This book intends to provide information about detection and health effects due to bacteria, fungi and viruses in indoor environments. The book will cover also information about preventive and protective measures to avoid health-hazardous. Case studies will be also addressed to enrich the book with the expertise of each invited author. The book also intends to fill a gap regarding information about all biologic agents, since most of the books available are dedicated to only one type of microorganisms. For various different biologic agents and metabolites this book will compile information about indoors presence, detection methods, exposure assessment and health effects. Several problems regarding the exposure of biologic agents will be presented through case studies, and also the implementation of preventive and protective measures to avoid/minimize exposure. Besides, all the book will focus on occupational health and/or public health point of view.

This book covers the latest development in the biotechnological application of extremophiles. Along with this the impact of climate change and environmental pollution on loss of diversity of extremophiles is also discussed. This is crucial as the loss of this diversity is related with the loss of many bioactive compounds and bacteria of ecological importance. This volume outlines applications of extremophiles in biotechnology, nanotechnology, and bioremediation.

This edited book deals with latest comprehensive information on conventional and high throughput techniques and technologies that are recently used to study plant microbial interface for agricultural research and enhancing plant productivity. Plant microbiota are important for many plant growth promotion activity and agricultural productivity and are sustainable green technology for enhancing agricultural productivity under changing environment. The book covers recent information about the plant associated microbiota and their ecology. It discusses technologies to isolate and test microbiota inhabiting in different portion of plants. The book explores the conventional methods as well as the most recently recognized high throughput technologies which are important for productive agroecosystems to feed the growing global population. This book is of interest to teachers, researchers, microbiologist, plant and environmental scientist and those interested in environment stewardship around the world. Also the book serves as additional reading material for undergraduate and graduate students of agriculture, forestry, ecology, soil science, and environmental sciences and policy makers to be a useful to read.

The ongoing global climate change triggered by greenhouse gas growth has had a significant effect on the microbial dynamics of plants and soils. This volume explores the various microbial responses of plants and soils caused directly or indirectly by climate change resulting from rising greenhouse gases and other factors. The book considers the rapidly changing environment and the important role of microbiomes in restoring soil and plant health and in creating sustainable approaches. It discusses the adaptation and mitigation of plants and soils, specifically addressing such topics as biogeochemical processes, antimicrobial resistance, the dynamics of bacteria and fungus in extreme environments, bacterial siderophores for sustainability, and more. The volume also looks at edaphic and regeneration performance of tree species in the temperate forests.

Food Safety Engineering is the first reference work to provide up-to-date coverage of the advanced technologies and strategies for the engineering of safe foods. Researchers, laboratory staff and food industry professionals with an interest in food engineering safety will find a singular source containing all of the needed information required to understand this rapidly advancing topic. The text lays a solid foundation for solving microbial food safety problems, developing advanced thermal and non-thermal technologies, designing food safety preventive control processes and sustainable operation of the food safety preventive control processes. The first section of chapters presents a comprehensive overview of food microbiology from foodborne pathogens to detection methods. The next section focuses on preventative practices, detailing all of the major manufacturing processes assuring the safety of foods including Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP), Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP), Hazard Analysis and Risk-Based Preventive Controls (HARPC), food traceability, and recalls. Further sections provide insights into plant layout and equipment design, and maintenance. Modeling and process design are covered in depth. Conventional and novel preventive controls for food safety include the current and emerging food processing technologies. Further sections focus on such important aspects as aseptic packaging and post-packaging technologies. With its comprehensive scope of up-to-date technologies and manufacturing processes, this is a useful and first-of-its kind text for the next generation food safety engineering professionals.

This textbook builds on the success of the earlier edition, offering alternative strategies for discovering new antibiotics. It discusses how the various types of antibiotics and related drugs work to cure infections. Then it delves into the very serious matter of how bacteria are becoming resistant to these antibiotics. It also covers the global action plan on antimicrobial resistance from the World Health Organization and discusses several Antibiotic Stewardship Programs adopted by agencies at local levels. Appropriate for a one-semester course at either the graduate or advanced undergraduate level, the book is self-contained and written in accessible language. It includes all necessary background biochemistry material and a discussion of the latest developments in the field of antibiotics. Original research works are frequently cited and experimental procedures and interpretation of results are emphasized.

