This volume in the Food Preservation Technology Series presents the latest developments in the application of two solid-liquid operations, Osmotic Dehydration (OD) and Vacuum Impregnation (VI), to the food industry. An international group of experts report on the improvement of osmotic processes at atmospheric pressure for fruits and vegetables, current applications of vacuum impregnation and osmotic dehydration processes and their industrial significance for fruits and vegetables, and applications of atmospheric and vacuum salting treatments for cheese, fish, and meat processes.

Pulsed Electric Fields (PEF) is one of the nonthermal processing approaches that is receiving considerable attention by scientists, government and the food industry as a potential technique to be fully adopted to process foods at the industrial level. PEF presents a number of advantages including minimal changes to fresh foods, inactivation of a wide range of microorganisms, and enzymes. It also offers the opportunity to develop new food products not feasible through conventional thermal processing. Pulsed Electric Fields in Food Processing: Fundamental Aspects and Applications presents wide-ranging research and the latest developments in this emerging technology. This volume in the Food Preservation Technology Series includes 17 contributions by leading research groups, covering both fundamental and applied aspects of pulsed electric fields. Topics include engineering aspects, key physical properties with measured values in specific foods, detailed studies on the pulsed electric field inactivation of enzymes and microorganisms, comparisons with other technologies for microbial inactivation, shelf stability, sensory analysis, and volatile flavor profile, and an industrial perspective on pulsed electric food processing in relation to safety assurance.

Presents classic and recent findings on immunological dysfunctions caused by food allergies-coordinating the most advanced clinical techniques and assessment methods with practical insights for treatment and patient care.

Processing Foods: Quality Optimization and Process Assessment provides a large body of updated information - helping researchers and industrialists make use of new concepts, technologies and approaches that are at the heart of modern food research. It will be a useful tool in the interweaving of scientific and technological information that the multidisciplinarity of food processing and preservation requires. The book concerns conventional and emerging technologies - reviewing relevant chemical, physical and microbiological changes in food - occurring during processing. It discusses methods to monitor and assess such changes with a view to product optimization. Chapters include reviews of different subjects and specific studies that clarify the issues and their potential applications. The topics are divided into five sections: thermal processing, freezing, drying, high pressure processing and minimal and combined processes.

When enjoying a southeast asian soup or cup of herbal tea, we are really savoring the flavor of lemongrass. Similarly, the sweet aroma of mosquito-repelling lotions comes from the citronella oil present in them. Fine perfumes, candles, and herbal pillows with the pleasing smell of rose are often in fact scented with palmarosa. Providing an in-depth look at their history and production, Essential Oil Bearing Grasses: The genus Cymbopogon provides a comprehensive review of these economically important grasses. A detailed examination of chemical constituents and market trends, the book explores the cosmetic, medicinal, and nutritional uses of the plant. It covers the botany, taxonomy, chemistry, and biogenesis of the oils, and their extraction and analytical methods, biotechnology, storage, legislation, and trade. Highlighting industrial uses for the grasses in this genus, the book also includes coverage of the physiological and ecophysiological considerations. It presents a comprehensive overview of most of the cultivated and wild species of cymbopogons. Featuring contributions from a team of international experts, the book describes the considerable ethno-botanical, phytochemical, and pharmacological knowledge associated with the multidimensional uses of the oils. It provides a complete industrial profile that includes market size, geographical sources, export and import data, and industry uses. Its pages offer an invaluable resource for research, cultivation, marketing, or product development of Cymbopogon.

A practical guide offering updates in the spices and seasonings industry

Since the publication of the first edition of Spices and Seasonings: A Food Technology Handbook, there have been many developments in the food industry. This much-needed new edition is the authoritative handbook for seasoning developers and contains essential information on formulating and labeling dry seasoning blends.

