics in detail, including classification, orbit structure, representations, universal constructions, and abstract analogues. Open problems are discussed as they arise and many useful exercises are included.

This volume contains a selection of papers presented at the 1991 Conrad Conference, held in Gainesville, Florida, USA, in December, 1991. Together, these give an overview of some recent advances in the area of ordered algebraic structures. The first part of the book is devoted to ordered permutation groups and universal, as well as model-theoretic, aspects. The second part deals with material variously connected to general topology and functional analysis. Collectively, the contents of the book demonstrate the wide applicability of order-theoretic methods, and how ordered algebraic structures have connections with many research disciplines. For researchers and graduate students whose work involves ordered algebraic structures.

This volume presents a multi-dimensional collection of articles highlighting recent developments in commutative algebra. It also includes an extensive bibliography and lists a substantial number of open problems that point to future directions of research in the represented subfields. The contributions cover areas in commutative algebra that have flourished in the last few decades and are not yet well represented in book form. Highlighted topics and research methods include Noetherian and non- Noetherian ring theory as well as integer-valued polynomials and functions. Specific topics include: * Homological dimensions of Prufer-like rings * Quasi complete rings * Total graphs of rings * Properties of prime ideals over various rings * Bases for integer-valued polynomials * Boolean subrings * The portable property of domains * Probabilistic topics in Intn(D) * Closure operations in Zariski-Riemann spaces of valuation domains * Stability of domains * Non-Noetherian grade * Homotopy in integer-valued polynomials * Localizations of global properties of rings * Topics in integral closure * Monoids and submonoids of domains The book includes twenty articles written by many of the most prominent researchers in the field. Most contributions are authored by attendees of the conference in commutative algebra held at the Graz University of Technology in December 2012. There is also a small collection of invited articles authored by those who did not attend the conference. Following the model of the Graz conference, the volume contains a number of comprehensive survey articles along with related research articles featuring recent results that have not yet been published elsewhere.

This monograph is devoted to various types of algebras of functions with n variables. It is the first complete monograph (in English) on this topic, covering mainly the Russian literature. It is addressed to all algebraists working in the area of universal algebras, semigroup theory, etc. It is also a useful source of information for graduate and PhD students who are starting their research in this area. The book is the first monograph in the English mathematical literature which provides readers with a very systematical study of the notion of Menger algebras, and its generalizations and applications. The results presented here were originally published mostly in the Russian literature: In 2006, the first version of this book was edited in Russian and it is now presented in an extended version, where two new and very important chapters are added. The monograph is a broad survey of unknown or little-known Russian literature on algebras of multiplace functions and presents to the mathematical community a beautiful and strongly developing theory.

Proceedings of the Vth Nordic Summer School in Mathematics in Oslo, August 5-25, 1970

The aim of the Expositions is to present new and important developments in pure and applied mathematics. Well established in the community over more than two decades, the series offers a large library of mathematical works, including several important classics. The volumes supply thorough and detailed expositions of the methods and ideas essential to the topics in question. In addition, they convey their relationships to other parts of mathematics. The series is addressed to advanced readers interested in a thorough study of the subject. Editorial Board Lev Birbrair, Universidade Federal do Ceara, Fortaleza, Brasil Walter D. Neumann, Columbia University, New York, USA Markus J. Pflaum, University of Colorado, Boulder, USA Dierk Schleicher, Jacobs University, Bremen, Germany Katrin Wendland, University of Freiburg, Germany Honorary Editor Victor P. Maslov, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia Titles in planning include Yuri A. Bahturin, Identical Relations in Lie Algebras (2019) Yakov G. Berkovich, Lev G. Kazarin, and Emmanuel M. Zhmud', Characters of Finite Groups, Volume 2 (2019) Jorge Herbert Soares de Lira, Variational Problems for Hypersurfaces in Riemannian Manifolds (2019) Volker Mayer, Mariusz Urbanski, and Anna Zdunik, Random and Conformal Dynamical Systems (2021) Ioannis Diamantis, Bostjan Gabrovsek, Sofia Lambropoulou, and Maciej Mroczkowski, Knot Theory of Lens Spaces (2021)

