This book offers an introduction to numerical optimization methods in structural design. Employing a readily accessible and compact format, the book presents an overview of optimization methods, and equips readers to properly set up optimization problems and interpret the results. A 'how-to-do-it' approach is followed throughout, with less emphasis at this stage on mathematical derivations. The book features spreadsheet programs provided in Microsoft Excel, which allow readers to experience optimization 'hands-on.' Examples covered include truss structures, columns, beams, reinforced shell structures, stiffened panels and composite laminates. For the last three, a review of relevant analysis methods is included. Exercises, with solutions where appropriate, are also included with each chapter. The book offers a valuable resource for engineering students at the upper undergraduate and postgraduate level, as well as others in the industry and elsewhere who are new to these highly practical techniques.While the specific application is to structural design, the principles involved can be applied far more widely.

Thin-walled structures can be used to absorb impact energy during a vehicle collision. Crush Mechanics of Thin-Walled Tubes describes the analysis and design of these lightweight elements and thoroughly explains the deformation behaviors of thin-walled hollow members under crushing loading. The book covers, in detail, thin-walled structures-under axial compression, bending, and torsion. It provides a complete understanding of the underlying concepts and mechanisms of energy absorption components, includes analysis techniques, and covers existing theoretical approaches along with the author's research. Geared toward engineering students, practicing mechanical and structural engineers, and researchers interested in analyzing energy absorption and designing structures that may undergo impacts, this book: Addresses axial compression of circular and square tubes, and bending and torsion of tubes Summarizes the mechanism of collapse and associated calculations for the initial peak force and the average compressive force Explores two factors controlling the axial collapse of a plate Investigates systematically the deformation characteristics of corrugated tubes under axial crush Provides an understanding of the collapse behavior of members undergoing bending deformation when trying to evaluate strength and energy-absorption characteristics Looks at the bending deformation of circular and square tubes Explains the characteristic flattening phenomenon, the maximum moment in bending deformation, and the moment-rotation relation during bending collapse Discusses the collapse behavior of thin-walled structures with an open cross section during axial crushing and bending deformation Includes the proposition of a new method for evaluating the maximum bending moment of square tubes with consideration of sidewall buckling Proposes a new technique that can be used to determine the relation between the bending moment M and the rotation angle Presents analysis methods for predicting the maximum torsion moment in each case A shelf-worthy reference showcasing structural mechanics, Crush Mechanics of Thin-Walled Tubes provides a basic understanding of the fundamental concepts and mechanisms of crushing deformations in thin-walled structures and serves as a guide for both teaching and self-study.

Engineering Viscoelasticity covers all aspects of the thermo- mechanical response of viscoelastic substances that a practitioner in the field of viscoelasticity would need to design experiments, interpret test data, develop stress-strain models, perform stress analyses, design structural components, and carry out research work. The material in each chapter is developed from the elementary to the esoteric, providing the background in mathematics and mechanics that are central to understanding the subject matter being presented. This book also examines how viscoelastic materials respond to the application of loads, and provides practical guidelines to use them in the design of commercial, military and industrial applications.

This book comprises select papers from the International Conference on Emerging Trends in Civil Engineering (ICETCE 2018). Latest research findings in different branches of civil engineering such as structural engineering, construction materials, geotechnical engineering, water resources engineering, environmental engineering, and transportation infrastructure are covered in this book. The book also gives an overview of emerging topics like smart materials and structures, green building technologies, and intelligent transportation system. The contents of this book will be beneficial for students, academicians, industrialists and researchers working in the field of civil engineering.

This book systematically introduces readers to computational granular mechanics and its relative engineering applications. Part I describes the fundamentals, such as the generation of irregular particle shapes, contact models, macro-micro theory, DEM-FEM coupling, and solid-fluid coupling of granular materials. It also discusses the theory behind various numerical methods developed in recent years. Further, it provides the GPU-based parallel algorithm to guide the programming of DEM and examines commercial and open-source codes and software for the analysis of granular materials. Part II focuses on engineering applications, including the latest advances in sea-ice engineering, railway ballast dynamics, and lunar landers. It also presents a rational method of parameter calibration and thorough analyses of DEM simulations, which illustrate the capabilities of DEM. The computational mechanics method for granular materials can be applied widely in various engineering fields, such as rock and soil mechanics, ocean engineering and chemical process engineering.