There have been regulatory changes in the spice industry and other areas of the food industry. Spices and Seasonings, Second Edition explores these changes and gives the food industry professional updates of important statistics, the latest research on the antimicrobial capabilities of certain spices, new American Spice Trade Association specifications, and new FDA labeling regulations. In addition to providing a general overview of the industry, this book offers practical details on specifications and formulations for the food technologist.

Topics covered in Spices and Seasonings, Second Edition include:

• U.S. regulations as they apply to spices
• Spice processing
• Quality issues dealing with spices
• Spice extractives
• Recent spice research
• Common seasoning blends
• Meat, snack, sauce, and gravy seasonings
• Spice and seasoning trends for the new millennium

Food technologists and managers from the spices and seasonings industry will find this a comprehensive and practical guide on spices and their applications.

Frying of Food is the first reference to examine frying of food from the point of view of changes occurring to biologically-active constituents and the effects of such changes on the stability, performance and nutritive value of frying oil. It focuses on the nature of the frying media and discusses changes to non-glyceride components, especially nutritive and non-utritive antioxidants. This important resource concentrates mainly on two factors that influence the deterioration of a fat at elevated temperatures: the nature of the heated fat and the presence of oxidation retardants, especially those naturally occurring in oils or obtained from natural sources. Discussions include important biologically active ingredients present in oils and fats (such as antioxidant vitamins and carotenoids) and minor constituents (such as phytosterols, phospholipids and hydrocarbons), which appear to affect the performance of a heated oil and/or may also be categorized as functional. Frying of Food also discusses olar phenolic compounds, which have an impact on the stability of oils at high temperatures. Food and lipid chemists, food technologists and product developers involved in the processing of foods by frying, and to those involved in fat and oil research, in quality assessment of heated fats, and in improving dietary fat intake profiles will find this book valuable.

The Packaging Development Process: A Guide for Engineers and Project Managers presents the techniques necessary for creating, testing, and launching packaging, in one convenient reference book. It does so by explaining each step of how a packaging project evolves from the business plan to product launch, with an emphasis on the financial and human resources necessary to move the project forward.Included are extended case studies and detailed flow charts. The case studies create an interesting, informative and understandable read, while the flow charts explain concepts. The text is intended to give package engineers and managers the tools they need to realize new package ideas and to revamp existing packaging in the framework of business teams.

Analyzes how the technology and commercial practices of cultivation affect the nutritive value of certain fish, molluscs, crustacea, and freshwater plants. Organized to reflect the sequence from growth, harvest, and capture, through transportation, storage, and processing, to packaging and distribut

Although nanotechnology has revolutionized fields such as medicine, genetics, biology, bioengineering, mechanics, and chemistry, its increasing application in the food industry is relatively recent in comparison. Nanotechnology is being used to discover new methods for creating new flavors, extending food shelf life, and improving food protection and nutritional value. Nanotechnology in the food industry is now being explored for intelligent nutrient delivery systems, "smart" foods, contaminant detection nanodevices and nanosensors, advanced food processing, antimicrobial chemicals, encapsulation, and green nanomaterials. This new three-volume set, Nanotechnology Horizons in Food Process Engineering, addresses a multitude of topical issues and new developments in the field. Volume 1 focuses food preservation, food packaging and sustainable agriculture, while Volume 2 looks at nanotechnology in food process engineering, applications of biomaterials in food products, and the use of modern nanotechnology for human health. The third volume explores the newest trends in nanotechnology for food applications and their application for improving food delivery systems. Together, these three volumes provide a comprehensive and in-depth look at the emerging status of nanotechnology in the food processing industry, explaining the benefits and drawbacks of various methodologies that will aid in the improvement and development of food product sourcing and food hygiene monitoring methods. Volume 2 discusses nanotechnology use in non-thermal techniques such as high-pressure processing (HPP), pulsed electric fields (PEFs), pulsed light, ultraviolet, microwave, ohmic heating, electrospinning, and nano- and microencapsulation. This volume looks at the role and application of minimal processing techniques such as ozone treatment, vacuum drying, osmotic dehydration, dense phase carbon dioxide treatment, and high-pressure assisted freezing. The successful applications of nanotechnologies on juices, meat and fish, fruits and vegetable slices, food surface, purees, milk and milk products, extraction, drying enhancement, and encapsulation of micro-macro nutrients are also considered. The volume also presents several computer-aided techniques that are emerging in the food processing sector, such as robotics, radio frequency identification (RFID), three-dimensional food printing, artificial intelligence, etc. Significant role of food properties in design of specific food and edible packaging films have been elucidated.