This volume contains one invited lecture which was presented by the 1994 Fields Medal ist Professor E. Zelmanov and twelve other papers which were presented at the Third International Conference on Algebra and Their Related Topics at Chang Jung Christian University, Tainan, Republic of China, during the period June 26-July 1, 200l. All papers in this volume have been refereed by an international referee board and we would like to express our deepest thanks to all the referees who were so helpful and punctual in submitting their reports. Thanks are also due to the Promotion and Research Center of National Science Council of Republic of China and the Chang Jung Christian University for their generous financial support of this conference. The spirit of this conference is a continuation of the last two International Tainan Moscow Algebra Workshop on Algebras and Their Related Topics which were held in the mid-90's of the last century. The purpose of this very conference was to give a clear picture of the recent development and research in the fields of different kinds of algebras both in Taiwan and in the rest ofthe world, especially say, Russia" Europe, North America and South America. Thus, we were hoping to enhance the possibility of future cooperation in research work among the algebraists ofthe five continents. Here we would like to point out that this algebra gathering will constantly be held in the future in the southern part of Taiwan."

Finite Fields are fundamental structures of Discrete Mathematics. They serve as basic data structures in pure disciplines like Finite Geometries and Combinatorics, and also have aroused much interest in applied disciplines like Coding Theory and Cryptography. A look at the topics of the proceed ings volume of the Third International Conference on Finite Fields and Their Applications (Glasgow, 1995) (see [18]), or at the list of references in I. E. Shparlinski's book [47] (a recent extensive survey on the Theory of Finite Fields with particular emphasis on computational aspects), shows that the area of Finite Fields goes through a tremendous development. The central topic of the present text is the famous Normal Basis Theo rem, a classical result from field theory, stating that in every finite dimen sional Galois extension E over F there exists an element w whose conjugates under the Galois group of E over F form an F-basis of E (i. e. , a normal basis of E over F; w is called free in E over F). For finite fields, the Nor mal Basis Theorem has first been proved by K. Hensel [19] in 1888. Since normal bases in finite fields in the last two decades have been proved to be very useful for doing arithmetic computations, at present, the algorithmic and explicit construction of (particular) such bases has become one of the major research topics in Finite Field Theory.

For almost two decades this has been the classical textbook on applications of operator algebra theory to quantum statistical physics. It describes the general structure of equilibrium states, the KMS-condition and stability, quantum spin systems and continuous systems.Major changes in the new edition relate to Bose--Einstein condensation, the dynamics of the X-Y model and questions on phase transitions. Notes and remarks have been considerably augmented.

This volume is the proceedings of the conference on Automorphic Representations, L-functions and Applications: Progress and Prospects, held at the Department of Mathematics of The Ohio State University, March 27-30, 2003, in honor of the 60th birthday of Steve Rallis. The theory of automorphic representations, automorphic L-functions and their applications to arithmetic continues to be an area of vigorous and fruitful research. The contributed papers in this volume represent many of the most recent developments and directions, including Rankin-Selberg L-functions (Bump, Ginzburg-Jiang-Rallis, Lapid-Rallis) the relative trace formula (Jacquet, Mao-Rallis) automorphic representations (Gan-Gurevich, Ginzburg-Rallis-Soudry) representation theory of p-adic groups (Baruch, Kudla-Rallis, Moeglin, Cogdell-Piatetski-Shapiro-Shahidi) p-adic methods (Harris-Li-Skinner, Vigneras), and arithmetic applications (Chinta-Friedberg-Hoffstein). The survey articles by Bump, on the Rankin-Selberg method, and by Jacquet, on the relative trace formula, should be particularly useful as an introduction to the key ideas about these important topics. This volume should be of interest both to researchers and students in the area of automorphic representations, as well as to mathematicians in other areas interested in having an overview of current developments in this important field.

This book discusses the application of independent continuous mapping method in predicting and the optimization of the mechanical performance of buckling with displacement, stress and static constrains. Each model is explained by mathematical theories and followed by simulation with frequently-used softwares. With abundant project data, the book is an essential reference for mechanical engineers, structural engineers and industrial designers.

Here, the eminent algebraist, Nathan Jacobsen, concentrates on those algebras that have an involution. Although they appear in many contexts, these algebras first arose in the study of the so-called "multiplication algebras of Riemann matrices". Of particular interest are the Jordan algebras determined by such algebras, and thus their structure is discussed in detail. Two important concepts also dealt with are the universal enveloping algebras and the reduced norm. However, the largest part of the book is the fifth chapter, which focuses on involutorial simple algebras of finite dimension over a field.