"Constrained Deformation of Materials: Devices, Heterogeneous Structures and Thermo-Mechanical Modeling" is an in-depth look at the mechanical analyses and modeling of advanced small-scale structures and heterogeneous material systems. Mechanical deformations in thin films and miniaturized materials, commonly found in microelectronic devices and packages, MEMS, nanostructures and composite and multi-phase materials, are heavily influenced by the external or internal physical confinement. A continuum mechanics-based approach is used, together with discussions on micro-mechanisms, to treat the subject in a systematic manner under the unified theme. Readers will find valuable information on the proper application of thermo-mechanics in numerical modeling as well as in the interpretation and prediction of physical material behavior, along with many case studies. Additionally, particular attention is paid to practical engineering relevance. Thus real-life reliability issues are discussed in detail to serve the needs of researchers and engineers alike.

Thin-walled structures can be used to absorb impact energy during a vehicle collision. Crush Mechanics of Thin-Walled Tubes describes the analysis and design of these lightweight elements and thoroughly explains the deformation behaviors of thin-walled hollow members under crushing loading. The book covers, in detail, thin-walled structures-under axial compression, bending, and torsion. It provides a complete understanding of the underlying concepts and mechanisms of energy absorption components, includes analysis techniques, and covers existing theoretical approaches along with the author's research. Geared toward engineering students, practicing mechanical and structural engineers, and researchers interested in analyzing energy absorption and designing structures that may undergo impacts, this book: Addresses axial compression of circular and square tubes, and bending and torsion of tubes Summarizes the mechanism of collapse and associated calculations for the initial peak force and the average compressive force Explores two factors controlling the axial collapse of a plate Investigates systematically the deformation characteristics of corrugated tubes under axial crush Provides an understanding of the collapse behavior of members undergoing bending deformation when trying to evaluate strength and energy-absorption characteristics Looks at the bending deformation of circular and square tubes Explains the characteristic flattening phenomenon, the maximum moment in bending deformation, and the moment-rotation relation during bending collapse Discusses the collapse behavior of thin-walled structures with an open cross section during axial crushing and bending deformation Includes the proposition of a new method for evaluating the maximum bending moment of square tubes with consideration of sidewall buckling Proposes a new technique that can be used to determine the relation between the bending moment M and the rotation angle Presents analysis methods for predicting the maximum torsion moment in each case A shelf-worthy reference showcasing structural mechanics, Crush Mechanics of Thin-Walled Tubes provides a basic understanding of the fundamental concepts and mechanisms of crushing deformations in thin-walled structures and serves as a guide for both teaching and self-study.

The present volume of Modern Aspects of Electrochemistry is composed of four chapters covering topics having relevance both in corrosion science and materials engineering. All of the chapters provide comprehensive coverage of recent advances in corrosion science. The first chapter, by Maurice and Marcus, provides a comprehensive review on the structural aspects and anti-corrosion properties of passive films on metals and alloys. These authors look at recent experimental data collected by in-situ microscopic techniques coupled with electrochemical methods. A detailed description is given of the nucleation and growth of 2-dimensional passive films at earlier stages, their effect on the corrosion properties of metal surfaces, and the nanostructures of- dimensional passive films. On the basis of the experimental data reviewed, the authors present a model for passivity breakdown and pit initiation, which takes into account the preferential role of grain boundaries. In Chapter 2, Takahashi and his co-workers give a specialized account on the electrochemical and structural properties of anodic oxide films formed on aluminum. In addition to the electrochemical corrosion-related problems of anodic oxide films, the chapter reviews state-of-the-art research of nano-/mic- fabrications based on anodizing treatments combined with chemical/mechanical processes such as laser irradiation, atomic force micro-probe processing and thin film deposition techniques.

This book presents an introduction, a discussion of the concept of the design and the concrete's development, and the properties and testing of the concrete in fresh and hardened stages. After an introduction to the principles of cement and concrete composites, the reader will find information on the principles of quantum-scaled cement, low-carbon cement, fiber-reinforced concrete, reactive powder concrete, and tailor-made recycled aggregate concrete.

This book presents articles from The Australasian Conference on the Mechanics of Structures and Materials (ACMSM25 held in Brisbane, December 2018), celebrating the 50th anniversary of the conference. First held in Sydney in 1967, it is one of the longest running conferences of its kind, taking place every 2-3 years in Australia or New Zealand. Bringing together international experts and leaders to disseminate recent research findings in the fields of structural mechanics, civil engineering and materials, it offers a forum for participants from around the world to review, discuss and present the latest developments in the broad discipline of mechanics and materials in civil engineering.

"The Mechanics of Mechanical Watches and Clocks" presents historical views and mathematical models of mechanical watches and clocks. Although now over six hundred years old, mechanical watches and clocks are still popular luxury items that fascinate many people around the world. However few have examined the theory of how they work as presented in this book. The illustrations and computer animations are unique and have never been published before.
It will be of significant interest to researchers in mechanical engineering, watchmakers and clockmakers, as well as people who have an engineering background and are interested in mechanical watches and clocks. It will also inspire people in other fields of science and technology, such as mechanical engineering and electronics engineering, to advance their designs.
Professor Ruxu Du works at the Chinese University of Hong Kong, China. Assistant Professor Longhan Xie works at the South China University of Technology, China.

