As the title implies, this book provides an introduction to thermodynamics for students on degree and HND courses in engineering. These courses are placing increased emphasis on business, design, management, and manufacture. As a consequence, the direct class-time for thermodynamics is being reduced and students are encouraged to self learn. This book has been written with this in mind. The text is brief and to the point, with a minimum of mathematical content. Each chapter defines a list of aims and concludes with a short summary. The summary provides an overview of the key words, phrases and equations introduced within the chapter. It is recognized that students see thermodynamics as a problem-solving activity and this is reflected by the emphasis on the modelling of situations. As a guide to problem solving, worked examples are included throughout the book. In addition, students are encouraged to work through the problems at the end of each chapter, for which outline solutions are provided. There is a certain timelessness about thermodynamics because the funda mentals do not change. However, there is currently some debate over which sign convention should apply to work entering, or leaving, a thermodynamic system. I have retained the traditional convention of work out of a system being positive. This fits in with the concept of a heat engine as a device that takes in heat and, as a result, produces positive work."

Twentyfour years have gone by since the publication of K. Lohner and H. Muller's comprehen sive work "Gemischbildung und Verbrennung im Ottomotor" in 1967 1.1]' Naturally, the field of mixture formation and combustion in the spark-ignition engine has wit nessed great technological advances and many new findings in the intervening years, so that the time seemed ripe for presenting a summary of recent research and developments. There fore, I gladly took up the suggestion of the editors of this series of books, Professor Dr. H. List and Professor Dr. A. Pischinger, to write a book summarizing the present state of the art. A center of activity of the Institute of Internal-Combustion Engines and Automotive Engineering at the Vienna Technical University, which I am heading, is the field of mixture formation -there fore, many new results that have been achieved in this area in collaboration with the respective industry have been included in this volume. The basic principles of combustion are discussed only to that extent which seemect necessary for an understanding of the effects of mixture formation. The focal point of this volume is the mixture formation in spark-ignition engines, covering both the theory and actual design of the mixture formation units and appropriate intake manifolds. Also, the related measurement technology is explained in this work."

The main concern of this book is the application of infinite moment theory to the problem of controllability of one-di- mensional vibrating systems (like strings and beams) and heating processes. Distributed as well as boundary control is considered. In the case of vibrating systems trigonometric moment pro- blems are to be investigated which is done on the basis of an abstract moment theory in Hilbert spaces. Equivalently, alsothe theory of linear operator equations on Hilbert spa- ces ( partly with unbounded operators) is applied to the problem of controllability and time-minimal controllability. In the case of heating processes exponential moment problems are to be dealt with which is done on the basis of an ab- stract moment theory in Banach spaces. Time-minimal control- lability is also treated with the aid of the theory of line- aroperator equations on Banach spaces. Some advanced knowledge in functional analyis and on partial differential equations is preassumed for a fluent reader of the book, but parts of it are also readable with basic ma- thematical knowledge (for instance, the finite-dimensional part of the introduction).

The German R + D program "Solares Testzentrum Almeria" (SOTA) provided the scientific basis for the realization of advanced solar technologies including facility modifications, component tests and new lines of development. One of the working packages, WP 300, addressed the "Scientific Support" by the performance of preparatory studies, exploratory laboratory activities and qualified expertise. Universities, Research Institutes and Company R + D Entities in Germany were enabled to treat the following aspects: * Meteorological, system and cost investigations, * Development of important components as concentrator, receiver, storage, * Utilization of solar energy for process heat and chemical reactions. Besides the continued development of terminal concentrators, the studies concentrated in 1991 on the development of solar chemistry processes. The reports of the activities were finalized recently and collected in the present volume. The final reports were printed as received. The achieved results and the views expressed within the reports were under the responsibility of the authors. As organizers of these solar thermal activities and as editors of the corresponding final reports, we would like to thank BMFT and KFA-BEO for the farsighted funding (grant no. 0328823A) and the research groups for their engagement and consultations. We would also like to thank Ms S. Preusser and Ms U. Rachow, who among many others contributed to the realization of this volume.

Das Bemessungskonzept "Betriebsfestigkeit" verfolgt das Ziel, Maschinen, Fahrzeuge oder andere Konstruktionen gegen zeitlich veranderliche Betriebslasten unter Berucksichtigung ihrer Umgebungsbedingungen fur eine bestimmte Nutzungsdauer zuverlassig bemessen zu koennen. Ingenieure, Wissenschaftler und Studenten finden in diesem Buch die experimentellen Grundlagen sowie erprobte und neuere Rechenverfahren der Betriebsfestigkeit fur eine ingenieurmassige Anwendung. Verfahren nach dem Nennspannungs-Konzept, dem Kerbgrund-Konzept und dem Bruchmechanik-Konzept werden vor ihrem theoretischen Hintergrund nach heutigem Erkenntnisstand behandelt. Der Autor zeigt auf, in welchen Grenzen die betreffenden Verfahren als verlasslich angesehen werden durfen. Zur Dauerfestigkeit bei hohen Schwingungszahlen sowie zu Eigenschaften von Faserverbundwerkstoffen wurden neue Erkenntnisse eingefugt. Fur den Betriebsfestigkeits-Nachweis in der Konstruktionspraxis gibt dieses Buch konkrete Hinweise.