Image Analysis of Food Microstructure offers a condensed guide to the most common procedures and techniques by which quantitative microstructural information about food can be obtained from images. The images are selected from a broad range of food items, including macroscopic images of meat and finished products such as pizza, and the microstructures of cheeses, dough and baked goods, ice cream, fruits and vegetables, emulsions, foams, and gels. The book informs food scientists about the image processing and measurement tools used to characterize a variety of microstructures in foods, using high-quality image techniques to illustrate chemical composition, thermo-mechanical processing, and genetic and structural properties. These different types of images used to measure various aspects of structure include: macroscopic light photography, confocal light microscopy, electron microscopy, atomic force microscope images, magnetic resonance, and computed tomography. Then the text explains how to interpret images to produce data, plot the results in different graphs, and identify trends. Examples using these image analysis techniques show typical results that researchers can expect and recreate. Image Analysis of Food Microstructure summarizes the basic procedures that can be useful in various aspects of food research, from nutraceuticals to cooking and food processing. It presents the processing of images and mathematical principles needed for image analyses in a step-by-step approach to extract key information from the images obtained.

"Furnishes exhaustive, single-source coverage of the production and postharvest technology of more than 70 major and minor vegetables grown in tropical, subtropical, and temperate regions throughout the world. Provides comparative data for each vegetable presented. "

CRC Handbook of Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Excipients provides a comprehensive summary of toxicological issues regarding inactive ingredients in pharmaceutical products, cosmetic products, and food additives. Background information on regulations and labeling requirements for each type of product is provided, and 77 articles critically review human and animal data pertinent to a variety of agents and makes judgments regarding the clinical relevance. The book also identifies at-risk populations, such as neonates, patients with renal failure, and atopic patients. Inactive common pharmaceutical agents and/or foods containing certain ingredients are listed to help physicians counsel hypersensitive patients who must avoid products containing these excipients.

Contributors from universities and food, pharmaceutical, and brewing companies detail the current state of yeast strain development and handling, highlighting advances in yeast selection for academic research, industry, and recombinant DNA technology. Featuring the use of Saccharomyces and other yea

Twelve contributions evaluate the chemistry of trace elements in preparations and their potential bioavailability to the consumer; consider palatability, mineral interactions, and other nutritional factors; discuss trace elements' biology and pharmacokinetics to facilitate the development of protoco

In a finished nutraceutical product, flavors play an integral role. Flavor Development for Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals is about the crucial role added flavors play in any nutraceutical product. It describes the various extraction techniques that are being adopted for manufacturing flavors from natural raw materials. Yield and retention of aromatic components during several extraction methods and flavor encapsulation techniques for thermal degradable food components are discussed. Advanced methods of flavor extraction techniques like supercritical C02 extraction are emphasized. The safety and quality aspects of flavor incorporation in food processing industries are reviewed with respect to international regulations. The importance of flavor in the nutraceuticals industry is also discussed. In addition, the book stresses the functional value and organoleptic acceptability towards product optimization/formulation. Features: Explains how flavors play an integral role in a finished nutraceutical product Describes the various extraction techniques that are being adopted for manufacturing flavors from natural raw materials Covers flavor encapsulation techniques for thermal degradable food components Provides an introduction to the history of how some natural flavor ingredients, botanicals, and extracts were used in ancient times in Ayurveda and herbal medicine This is an ideal reference book for the flavor chemists, food scientists, nutraceutical formulators, and students and academicians who are working in the area of nutraceutical, supplement, and functional food development and provides very useful information to help them select appropriate flavors for their products. Also available in the Nutraceuticals: Basic Research/Clinical Applications Series: Flavors for Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, edited by M. Selvamuthukumaran and Yashwant Pathak (ISBN: 978-1-1380-6417-1) Antioxidant Nutraceuticals: Preventive and Healthcare Applications, edited by Chuanhai Cao, Sarvadaman Pathak, Kiran Patil (ISBN 978-1-4987-3703-6) Food By-product Based Functional Food Powders, edited by OEzlem Tokusoglu (ISBN 978-1-4822-2437-5)