Linear algebra is growing in importance. 3D entertainment, animations in movies and video games are developed using linear algebra. Animated characters are generated using equations straight out of this book. Linear algebra is used to extract knowledge from the massive amounts of data generated from modern technology. The Fourth Edition of this popular text introduces linear algebra in a comprehensive, geometric, and algorithmic way. The authors start with the fundamentals in 2D and 3D, then move on to higher dimensions, expanding on the fundamentals and introducing new topics, which are necessary for many real-life applications and the development of abstract thought. Applications are introduced to motivate topics. The subtitle, A Geometry Toolbox, hints at the book's geometric approach, which is supported by many sketches and figures. Furthermore, the book covers applications of triangles, polygons, conics, and curves. Examples demonstrate each topic in action. This practical approach to a linear algebra course, whether through classroom instruction or self-study, is unique to this book. New to the Fourth Edition: Ten new application sections. A new section on change of basis. This concept now appears in several places. Chapters 14-16 on higher dimensions are notably revised. A deeper look at polynomials in the gallery of spaces. Introduces the QR decomposition and its relevance to least squares. Similarity and diagonalization are given more attention, as are eigenfunctions. A longer thread on least squares, running from orthogonal projections to a solution via SVD and the pseudoinverse. More applications for PCA have been added. More examples, exercises, and more on the kernel and general linear spaces. A list of applications has been added in Appendix A. The book gives instructors the option of tailoring the course for the primary interests of their students: mathematics, engineering, science, computer graphics, and geometric modeling.

This two-volume work introduces the theory and applications of Schur-convex functions. The first volume introduces concepts and properties of Schur-convex functions, including Schur-geometrically convex functions, Schur-harmonically convex functions, Schur-power convex functions, etc. and also discusses applications of Schur-convex functions in symmetric function inequalities.

Outliers play an important, though underestimated, role in control engineering. Traditionally they are unseen and neglected. In opposition, industrial practice gives frequent examples of their existence and their mostly negative impacts on the control quality. The origin of outliers is never fully known. Some of them are generated externally to the process (exogenous), like for instance erroneous observations, data corrupted by control systems or the effect of human intervention. Such outliers appear occasionally with some unknow probability shifting real value often to some strange and nonsense value. They are frequently called deviants, anomalies or contaminants. In most cases we are interested in their detection and removal. However, there exists the second kind of outliers. Quite often strange looking data observations are not artificial data occurrences. They may be just representatives of the underlying generation mechanism being inseparable internal part of the process (endogenous outliers). In such a case they are not wrong and should be treated with cautiousness, as they may include important information about the dynamic nature of the process. As such they cannot be neglected nor simply removed. The Outlier should be detected, labelled and suitably treated. These activities cannot be performed without proper analytical tools and modeling approaches. There are dozens of methods proposed by scientists, starting from Gaussian-based statistical scoring up to data mining artificial intelligence tools. The research presented in this book presents novel approach incorporating non-Gaussian statistical tools and fractional calculus approach revealing new data analytics applied to this important and challenging task. The proposed book includes a collection of contributions addressing different yet cohesive subjects, like dynamic modelling, classical control, advanced control, fractional calculus, statistical analytics focused on an ultimate goal: robust and outlier-proof analysis. All studied problems show that outliers play an important role and classical methods, in which outlier are not taken into account, do not give good results. Applications from different engineering areas are considered such as semiconductor process control and monitoring, MIMO peltier temperature control and health monitoring, networked control systems, and etc.

The contributions by leading experts in this book focus on a variety of topics of current interest related to information-based complexity, ranging from function approximation, numerical integration, numerical methods for the sphere, and algorithms with random information, to Bayesian probabilistic numerical methods and numerical methods for stochastic differential equations.

This self-contained book offers a new and direct approach to the theories of special functions with emphasis on spherical symmetry in Euclidean spaces of arbitrary dimensions. Based on many years of lecturing to mathematicians, physicists and engineers in scientific research institutions in Europe and the USA, the author uses elementary concepts to present the spherical harmonics in a theory of invariants of the orthogonal group. One of the highlights is the extension of the classical results of the spherical harmonics into the complex - particularly important for the complexification of the Funk-Hecke formula which successfully leads to new integrals for Bessel- and Hankel functions with many applications of Fourier integrals and Radon transforms. Numerous exercises stimulate mathematical ingenuity and bridge the gap between well-known elementary results and their appearance in the new formations.

Iterative Splitting Methods for Differential Equations explains how to solve evolution equations via novel iterative-based splitting methods that efficiently use computational and memory resources. It focuses on systems of parabolic and hyperbolic equations, including convection-diffusion-reaction equations, heat equations, and wave equations.