This is the most up-to-date, comprehensive, and practical book on the subject available, explaining the concepts and related practical implementations of all major hot-wire anemometry applications. It introduces the logical framework for a computer-based HWA system and identifies the individual steps in the complete experimental procedure, ranging from probe selection to the presentation of analysed data. This major work will be invaluable as a reference for students, engineers, and researchers engaged in the field.

This is a text/reference illustrating thermal and hydraulic design of heat exchangers. The book shows how to apply the fundamentals of thermodynamics, heat transfer, and fluid dynamics for a systematic analysis of the phenomena in heat exchangers, important to energy effective operation in process plants.

Fundiert und methodisch sauber fuhrt dieses Buch in die mathematischen und geometrischen Grundlagen der ebenen Kinematik sowie der Raum- und der Roboterkinematik ein. Anhand von zahlreichen Beispielen und einer Vielzahl von Illustrationen werden die hier verwendeten Verfahren erlautert. Die sehr allgemeine Darstellung versetzt den Leser in die Lage, neuartige Problemstellungen mit diesen Methoden zu bewaltigen. Insbesondere wird die UEbertragung auf den Computer erleichtert. Auch die klassischen Ergebnisse der ebenen und der Raumkinematik wurden so modern aufbereitet, dass ein nahtloser UEbergang zu neuesten Forschungsergebnissen der Roboterkinematik geschaffen wird. Die Autoren sind namhafte Hochschullehrer aus Technik und angewandter Mathematik.

This book is a result of teaching courses in the areas of Computer Methods in Power Systems, Digital Simulation of Power Systems, Power System Dynamics and Advanced Protective Relaying to undergraduate and graduate students in electrical engineering. The present edition includes a sub-section on solution procedure to include transmission losses using dynamic programming in the chapter on Economic Load Scheduling of Power System. In this edition an additional chapter on Load Forecasting has also been included. The present book deals with almost all the aspects of modern power system analysis such as network equations and its formulations, graph theory, symmetries inherent in power system components and its formulations, symmetries inherent in power system components and development of transformation matrices based solely upon symmetries, feasibility analysis and modelling of multi-phase systems, power system modelling including detailed analysis of synchronous machines, induction machines and composite loads, sparsity techniques, economic operation of power systems including derivation of transmission loss equation from the fundamental, solution of algebraic and differential equations and power system studies such as load flow, fault analysis and transient stability studies of a large scale power system including modern and related topics such as advanced protective relaying, digital protection and load forecasting. The book contains solved examples in these areas and also flow diagrams which will help on one hand to understand the theory and on the other hand, it will help the simulation of large scale power systems on the digital computer. The book will be easy to read and understand and will be useful to both undergraduate and graduate students in electrical engineering as well as to the engineers working in electricity boards and utilities etc.

This book has grown from Intermediate Technology's field experiences with micro-hydro installations and covers operation and maintenance, commissioning, electrical power, induction generators, electronic controllers, management, and energy surveys.

Lean burning of premixed gases is considered to be a promising combustion technology for future clean and highly efficient gas turbine combustors. Yet researchers face several challenges in dealing with premixed turbulent combustion, from its nonlinear multiscale nature and the impact of local phenomena to the multitude of competing models. Filling a gap in the literature, Fundamentals of Premixed Turbulent Combustion introduces the state of the art of premixed turbulent combustion in an accessible manner for newcomers and experienced researchers alike. To more deeply consider current research issues, the book focuses on the physical mechanisms and phenomenology of premixed flames, with a brief discussion of recent advances in partially premixed turbulent combustion. It begins with a summary of the relevant knowledge needed from disciplines such as thermodynamics, chemical kinetics, molecular transport processes, and fluid dynamics. The book then presents experimental data on the general appearance of premixed turbulent flames and details the physical mechanisms that could affect the flame behavior. It also examines the physical and numerical models for predicting the key features of premixed turbulent combustion. Emphasizing critical analysis, the book compares competing concepts and viewpoints with one another and with the available experimental data, outlining the advantages and disadvantages of each approach. In addition, it discusses recent advances and highlights unresolved issues. Written by a leading expert in the field, this book provides a valuable overview of the physics of premixed turbulent combustion. Combining simplicity and topicality, it helps researchers orient themselves in the contemporary literature and guides them in selecting the best research tools for their work.