In the current era current era of significant innovations, science and technology are powerful tools improving human welfare through prosperity and sustainable development. The development of microbiology based industries in any given country is shaped by the characteristics of its technology-particularly its close relation to scientific knowledge, and by country-specific factors such as the level and nature of the scientific knowledge base, the institutional set-up, and the role assumed by the government, all of which influence the country's ability to exploit the new opportunities. This unique book presents an integrated approach for sustained innovation in various areas of microbiology. Focusing on the industrial and socio-legal implications of IPR in microbiological advances, it offers a comprehensive overview not only of the implications of IPR in omics-based research but also of the ethical and intellectual standards and how these can be developed for sustained innovation. The book is divided into three sections discussing current advances in microbiological innovations, recent intellectual property issues in agricultural, and pharmaceutical microbiology respectively. Integrating science and business, it offers a glimpse behind the scenes of the microbiology industry, and provides a detailed analysis of the foundations of the present day industry for students and professionals alike.

Begomoviruses are one of the most interesting plant viruses to study for basic and applied research as they cause huge economic losses to agriculture industries and farmers all over the world. They belong to family Geminiviridae and are emergent plant viral pathogens which cause diseases in various crops in the tropical and subtropical regions. They are transmitted by the whitefly (B. tabaci) and have either one (monopartite DNA-A) or two (bipartite DNA-A and DNA-B) genomic components. DNA-A and DNA-B are of ~2600 - 2800 nucleotides each. A number of serious diseases of cultivated crops of the Fabaceae, Malvaceae, Solanaceae and Cucurbitaceae families are caused by Begomoviruses which are considered as threat to their cultivation in many countries. Accurate diagnosis is important for successful diseases management, since plants infected by Begomovirus do not recover, suffer serious yield losses and act as further sources of inoculum, which is then picked up and spread by their vector whitefly (B. tabaci). Reports of occurrence of new viruses and re-emergence of several known viruses in new niches have become regular event. In such a dynamic system, growth of several crop species relies on an accurate diagnosis, management and better understanding of the biology of the casual virus. This is crucial to evolve appropriate control practices and to prevent the virus infection. Researchers have achieved considerable progress in characterization, detection and management of virus on different crop species in the last decade. This book covers latest information in diagnosis of begomoviruses in the present scenario and explores the new vistas in the field of genomics and proteomics. Chapters in Section 1 illustrates the occurrence, genome organisation, transmission and diagnostics of begomoviruses. It also details the diseases caused by begomoviruses on different crops, detection techniques and management strategies in support of research findings by presentation of data, graphics, figures and tables. Section 2 is a chapterwise collection of occurrence, diversity and status of begomoviruses in Asian Africa counties where the diseases are most prevalent. This book will provide wide opportunity to the readers to have complete information and status of begomovirus in Asia and Africa. This will be useful resource for researchers and extension workers involved in the begomvirus disease diagnosis and molecular biology. Expert detection, accurate diagnosis and timely management play a significant role in keeping plants free from pathogens. In this book expert researchers share their research knowledge and literature which are vital towards the diagnosis of begomoviruses, addressing traditional plant pathology techniques as well as advanced molecular diagnostic approach. The book deals with the economically important crops including fruits, vegetables along with challenges in crop protection against diseases caused by begomovirus. This will be resourceful and handy for researcher, practitioners and also students.

The limited aqueous solubility of bioactive pharmaceutical ingredients presents a tremendous challenge in the development of new drugs. In recent years, methods have been developed to protect these sensitive bioactive compounds, namely antioxidants, with the aim of increasing the public sanitation grades. Emulsion-based systems are particularly interesting as colloidal delivery encapsulation systems, because they can easily be created from food-grade ingredients using relatively simple processing protocols. It is one of the most favorable delivery systems to increase the solubility of phytochemicals, nutraceuticals and food additives. Emulsion-based Encapsulation of Antioxidants: Design and Performance advances the field of colloid science through the investigation of the effects of formulation and process parameters that influence emulsion production. The book offers a deeper comprehension of the technological and biological aspects of the incorporation of encapsulated compounds in food matrices and explication of their activity. Chapters provide an overview of the status of emulsion-based formulations to encapsulate antioxidants, fabrication, properties, applications, and biological fate with emphasis on systems suitable for utilization within industry. Special emphasis is placed on the antioxidant activity of the carriers being the key advantage of these emulsion-based systems. The main aim of the book is to inspire and to guide fellow scientists and students in this field. Filled with illustrations, figures, case studies, practical examples, and historical perspectives, the book can also be used as a practical handbook or graduate textbook. For industry professionals, the book presents easy-to-achieve approaches to industrial pharmaceutical production.

