This book introduces the techniques of Instrumental Analysis with respect to fundamental basics, technical realization, key applications, major strengths, and limitations. The approach used is to highlight differences and consolidate similarities of the techniques, focusing especially on the viewpoint of the laboratory rather than on the scientific ideal or the limits of what is possible.

Atmospheric aerosols are an important and a highly complex component of the Earth's atmosphere that alter the radiative forcing and the chemical composition of the gas phase. These effects have impacts on local air quality and the global climate. Atmospheric Aerosol Chemistry outlines research fi ndings to date in aerosol chemistry and advances in analytical tools used in laboratory settings for studying their surface and bulk reactivity.

This book explains the correct logical approach to analysis of forensic scientific evidence. The focus is on general methods of analysis applicable to all forms of evidence. It starts by explaining the general principles and then applies them to issues in DNA and other important forms of scientific evidence as examples. Like the first edition, the book analyses real legal cases and judgments rather than hypothetical examples and shows how the problems perceived in those cases would have been solved by a correct logical approach. The book is written to be understood both by forensic scientists preparing their evidence and by lawyers and judges who have to deal with it. The analysis is tied back both to basic scientific principles and to the principles of the law of evidence. This book will also be essential reading for law students taking evidence or forensic science papers and science students studying the application of their scientific specialisation to forensic questions.

A range of factors must be considered when developing a topical antimicrobial for use in a healthcare personnel handwash, surgical scrub, or preoperative skin preparation. Antimicrobial effectiveness, low skin irritation, ease of use, and pleasing aesthetics are all essential if the product is to succeed. In addition, all facets of the product must comply with stringent regulatory requirements. With updated protocols and research, Topical Antimicrobials Testing and Evaluation, Second Edition comprehensively presents and reviews the latest techniques for testing antimicrobial compounds for effectiveness and regulatory compliance. Topics include: The anatomical structure of the skin and skin microbiology relevant to product testing Use of antimicrobial products against specific microorganisms such as Staphylococcus and Streptococcus species Measurement of antimicrobial action of topical antimicrobials from experimental design, microbiological, biostatistical, and marketplace perspectives Various aspects of the topical antimicrobial products currently in common use in medical, food service, and consumer markets Statistical analysis and specific statistical designs for clinical trials Epistemological requirements in evaluating the effects of specific treatments Evaluation strategies and sample working protocols for hand and body soaps, food-handler antimicrobial products, and medical/healthcare industry antimicrobial products The book is designed to inform industry and academia on the requirements to get products approved by the FDA and to market while also providing critical insight on ways to best service expanding markets.

The use of silicon-based microsystems for chemical analysis is one of the most promising concepts in the recent developments in micro system technology (MST). It is expected that chemical sensors will be increasingly integrated in so-called miniaturized total analysis systems (uTAS), a concept first presented by Ciba-Geigy. In such systems, all steps in a chemical determination, from sampling to detection and data treatment, are integrated in one miniature instrument. uTAS offer a variety of advantages over conventional analysis systems such as improved analytical performance, reduced reagent and power consumption, small size, possibility of new and more complicated functions, higher reliability and lower fabrication costs. Application of uTAS may be found in fields like process industry, environmental monitoring, medical diagnostics, aeronautics, automotive industry, and more.

This fully updated edition provides a broad approach to the surface analysis of polymers being of high technological interest. Modern analytical techniques, potential applications and recent advances in instrumental apparatus are discussed. The self-consistent chapters are devoted to spectroscopic and microscopic techniques which represent powerful tools for the characterization of morphology and chemical, physical, mechanical properties of polymer surfaces, interfaces, and thin fi lms. Selection of techniques which can properly address very shallow depth of surfaces, spanning from few angstroms to tens of nanometers Interaction of polymer surfaces with their surroundings is pointed out as a critical issue for specifi c applications

FORENSIC CHEMISTRY FUNDAMENTALS strives to help scientists & lawyers, & students, understand how their two disciplines come together for forensic science, in the contexts of analytical chemistry & related science more generally, and the common law systems of Canada, USA, UK, the Commonwealth. In this book, forensics is considered more generally than as only for criminal law; workplace health & safety, and other areas are included. And, two issues of Canadian legal process are argued as essays in the fi nal two chapters.

The fully up-dated edition of the two-volume work covers both the theoretical foundation as well as the practical aspects. Presenting the complete insight into driving a chemical reaction provides a deep understanding for new potential technologies. Updated overview on devices and new key concepts of experimental procedures. Vol. 2: Applications.

The fully up-dated edition of the two-volume work covers both the theoretical foundation as well as the practical aspects. A strong insight in driving a chemical reaction is crucial for a deeper understanding of new potential technologies. New procedures for warranty of safety and green principles are discussed. Vol. 1: Fundamentals.