Access the Latest Advances in Food Quality Optimization and Safety Assurance Thermal processing has undergone a remarkable amount of research throughout the past decade, indicating that the process not only remains viable, but that it is also expanding around the world. An organized exploration of new developments in academic and current food industry practices, Engineering Aspects of Thermal Food Processing presents groundbreaking advances in the physical and engineering aspects of thermal food processing, paying particular attention to modeling, simulation, optimization, online control, and automation. Divided into Four Cohesive Sections Under the editorial guidance of a leading thermal processing authority, the book first covers the fundamentals and new processes in the thermal processing industry, including new packaging materials like retortable pouches. The second section moves on to mathematical modeling and simulation, which also addresses emerging preservation technology such as ohmic heating. The third section of the book is devoted to optimization, recognizing that mathematical optimization is the key ingredient for computing optimal operating policies and building advanced decision support systems. This section discusses processes like thermal sterilization, microwave processing, and in-line aseptic processing as well as an analysis of plant production productivity. The final section examines online control and automation describing a practical and efficient strategy for on-line correction of thermal process deviations during retort sterilization of canned foods. Concluding with expert analysis and discussion of the manufacturers' businesses in today's competitive marketplace, Engineering Aspects of Thermal Food Processing explores the entire processing line from model

Modified atmosphere (MA) and controlled atmosphere (CA) technologies have great potential in a wide range of applications. The increasingly global nature of food production and the increased emphasis on reducing chemical preservatives and pesticides have put the spotlight on these centuries-old technologies. Yet until now, there have been very few current resources available, and none have covered all aspects. Provides extensive background on the theory and application of modified and controlled atmospheres Written by top international experts in research and industry, Modified and Controlled Atmospheres for the Storage, Transportation, and Packaging of Horticultural Commodities explores the science and application of the modified atmosphere (MA) and the controlled atmosphere (CA). It covers all technological applications, including storage, transport, and packaging for all fruits, vegetables, and ornamentals of temperate, subtropical, and tropical origin. Tracing the historical developments of these technologies, it provides information on the ideal conditions to be used for many horticultural commodities. It also outlines the effects of MA and CA on the physiology and biochemistry of these commodities as well as on their flavor and quality. Providing the most comprehensive resource on all basic and applied aspects of these technologies, the text also reviews the vast amount of literature already written on this topic. This extensive work captures, for the first time, the entire subject of MA and CA, presenting a complete review of the technological aspects of this important development in food safety and preservation.