The use of high-pressure techniques has become popular for studying the nature of substances and phenomena occurring in them, especially as a means of obtaining new materials (synthesis under high pressure) and processing known materials (hydroextrusion). A product of many years of research by the authors and their colleagues, Phase Transitions in Solids under High Pressure discusses the relationships of phase transformations in solids under high pressure, the mechanism of these transformations, crystal geometry, the effect of deformation, the conditions of formation, and preservation of the high-pressure phases under normal pressure. The book begins with an introduction that describes the relationship of the thermodynamics of phase transformations and the kinetics of the transformations. This is followed by a chapter explaining the equipment and mostly original procedures for investigating phase transformation in solids under high hydrostatic and quasi-hydrostatic pressures. The book covers phase transformations under high pressure in a wide temperature range in the elements carbon, silicon, germanium, titanium, zirconium, iron, gallium, and cerium as well as in titanium- and iron-based alloys and AIBVII, AIIBVI, and AIIIBV compounds. In addition, the book examines the kinetics of phase transformations in iron-based alloys in isobaric-isothermal conditions. The authors present results for phase transformations in deformation under high pressure, describe several non-trivial effects associated with phase transformations under high pressure, and analyze the kinetics and hysteresis of high-temperature and low-temperature phase transformations. They conclude by describing the role of investigations under high pressure for determining general relationships governing phase transformations in solids.

On Thursday evening, May 23, 2013, the Interstate 5 Bridge over the Skagit River in Washington state collapsed due to impact by an oversize truck, dumping vehicles and people into the water. Fortunately, the bridge is located in a rural area and nobody was killed in the accident, but three people were rescued after their cars plunged into the frigid water of the Skagit River. According to Washington state officials, the bridge was inspected last year and was not structurally deficient, but collapsed because of apparent impact from an oversize truck. Nevertheless, the collapse of the steel truss bridge renewed appeals for greater investment in the nation's aging infrastructure. These appeals are echoed throughout the bridge engineering community worldwide, as the condition of deteriorated bridges worsens with increasing traffic loads combined with lack of proper maintenance. Bridge engineers from different countries shared their experience toward achieving durable bridge structures, during the 7th New York City Bridge Conference, held on August 26-27, 2013. This book contains select papers that were presented at the conference. These peer-reviewed papers are valuable contributions and of archival quality in bridge engineering.

This book focuses on the mechanical response in viscoelastic media under isothermal and nonisothermal conditions. The viscoelastic response covered in this book is observed in a wide variety of common materials: polymers and plastics, metals and alloys at elevated temperatures, concrete, soils, road construction and building materials, biological tissues, and foodstuffs. Emphasizing the mechanical behavior of solid polymers subjected to physical aging, the book analyzes constitutive equations in thermoviscoelasticity and compares the results of numerical simulation with experimental data. After covering linear viscoelastic media at small strains, a clear approach to nonlinear constitutive equations in viscoelasticity at small strains and at finite strains is developed. The book concludes with coverage of constitutive relations in thermoviscoelasticity which account for thermally-induced changes both in elastic moduli and relaxation spectra. Written for specialists in mechanical and chemical engineering in the fields of manufacturing polymer and polymer-composite articles, this book will also appeal to specialists in applied and industrial mathematics, mechanics of continua and polymer physics who study the response of solid polymers to thermomechanical stimuli.

This book presents an analysis of eight non-classical problems of fracture and failure mechanics mainly obtained by research in the department of dynamics and stability of continuum of the S. P. Timoshenko Institute of Mechanics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (NAS of Ukraine). It focusses on the application of the 3D (three-dimensional) theories of stability, dynamics, and statics of solid mechanics to the investigation of non-classical problems of fracture and failure mechanics.

The book explores the geometric and kinematic design of the various types of gears most commonly used in practical applications, also considering the problems concerning their cutting processes. The cylindrical spur and helical gears are first considered, determining their main geometric quantities in the light of interference and undercut problems, as well as the related kinematic parameters. Particular attention is paid to the profile shift of these types of gears either generated by rack-type cutter or by pinion-rack cutter. Among other things, profile-shifted toothing allows to obtain teeth shapes capable of greater strength and more balanced specific sliding, as well as to reduce the number of teeth below the minimum one to avoid the operating interference or undercut. These very important aspects of geometric-kinematic design of cylindrical spur and helical gears are then generalized and extended to the other examined types of gears most commonly used in practical applications, such as: straight bevel gears; crossed helical gears; worm gears; spiral bevel and hypoid gears. Finally, ordinary gear trains, planetary gear trains and face gear drives are discussed. Includes fully-developed exercises to draw the reader's attention to the problems that are of interest to the designer, as well as to clarify the calculation procedure Topics are addressed from a theoretical standpoint, but in such a way as not to lose sight of the physical phenomena that characterize the various types of gears which are examined The analytical and numerical solutions are formulated so as to be of interest not only to academics, but also to designers who deal with actual engineering problems concerning the gears