In the theoretical part of the book, the author discusses the main theorems and results of the stability and consistency analysis for ordinary differential equations. He then presents extensions of the iterative splitting methods to partial differential equations and spatial- and time-dependent differential equations.

The practical part of the text applies the methods to benchmark and real-life problems, such as waste disposal, elastics wave propagation, and complex flow phenomena. The book also examines the benefits of equation decomposition. It concludes with a discussion on several useful software packages, including r3t and FIDOS.

Covering a wide range of theoretical and practical issues in multiphysics and multiscale problems, this book explores the benefits of using iterative splitting schemes to solve physical problems. It illustrates how iterative operator splitting methods are excellent decomposition methods for obtaining higher-order accuracy.

This volume comprises both research and survey articles originating from the conference on Arithmetic and Geometry around Quantization held in Istanbul in 2006. A wide range of topics related to quantization are covered, thus aiming to give a glimpse of a broad subject in very different perspectives.

Approach your problems from the right end It isn't that they can't see the solution. It is and begin with the answers. Then one day, that they can't see the problem. perhaps you will find the final question. G. K. Chesterton. The Scandal of Father 'The Hermit Gad in Crane Feathers' in R. Brown 'The point of a Pin'. van Gulik's The Chinese Maze Murders. Growing specialization and diversification have brought a host of monographs and textbooks on increasingly specialized topics. However, the "tree" of knowledge of mathematics and related fields does not grow only by putting forth new branches. It also happens, quite often in fact, that branches which were thought to be completely disparate are suddenly seen to be related. Further, the kind and level of s9phistication of mathematics applied in various sciences has changed drastically in recent years: measure theory is used (non trivially) in regional and theoretical economics; algebraic geometry interacts with physics; the Minkowsky lemma, coding theory and the structure of water meet one another in packing and covering theory; quantum fields, crystal defects and mathematical programming profit from homotopy theory; Lie algebras are relevant to filtering; and prediction and electrical engineering can use Stein spaces. And in addition to this there are such new emerging subdisciplines as "experimental mathematics," "CFD," "completely integrable systems," "chaos, synergetics and large-scale order," which are almost impossible to fit into the existing classification schemes. They draw upon widely different sections of mathematics."

This impressive volume is dedicated to Mel Nathanson, a leading authoritative expert for several decades in the area of combinatorial and additive number theory. For several decades, Mel Nathanson's seminal ideas and results in combinatorial and additive number theory have influenced graduate students and researchers alike. The invited survey articles in this volume reflect the work of distinguished mathematicians in number theory, and represent a wide range of important topics in current research.

This book describes the solution of electrodynamic boundary problems, which arose in the practical life of a designer. Only a few problems can be solved analytically and some of these solutions are given in the book, for example, the computation of a strip line in a rectangular or circular cylinder capacitance. Practical lines' configurations require computational work. As the authors' practice shows, the use of Green functions, leading to singular integral equations, is a powerful and pretty universal method to solve different boundary problems, including electrodynamic ones. The book presents the results of computations of microstrip lines on magnetized (longitudinally and transversally) ferrite and semiconductor substrates taking into account all the geometric sizes. The properties of gyrotropic media are described in the book for the reader's convenience. The geometrical shape may be practically any. The integral equations are exact and give the proper field near the edges. Actually, the use of singular integral equations reduces the experimental verification to minimum. The book will be useful for students, engineers, designers and researchers. It contains a lot of computed results, which are verified experimentally and can be used immediately.

This is a self-contained introduction to algebraic curves over finite fields and geometric Goppa codes. There are four main divisions in the book. The first is a brief exposition of basic concepts and facts of the theory of error-correcting codes (Part I). The second is a complete presentation of the theory of algebraic curves, especially the curves defined over finite fields (Part II). The third is a detailed description of the theory of classical modular curves and their reduction modulo a prime number (Part III). The fourth (and basic) is the construction of geometric Goppa codes and the production of asymptotically good linear codes coming from algebraic curves over finite fields (Part IV). The theory of geometric Goppa codes is a fascinating topic where two extremes meet: the highly abstract and deep theory of algebraic (specifically modular) curves over finite fields and the very concrete problems in the engineering of information transmission. At the present time there are two essentially different ways to produce asymptotically good codes coming from algebraic curves over a finite field with an extremely large number of rational points. The first way, developed by M. A. Tsfasman, S. G. Vladut and Th. Zink [210], is rather difficult and assumes a serious acquaintance with the theory of modular curves and their reduction modulo a prime number. The second way, proposed recently by A.