Divided into five parts, Microbial Food Contamination, Second Edition looks at emerging foodborne human pathogens andcomprehensively evaluates the microbiology, biochemistry, detection, risk, and threat of foodborne illness in today's global market. The first section introduces new insights into the pathogenic effect of E. coli, viral diseases, and protozoan parasites, as well as prions and other zoonotic diseases. It discusses mycotoxins and aflatoxins, particularly the carcinogenicity of aflatoxin B1 and the chemoprevention of liver cancer. Detection, Monitoring, and Control Presenting recent advances in the detection and monitoring of foodborne pathogens, section two reviews rapid electrochemical biosensors, new methods to detect prion diseases, and the use of polymerized chain reaction (PCR) for detection, identification, and typing of microorganisms. Section three examines control and prevention measures including Kosher and Halal food laws, and the use of naturally occurring antimicrobials, irradiation, and other physical control strategies. It also considers the genetic and biochemical control of aflatoxigenic fungi. International Regulation and Trade Globalization reduces traditional geographic borders that once prohibited pathogens from spreading and increases the risk of transnational outbreaks. The impact of this trend on international trade is evaluated in section four with a look at the implications of mad cow disease on the beef trade. It also provides an overview of programs to mitigate contamination such as the Codex Alimentarius and the International Food Safety Authorities Network. Bioterrorism Addressing the most frightening aspect of microbial contamination, section five explores bioterrorism and the different chemical, radiological, and biological agents that could be employed to deliberately contaminate food. Contributors take a critical look at present food protection strategie

Once again the National Dairy Council has produced the industry reference on the important role of dairy foods in health. Packed with the latest information from the Council's notable scientists, the Handbook of Dairy Foods and Nutrition, Third Edition makes the case for the beneficial role of dairy foods in a variety of conditions and disease states. The handbook begins with a comprehensive overview of the nutritional content and benefits of milk and milk products including cheese and yogurt. The authors explain the effects of dairy intake on cardiovascular health and hypertension. The Dairy Council continues its research review by providing the most up-to-date information on the relationship between dairy intake and colon, breast, and prostate cancers. An entirely new chapter is devoted to addressing recent research about the role of dairy foods in weight management. Supporting the age-old advice that milk gives you strong bones and teeth, this handbook has chapters examining the evidentiary relationship between dairy intake and bone and dental health. A full chapter addresses the condition of lactose digestion, distinguishing lactose intolerance from lactose maldigestion, as well as providing research-based strategies to improve milk tolerance. A summary of dairy's contribution to health throughout the life cycle from childhood and adolescence into adulthood and old age, rounds out this latest installment of the Dairy Council's authoritative reference on the importance of dairy foods in the American diet. Continuing to provide state-of-the-art information on dairy products and nutrition, the Handbook of Dairy Foods and Nutrition, Third Edition is a useful resource for nutrition scientists, dietitians and other health professionals, educators, dairy researchers, and the food industry.

While certain saturated and trans fats continue to face scrutiny as health hazards, new evidence indicates that, in addition to supplying foods with flavor and texture, fats also provide us with dietary components that are absolutely critical to our well-being. The importance of essential fatty acids and fat-soluble vitamins and other minor components delivered by lipids is well known, as are the benefits and essentiality of long-chain omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids. And now, with new research connecting lipids to heart health, mental health, and brain and retina development, the market has responded by providing health-conscious consumers with lipid foods, including spreads, breads, cereals, juices, and dairy products. Nutraceutical and Specialty Lipids and their Co-Products presents a thorough assessment of the current state of the chemistry, nutrition, and health aspects of specialty fats and oils. Fereidoon Shahidi, editor-in-chief of the Journal of Food Lipids and a past chair and co-founder of the Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods Division of the Institute of Food Technologists, brings together top researchers to address the potential application and delivery of lipids in functional foods. Sharing much of their own research, they offer an unparalleled view of the field that covers basic lipid chemistry, as well as the most progressive findings concerning the nutritional value of beneficial lipids. They include research on cereal grain, marine, fruit seed, and tree nut oils, as well as oilseed medicinals, fat replacers, and many other sources of lipids. They also consider stability issues and the latest tools being used for lipids purification. Covering the full range of these essential diet components, this cutting-edge volume serves to meet the needs of scientists and students in research and product development, as well as health and nutrition specialists.