Das eingefuhrte Standardwerk erscheint in der 3. Auflage in voellig neubearbeiteter und erweiterter Ausgabe. Es befasst sich mit allen wichtigen Einzelelementen zur Konstruktion verfahrens- und chemietechnischer Apparate und Anlagen. Entsprechend ihrer Bedeutung in der industriellen Anwendung behandeln die Autoren Details von Warmeaustauschern, Ruhrbehaltern, Trennkolonnen, Behaltern, Silos und Trocknern, jeweils unter dem Aspekt verschiedener Werkstoffe und Konstruktionsvarianten. Die besondere Anordnung von Bildern und Tabellen ermoeglicht den Industriepraktikern einen schnellen Zugriff auf das gerade benoetigte Element. Der Student des konstruktiven Maschinenbaus erhalt ein Nachschlagewerk zur Apparate- und Anlagengestaltung.

Der Transrapid bietet im Hochgeschwindigkeitsbereich eine sehr interessante Alternative. Die Autoren zeigen in einem Systemvergleich Vor- und Nachteile des Transrapid im Vergleich mit konventionellen Rad-Schiene-Systemen, im Hochgeschwindigkeitsbereich auf Strecken zwischen 150 und 800 Kilometern und als peer-to-peer-Verbindung im Kurzstreckenbereich. Berucksichtigt werden alle wichtigen technischen, wirtschaftlichen und okologischen Faktoren. Damit kann die Frage der okonomischen wie okologischen Bewertung des Systems Transrapid neu diskutiert werden.

Dieses Buch wendet sich an Entscheidungstrager sowie an Ingenieure und Wissenschaftler, die uber Fakten Zugang zu neuen technischen, wirtschaftlichen und politischen Entscheidungen suchen."

This textbook is intended for post-graduate students in mechanical and allied engineering disciplines. It will also be helpful to scientists and engineers working in the areas of combustion to recapitulate the fundamental and generally applied aspects of combustion. This textbook comprehensively covers the fundamental aspects of combustion. It includes physical descriptions of premixed and non-premixed flames. It provides a detailed analysis of the basic ideas and design characteristics of burners for gaseous, liquid and solid fuels. A chapter on alternative renewable fuels has also been included to bring out the need, characteristics and usage of alternative fuels. Review questions have been provided at the end of each chapter which will help the students to evaluate their understanding of the important concepts covered in that chapter. Several standard text books have been cited in the chapters and are listed towards the end, as suggested reading, to enable the readers to refer them when required. The textbook will be useful for students in mechanical, aerospace and related fields of engineering. It will also be a good resource for professionals and researchers working in the areas of combustion technology.

This Series provides the necessary elements to the development and validation of numerical prediction models for hydrodynamic bearings. This book with the specific case of internal combustion engine (ICE) journal bearing lubrication. Many examples, relating to various types of ICE, are presented.

The Jet Engine provides a complete, accessible description of the working and underlying principles of the gas turbine. * Accessible, non-technical approach explaining the workings of jet engines, for readers of all levels * Full colour diagrams, cutaways and photographs throughout * Written by RR specialists in all the respective fields * Hugely popular and well-reviewed book, originally published in 2005 under Rolls Royce s own imprint

Dieser Buchtitel ist Teil des Digitalisierungsprojekts Springer Book Archives mit Publikationen, die seit den Anfangen des Verlags von 1842 erschienen sind. Der Verlag stellt mit diesem Archiv Quellen fur die historische wie auch die disziplingeschichtliche Forschung zur Verfugung, die jeweils im historischen Kontext betrachtet werden mussen. Dieser Titel erschien in der Zeit vor 1945 und wird daher in seiner zeittypischen politisch-ideologischen Ausrichtung vom Verlag nicht beworben.

Conveniently gathering formulas, analytical methods, and graphs for the design and selection of a wide variety of brakes and clutches in the automotive, aircraft, farming, and manufacturing industries, Clutches and Brakes: Design and Selection, Second Edition simplifies calculations, acquaints engineers with an expansive range of application, and assists in the selection of parameters for specific design challenges.
Contains an abundance of examples, 550 display equations, and more than 200 figures for clear presentation of various design strategies
Thoroughly revised throughout, the second edition offersa ]
Additional chapters on friction drives and fluid clutches and retarders
An extended discussion on cone brakes and clutches
A simpler formulation of the torque from a centrifugal clutch
Updated sections on automatic braking systems
An analysis of variable-speed friction drives with clutch capability
Analytical and computer-assisted design techniques

This exciting new text deals with the history and future of the closed cycle gas turbine, supplying detailed information on plant installations and design experience in order to give a comprehensive picture of how the technology has progressed over the years. It discusses problems encountered and how they were solved, and includes background theory that will be invaluable to designers developing the technology in the future. This unique text offers a unified and comprehensive resource of material that is otherwise widely dispersed and difficult to access; there is currently no comparable book available that covers both the history and future potential applications of closed-cycle gas turbines. Features: Key topic for future power generation. Provides a comprehensive resource of information that is otherwise widely dispersed and difficult to access. Examines both the future and the history of the closed cycle gas turbine, providing a thorough and exhaustive coverage of the topic. Features copious illustrations to supplement the written material. Focuses solely on the topic of closed-cycle gas turbines. Closed cycle gas turbines have a key role to play in burning low-grade fuel and reducing CO2 gas emissions.