Advanced Microbial Technology for Sustainable Agriculture and Environment focuses on plant-microbe interactions in respect to bioremediation and plant growth promotion, providing insights on diverse approaches such as genomics, metagenomics, proteomics, bioinformatics and other high-throughput analyses of environmentally relevant microorganisms. The impact of frequent applications of potentially toxic chemicals (pesticides and fertilizers) and increased industrialization processes on microbial diversity emphasizes the potential threat to microbial biodiversity in ecosystems. This is an ideal resource on current trends and the future of PGPR developments with bioremediation potential. Moreover, it gives a deep understanding of the genetics of microbial biodegradation and different remediation mechanisms that help to re-establish the natural environment.

Antibiotics: Therapeutic Spectrum and Limitations provides up-to-date information on managing microbial infections, the development and types of antibiotics, the rationale for utilizing antibiotics, toxicity considerations, and the control of antibiotic resistance in one single resource. This book also aims to provide comprehensive insights and current trends on antibiotic therapies to treat microbial infections, their mechanisms of action, and the role of modern drug delivery in improving their efficacy. Written by leading experts from around the globe, the chapters in the book covers important aspects of microbial infections including hospital acquired infections and community acquired infections and adult sepsis, examines the various types of antibiotics with different mechanisms and therapeutic uses, the global challenge of antibiotic resistance, and clinical trials, regulatory considerations, and market overview of antibiotics. Furthermore, the chapters include updated literature reviews of the relevant key topics, high-quality illustrations, chemical structures, flowcharts, and well-organized tables, all of which enable better understanding by the readers.

New and Future Developments in Microbial Biotechnology and Bioengineering: Microbial Biotechnology in Agro-environmental Sustainability describes, in detail, the various roles of microbial resources in the management of crop diseases and how microbes can be used as a source of income for biomass and bioenergy production. In addition, the book covers microbial inoculants as bio-fertilizers to enhance crop productivity, along with degraded land restoration. Users will find the latest information in the field of microbial biotechnology and its further applications in bio-fertilizers, bio-pesticides, its generation as an alternative source of energy, restoration degraded and marginal lands, the mitigation of global warming gases, and more.

Introduction to Adsorption: Basics, Analysis, and Applications presents adsorption basics that are relevant and essential to its application, including data analysis, interpretation and design calculations. The book deliberately keeps background information to a minimum, instead comprehensively covering adsorption of liquid solutions, the difference between equilibrium individual solute uptake and surface excess, a general discussion of adsorbate uptake mechanisms and uptake rate expression, uptake steps, performance models and their generalizations, application of performance models, and design methods based on the constant behavior assumption and unused bed length concept.

This book focuses on waterborne pathogens and significant diseases occurring along major rivers around the globe, including key examples like the Amazonas, Mekong River and Nile. Written by leading international experts, it offers unique insights into local riverine infection risks in times of global warming, and addressing these through advances in diagnosis, health management and the development of simple but effective control measures. It also sheds light on why former societies collapsed due to transmitted diseases during periods of climate change, droughts and floods, to help establish effective preventive measures for the future. The book appeals to a wide readership, from scientists in the field of parasitology, infectious diseases and epidemiology, to healthcare managers and general readers with an interest in pathogen spread along the largest rivers on earth. It particularly highlights past and current control mechanisms in times of global warming and assesses potential future health hazards.

This book provides a comprehensive review of recent innovations in food science that are being used to tackle the challenges of food safety, nutritional security and sustainability. With a major focus on developing nations, like India, the book is divided into four main sections. The first section provides an overview of the food industry, while the second explores food safety in various segments, with an interesting account of street food safety - an important, yet often neglected aspect for safety parameters. The third section, on nutritional security and sustainability, explores various ways of maximizing nutrition and optimizing waste management in the food industry. The book closes with a section on emerging technologies and innovations, which introduces readers to some of the latest technologies in the food industry, including advances in food processing, packaging, nanotechnology, etc. The topics have been divided into 25 different chapters, which offer a diverse blend of perspectives on innovations in the developing world. Ideally suited for students and researchers in the food sciences, the book is also an interesting read for industry experts in Food Science and Technology.

This volume covers a wide range of up-to-date technologies that have been successfully applied to study the chemosensing behavior of the traditional model species, such as Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium, while being also applicable to a wide spectrum of other species. Beginning with an introduction, the sections of the book explore methods for studying bacterial chemotaxis at the population and whole-cell levels, in vivo analysis of receptor function, cryo-EM methods for studying chemoreceptor structure, as well as intracellular movement of chemosensory proteins, high-throughput methods to screen for novel chemoeffectors, and chemical tools and computer simulations for analyzing chemotaxis. Written for the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, chapters include brief introductions to their topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips for troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and cutting-edge, Bacterial Chemosensing: Methods and Protocols provides an extensive repertoire of approaches that can be extended to understanding chemotaxis, in particular, and chemosensing, in general, in the context of the enormously varied lifestyles adopted in the larger bacterial world.