Responding to an estimated 14 million cases of food-borne disease that occur every year in the United States alone, the Food and Drug Administration and US Department of Agriculture have begun implementing new regulations and guidance for the microbial testing of foods. Similarly, Europe and other regions are implementing stricter oversight, as foodborne pathogens that cause deadly diseases such as e. coli 0157:H7 have raised the stakes everywhere. Food safety scientists have acted on this growing public health risk by developing improved media for the cultivation of bacteria, fungi, and viruses, much of it geared toward specific rapid detection. Reflecting the development of these new media and the latest FDA recommendations, the second edition of the Handbook of Microbiological Media for the Examination of Foodprovides an essential resource for anyone involved with the monitoring of both food production and post-production quality control. Organized alphabetically by medium, the expanded edition of this highly respected handbookincludes - * Descriptions of nearly 1,400 media including those recommended by the FDA, as well as media used elsewhere in the world * Concise and lucid instructions for the preparation and uses of each of the media * Cross-referenced indexing that allows the media to be found by name or specific microorganism of interest * Descriptions of expected results as they apply to microorganisms of importance for the examination of foods * Common synonyms for the various media and listings of compositions, so that alternate media an be effectively employed when needed Compiled by Ronald M. Atlas, a world-renowned researcher and author known for his pioneering work in pathogen detection, the Handbook of Microbiological Media for the Examination of Food, Second Edition, provides microbiologists with an essential tool for safeguarding public health.

This handbook of nutrition and diet provides information on food nutrients and their functions; food safety and distribution; food composition, consumption and utilization; adequacy of diet; and the nutritional management of diseases and disorders. It also discusses the effects of nutrition and diet on diseases of the bones, teeth, hair, kidneys, liver and nervous system.

This comprehensive new book provides up-to-date information on many types of Asian prepared foods-their origin, preparation methods, processing principles, technical innovation, quality factors, nutritional values, and market potential. Written by experts who specialize in the field, it includes information on Asian dietary habits and the health significance of Asian diets. Asian Foods also discusses differences in preparations and varieties among diverse Asian ethnic groups and regions, cultural aspects associated with the consumption of the products, and the market status or potential of more than 400 varieties of Asian foods. These foods include products made from rice, wheat, other starchy grains, soybeans, meat, poultry, fish, fruits, and vegetables, as well as functional foods and alcoholic beverages. This timely book will be of interest to food professionals in product development, dieticians interested in Asian diets and dietary habits, business developers seeking market potential for Asian prepared foods, and food science and human nutrition students who need supplemental information.

This new volume presents an array of new and emerging techniques in the food processing sector, focusing on the extraction, encapsulation, and health benefits of bioactive Compounds. It illustrates various applications of novel food processing extraction and encapsulation techniques along with the health and safety aspects of plant-derived bioactive compounds and functional foods Some of the sustainable and green extraction techniques discussed include novel extraction techniques, such as microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), ultrasonic assisted extraction (UAE), supercritical fluid extraction (SFE), accelerated solvent extraction (ASE), and rapid solid-liquid extraction (RSLE). The volume also covers the principles and methods of encapsulation, its role and application in protection and stabilization and as a targeted delivery system for enhanced nutritional health benefits. Various encapsulation methods, such as spray drying, spray cooling/chilling, fluidized bed coating, coacervation, liposome entrapment, extrusion, inclusion complexation, etc., are discussed in detail for application in the food industry. Novel Processing Methods for Plant-Based Health Foods: Extraction, Encapsulation, and Health Benefits of Bioactive Compounds also highlights the potential of nutraceuticals and biological active compounds in human health, various sources, consumers’ acceptance, safety aspects, and their application in development of functional foods. This volume offers many tremendous applications in different areas of the food industry, including in food processing, preservation, health-promoting properties, and safety and quality evaluation of plant-based foods. The book provides a wealth of information and will be an excellent reference material for researchers, scientists, students, growers, traders, processors, industry professionals, and others on the emerging food processing approaches for extraction and encapsulation of plant-based bioactive compounds and health-promoting properties of plant-derived nutraceuticals and safety aspects in production of functional foods.