The textbook is based on the APPLIED use of laboratory instrumentation and apparatus in practice in the real working world with absolute minimum use of complex calculations and mathematics. Instrumental theory is kept to a minimum, with useful practical hints and unbiased instruction on lab instruments' capabilities and operations. All text is in simple to understand language of the complexities of chemical analyses.

Detectors for Liquid Chromatography Edited by Edward S. Yeung Written by an expert in the field, this comprehensive guide explains the basic principles behind detector response instrumentation and selected applications. Early chapters cover absorption detectors for high performance liquid chromatography, FTIR detection, indirect absorbance detectors, fluorometric detection, and polarimetric detectors. Coverage continues with detection based on electrical and electrochemical measurements, mass spectrometry as an online detector for HPLC, and miscellaneous methods. 1986 0 471-82169-1 366 pp. Small Bore High Performance Liquid Chromatography Edited by Raymond R. W. Scott A state-of-the-art guide that demonstrates how to design, construct, and pack optimized small bore columns, the center of any chromatography system. Case examples show the use of these columns for high resolution, very fast analysis, and special methods for molecular weight determinations. Applications from a wide range of industrial and forensic analyses aid in developing sophistication in a number of useful techniques. The book provides essential information on topics such as calculating the minimum column radius, detectors, and molecular diffusion. Includes 92 illustrations and 14 tables to enhance explanations of microbore HPLC methods. 1984 0 471-80052-X 271 pp. Reversed-Phase High Performance Liquid Chromatography: Theory, Practice, and Biomedical Applications Ante M. Krstulovic and Phyllis R. Brown Reversed-phase liquid chromatography has increased tremendously in popularity over the past ten years. Estimates show that more than 80 per cent of all HPLC separations are performed using this technique. This book covers both theoretical aspects of RPLC and practical information needed in diverse areas of research; it also contains a review of the RPLC applications in the biomedical/biochemical field, with references and collateral readings. Material is presented in a practical, problem-solving manner and should be immensely useful in theoretical aspects of RPLC and all areas of scientific research, particularly the biomedical/biochemical field, where RPLC has made its largest impact. 1982 0 471-05369-4 296 pp.

The Essential Reference for the Field, Featuring Protocols, Analysis, Fundamentals, and the Latest Advances Impedance Spectroscopy: Theory, Experiment, and Applications provides a comprehensive reference for graduate students, researchers, and engineers working in electrochemistry, physical chemistry, and physics. Covering both fundamentals concepts and practical applications, this unique reference provides a level of understanding that allows immediate use of impedance spectroscopy methods. Step-by-step experiment protocols with analysis guidance lend immediate relevance to general principles, while extensive figures and equations aid in the understanding of complex concepts. Detailed discussion includes the best measurement methods and identifying sources of error, and theoretical considerations for modeling, equivalent circuits, and equations in the complex domain are provided for most subjects under investigation. Written by a team of expert contributors, this book provides a clear understanding of impedance spectroscopy in general as well as the essential skills needed to use it in specific applications. Extensively updated to reflect the field's latest advances, this new Third Edition: Incorporates the latest research, and provides coverage of new areas in which impedance spectroscopy is gaining importance Discusses the application of impedance spectroscopy to viscoelastic rubbery materials and biological systems Explores impedance spectroscopy applications in electrochemistry, semiconductors, solid electrolytes, corrosion, solid state devices, and electrochemical power sources Examines both the theoretical and practical aspects, and discusses when impedance spectroscopy is and is not the appropriate solution to an analysis problem Researchers and engineers will find value in the immediate practicality, while students will appreciate the hands-on approach to impedance spectroscopy methods. Retaining the reputation it has gained over years as a primary reference, Impedance Spectroscopy: Theory, Experiment, and Applications once again present a comprehensive reference reflecting the current state of the field.

"Pharmacology for Chemists, Second Edition" is aimed at industrial and academic organic chemists holding advanced degrees who are entering the field of medicinal chemistry, and who have had little or no education in or exposure to the biological sciences, especially physiology and pharmacology. The first portion of this book concentrates on biological/pharmacological principles and concepts, and the second portion demonstrates how these concepts and principles are applicable to the medicinal chemists efforts, by describing some selected categories of drugs as examples. The book is not intended to be a textbook of pharmacology, but rather is intended to serve as a tool to prepare the reader for further study and more in depth reading.

Bioanalytical chemistry plays today a central role in various fields, from healthcare to food and environmental control. This book presents the main methodologies for analyzing biomacromolecules, with a focus on methods based on molecular recognition. The six chapters move from fundamentals to the most recent advances, achieved by a synergetic combination of bio and nanotechnologies. The need for rapid and reliable analytical tools able to perform a large number of quantitative analyses, not only in centralized laboratories and core facilities but also for point-of-care testing, has been dramatically stressed by the recent crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. The aim of the authors is to provide graduate students and young researchers with the elements of interdisciplinary knowledge necessary not only to use the wide arsenal of bioanalytical tools available today but also to contribute to the development of even more effective devices and methods.