Lyme borreliosi, s commonly known as lyme disease, is now acknowledged as the most highly prevalent arthropod-borne human disease in northern temperate regions of the world. This book describes the basic characteristics of the disease, the biology of the pathogens in their vectors and vertebrate hosts, their ecology in different regions of the world and the global epidemiology of the disease. The final chapters address the prevention and control measures that have resulted from this knowledge

This book provides in-depth reviews of the role of Rhizobium in agriculture and its biotechnological applications. Individual chapters explore topics such as: the occurrence and distribution of Rhizobium; phenotypic and molecular characteristics of Rhizobium; impact of Rhizobium on other microbial communities in the rhizosphere; N2-fixation ability of Rhizobium; Rhizobium and biotic stress; Rhizobium-mediated restoration of an ecosystem; in silico analysis of the rhizobia pool; further biotechnological perspectives of Rhizobium.

This edited book is a comprehensive collection of chapters on various clean energy technology such as solar energy, waste biomass as energy, hydro-electricity generation, biodiesel production from biomass and strategies to cater the demand of clean renewable energy. Clean energy technologies also enhance economic growth by increasing the supply of energy demand and tackling environmental challenges and their impacts due to the use of other conventional sources of energy. The conventional/non-conventional energy production methods are efficient but it has adverse effects on environment and human health. As environmental concerns are not avoidable therefore the necessity of clean energy production comes in to the picture. The clean energy can be produced by different wastes which are caused for the environmental pollution. This book covers various aspects of new and renewable clean energy production technology and its utilization in different fields. This is a useful reading material for students and researchers involved in clean energy study.

This volume details techniques involved to study aquatic pathogens that cause infections, especially in fish. Chapters guide readers through a wide range of basic and advanced methods, viral and fungal pathogens, probiotic bacteria, treatment of pathogens using seaweed extract, medicinal plant extracts, and actinomycetes. Authoritative and cutting-edge, Aquaculture Microbiology aims to be a useful practical guide to researches to help further their study in this field. 

This second edition provides a cutting-edge overview of physical, technical and scientific aspects related to the widely used analytical method of confocal Raman microscopy. The book includes expanded background information and adds insights into how confocal Raman microscopy, especially 3D Raman imaging, can be integrated with other methods to produce a variety of correlative microscopy combinations. The benefits are then demonstrated and supported by numerous examples from the fields of materials science, 2D materials, the life sciences, pharmaceutical research and development, as well as the geosciences.

This book covers broad areas in the conservation of microorganisms. It addresses the short, medium and long-term preservation of agriculturally important microorganisms, as well as culture collections and their roles. The respective chapters address topics such as conventional approaches to bacterial, fungal and algal preservation, as well as methods and strategies for preserving recalcitrant microorganisms. Readers will also find the latest insights into the preservation of vesicular-arbuscular (VA) fungi and ecology, diversity and conservation of endophytes, and entamopathogenic fungi. Microbes of animal and dairy origin, their preservation and biosafety issues are also explored. Microorganisms are the silent and unseen majority of life on Earth, and are characterized by a high degree of genetic and metabolic diversity. It is well documented that no branch of science or society is unaffected by microbial interventions. Researchers have documented microorganisms from such extreme and unique environments as deserts and hydrothermal vents, and with specific traits that are currently being exploited in agriculture, industry, medicine and biotechnological applications. Such great potential can only be found in microorganisms. The aim of this book - the first entirely devoted to the conservation of microorganisms, and to regulatory mechanisms for access and benefits sharing as per Biological Diversity (BD) Act 2002 - is to promote awareness of our world's microbial wealth, and to introduce readers to strategies and methodologies for the conservation of microorganisms, which could ultimately save human life on Earth.

Pet-to-Man Travelling Staphylococci: A World in Progress explores Staphylococci, a dangerous pathogen that affects both humans and animals with a wide range of infection states. This bacteria can spread rapidly as a commensal organism in both humans and pets, and is an agent of disease. Staphylococci are potentially highly virulent pathogens which require urgent medical attention. In addition, Staphylococci remain a threat within hospital environments, where they can quickly spread across a patient population. This book explores the organisms' resistance to many compounds used to treat them, treatment failure and multidrug resistant staphylococci, amongst other related topics.

A compilation of up to date reviews of topics in biotechnology and medical field.