This book presents the design methodology and electrical diagrams of symmetrical six-phase windings, the main elements of the six-phase that are being developed to help meet the demand for high power electric drive systems that are resilient and energy efficient. Chapters are fully illustrated and include detailed tables that provide a comprehensive analysis of energy exchange processes ranging from electrical to magnetic and reveal the advantages of such windings against analogical three-phase windings.

Ohne grossen mathematischen Aufwand, unter Nutzung der Kennlinien (Black-box-Prinzip) vermittelt dieser UEberblick das physikalische Verstandnis fur die zahlreichen Bauarten und Varianten. Mit Hilfe des Buches, das viele praktische Einbaubeispiele enthalt, findet der Anwender aus der Menge der Moeglichkeiten die beste Loesung fur sein Problem.

This book contains the research report of the DFG Research Unit FOR 1845 (2014-2020) of the Universities of Bremen and Hannover. The thematic focus lies on speeding up ultra-precision machining technology by following a holistic approach to high-performance cutting. This includes ultra-precision milling at high spindle speeds (>10000 rpm), precision tool setting mechanisms for multi-cutting-edge diamond milling tools, magnetic levitation technology for high velocity feed axes, and dedicated control strategies for error identification and compensation at high speeds. Furthermore, automation and measurement aspects of the machine setup process especially for precision balancing of the spindle rotors are presented. Finally, it is demonstrated that how the developed technologies may be integrated into a common machine tool setup. The target audience primarily comprises research experts and practitioners in production engineering, but the book may also be of interest to graduate students alike.

Seit der ersten Auflage dieses Buches hat der Computer Einzug gehalten und die Auslegung und Konstruktion auch der Umlaufgetriebe weitgehend erleichtert. Da- bei erwies sich das damals gewahlte System der einheitlichen Bezeichnungen der Wellen als optimal, weil es die Berechnung der Betriebsdaten gegebener oder ge- suchter einfacher oder zusammengesetzter Planetengetriebe unabhangig von deren Bauart mit ein und demselben Rechenprogramm ermoeglicht. Auch die Zusammenfassung verschiedener Getriebe mit der gleichen speziellen Funktion zu einheitlich berechenbaren Typen hat sich bewahrt, denn diese koennen nun mit einheitlichen Rechenprogrammen analysiert oder ausgelegt werden. In der vorliegenden neu bearbeiteten und erweiterten zweiten deutschen Aufla- ge wurde die leichte Programmierbarkeit durch ubersichtlich dargestellte Berech- nung mit einfachen Formeln besonders beachtet. Dabei werden bei der Auslegung von Getrieben -z. B. fur variable UEbersetzungen -zuerst nur die erforderliche oder gegebenenfalls mehrere geeignete, kennzeichnenden UEbersetzungen" ermittelt und erst dann aus den vielen moeglichen, kinematisch gleichwertigen Getrieben" das konstruktiv gunstigste ausgewahlt. Die Reihe der dargestellten Varianten praktisch ausgefuhrter alterer und neue- rer Anwendungen von Planetengetrieben wurde erweitert, um die Vielfalt der An- wendungsmoeglichkeiten zu zeigen und Inspirationen fur neue Anwendungen zu fordern. Statt des Index 0 (io, 110) fur Standgetriebe werden jetzt zur sicheren Unter- scheidung der Leistungsflusse, z.B. bei Selbsthemmung, stets die Indizes 12 bzw. 21 (i12, i2lo 1112, 1121) benutzt. Dagegen konnte auf die besondere Bezeichnung m statt n fur die Drehzahlen mehrlaufiger Getriebe ohne Nachteil verzichtet werden. Die strenge Unterscheidung von Drehzahlverhaltnissen k zwangloser Getriebe von der UEbersetzung i zwanglaufiger Getriebe ist jedoch weiterhin unverzichtbar.

Introduction to Rocket Science and Engineering, Second Edition, presents the history and basics of rocket science, and examines design, experimentation, testing, and applications. Exploring how rockets work, the book covers the concepts of thrust, momentum, impulse, and the rocket equation, along with the rocket engine, its components, and the physics involved in the generation of the propulsive force. The text also presents several different types of rocket engines and discusses the testing of rocket components, subsystems, systems, and complete products. The final chapter stresses the importance for rocket scientists and engineers to creatively deal with the complexities of rocketry.