This book highlights many of the latest developments and trends in engineering chemistry research and describes the respective tools to characterize and predict properties and behavior of materials. The book provides original, theoretical, and important experimental results which use non-routine methodologies and presents chapters on novel applications of more familiar experimental techniques and analyses of composite problems which indicate the need for new experimental approaches presented. Technical and technological development demands the creation of new materials that are stronger, more reliable and more durable, i.e. materials with new properties. This volume presents new research that will help lead to new and better materials. Each chapter describes the principle of the respective method as well as the detailed procedures of experiments with examples of actual applications presented. Thus, readers will be able to apply the concepts as described in the book to their own experiments. Experts in each of the areas covered have reviewed the state of the art, thus creating a book that will be useful to readers at all levels in academic, industry, and research institutions. Engineers, polymer scientists, and technicians will find this volume useful in selecting approaches and techniques applicable to characterizing molecular, compositional, rheological, and thermodynamic properties of elastomers and plastics.

Robert Boyle (1627-1691) believed that a reductionist conception of the mechanical philosophy threatened the heuristic power and autonomy of chemistry as an experimental science. While some historical and philosophical scholars have examined his nuanced position, understanding the chemical philosophy he developed through his own experimental work is incredibly difficult even for experts in the field. In The Chemical Philosophy of Robert Boyle, Marina Paola Banchetti-Robino energetically explains Boyle's ideas in a whole new light and proposes that Boyle regarded chemical qualities as non-reducible dispositional and relational properties that emerge from, and supervene upon, the mechanistic structure of chymical atoms. Banchetti-Robino demonstrates that these ideas are implicit in Boyle's writing, making his philosophical contributions crucial to the fields of both philosophy and chemistry. The arguments presented are further strengthened by a detailed mereological analysis of Boylean chymical atoms as chemically elementary entities, which establishes the theory of wholes and parts that is most consistent with an emergentist conception of chemical properties. More generally, this book examines the way in which Boyle sought to accommodate his complex chemical philosophy within the framework of the 17th century mechanistic theory of matter. Banchetti-Robino conceptualizes Boyle's experimental work as a scientific research programme, in the Lakatosian sense, to better explain the positive and negative heuristic function of the mechanistic theory of matter within his chemical philosophy. The Chemical Philosophy of Robert Boyle actively engages with the contemporary and lively debates over the nature of Boyle's ideas about structural chemistry, fundamental mechanistic particles and properties, the explanatory power of subordinate causes, the complex relation between fundamental particles, natural kinds, and unified chemical wholes. The book is a rich historical account that begins with the dominant paradigms of 16th and 17th Century chemical philosophy and takes readers all the way through to the 21st Century.

Vol. 1 of Chemoinformatics of Natural Products presents an overview of natural products chemistry, discussing the chemical space of naturally occurring compounds, followed by an overview of computational methods.

This work introduces into the chemistry, materials science and technology of Rare Earth Elements. The chapters by experienced lecturers describe comprehensively the recent studies of their characteristics, properties and applications in functional materials. Due to the broad range of covered topics as hydrogen storage materials, LEDs or permanent magnets this work gives an up-to-date presentation of this fascinating research.

Food Science and Technology: Trends and Future Prospects presents different aspects of food science i.e., food microbiology, food chemistry, nutrition, process engineering that should be applied for selection, preservation, processing, packaging, and distribution of quality food. The authors focus on the fundamental aspects of food and also highlight emerging technology and innovations that are changing the food industry. The chapters are written by leading researchers, lecturers, and experts in food chemistry, food microbiology, biotechnology, nutrition, and management. This book is valuable for researchers and students in food science and technology and it is also useful for food industry professionals, food entrepreneurs, and farmers.

Developments in cryo-electron microscopy are creating new opportunities within structural biology and there is currently great interest in developing cryo-EM as a core tool for atomic level structural biology. Many structural techniques can give atomic or near atomic level information, but lack the ability to study proteins within a near-native environment, for example within a cellular compartment. Cryo-EM provides this opportunity, but despite the recent massive improvements in single particle cryo-EM, obtaining sub-2A structural information is still a major challenge. Cryo-electron microscopy has undergone significant developments in microscope design, camera technology and data processing regimes, but there are significant challenges that remain and opportunities to explore, many of which must be tackled by the community as a whole, rather than by individual groups. For example, sample preparation is central to electron microscopy and is currently a significant bottleneck in many experiments, and there are significant problems with ensuring the integrity of the field in terms of dealing with inherently low signal-to-noise images. This volume brings together leading researchers from the UK and the international cryo-electron microscopy community to discuss current developments and new challenges in the field. In this volume the topics covered include: Sample preparation in single particle cryo-EM Pushing the limits in single particle cryo-EM Tomographic analysis, CLEM Map/model validation and machine learning in EM