Your ticket to excelling in mechanics of materials

With roots in physics and mathematics, engineering mechanics is the basis of all the mechanical sciences: civil engineering, materials science and engineering, mechanical engineering, and aeronautical and aerospace engineering.

Tracking a typical undergraduate course, "Mechanics of Materials For Dummies" gives you a thorough introduction to this foundational subject. You'll get clear, plain-English explanations of all the topics covered, including principles of equilibrium, geometric compatibility, and material behavior; stress and its relation to force and movement; strain and its relation to displacement; elasticity and plasticity; fatigue and fracture; failure modes; application to simple engineering structures, and more.Tracks to a course that is a prerequisite for most engineering majorsCovers key mechanics concepts, summaries of useful equations, and helpful tips

From geometric principles to solving complex equations, "Mechanics of Materials For Dummies" is an invaluable resource for engineering students

Provided by this book is a unified, comprehensive presentation of the foundations of the theory of viscoelastic solids. The large subject area is separated into self-contained chapters that give a full complete picture and allow a thorough understanding of the current status and future direction of individual topics. The author emphasizes the basic principles along with topics of fundamental importance to the understanding of viscoelasticity in its different regimes. Particular attention is paid to experimental activity, numerical characterization of the response of advanced industrial materials and the solution of the different categories of the associated boundary value problem. This book should be of interest to engineers and scientists working in all fields of materials, but especially the following: polymers; rubbers; plastics; fibres; pulp and paper; biomaterials; medical engineering; materials R mechanics of materials; evaluation and testing; engineering and medical applications. It should also be of interest to final year and postgraduate students and researchers in materials science at university level.

This book presents a modern continuum mechanics and mathematical framework to study shell physical behaviors, and to formulate and evaluate finite element procedures. With a view towards the synergy that results from physical and mathematical understanding, the book focuses on the fundamentals of shell theories, their mathematical bases and finite element discretizations. The complexity of the physical behaviors of shells is analysed, and the difficulties to obtain uniformly optimal finite element procedures are identified and studied. Some modern finite element methods are presented for linear and nonlinear analyses. In this Second Edition the authors give new developments in the field and - to make the book more complete - more explanations throughout the text, an enlarged section on general variational formulations and new sections on 3D-shell models, dynamic analyses, and triangular elements. The analysis of shells represents one of the most challenging fields in all of mechanics, and encompasses various fundamental and generally applicable components. Specifically, the material presented in this book regarding geometric descriptions, tensors and mixed variational formulations is fundamental and widely applicable also in other areas of mechanics.

This book provides readers with basic concepts and design theories for space robots and presents essential methodologies for implementing space robot engineering by introducing several concrete projects as illustrative examples. Readers will gain a comprehensive understanding of professional theories in the field of space robots, and will find an initial introduction to the engineering processes involved in developing space robots. Rapid advances in technologies such as the Internet of Things, Cloud Computing, and Artificial Intelligence have also produced profound changes in space robots. With the continuous expansion of human exploration of the universe, it is imperative for space robots to be capable of sharing knowledge, working collaboratively, and becoming more and more intelligent so as to optimize the utilization of space resources. For on-orbit robots that perform service tasks such as spacecraft assembly and maintenance, as well as exploration robots that carry out research tasks on planetary surfaces, the rational integration into a network system can greatly improve their capabilities in connection with executing outer space tasks, such as information gathering and utilization, independent decision-making and planning, risk avoidance, and reliability, while also significantly reducing resource consumption for the system as a whole.

Table of contents: Stochastic methods in nonlinear structural dynamics.- Stochastic models of uncertainties in computational structural dynamics and structural acoustics.- The tale of stochastic linearization techniques: over half a century of progress.- Comprehensive modeling of uncertain systems using fuzzy set theory.- Bounding uncertainty in civil engineering: theoretical background and applications.- Combined methods in nondeterministic mechanics.

In this book the current state of the art of nondeterministic mechanics in its various forms is presented. The topics range from stochastic problems to fuzzy sets; from linear to nonlinear problems; from specific methodologies to combinations of various techniques; from theoretical considerations to practical applications. It is specially designed to illuminate the various aspects of the three methodologies (probabilistic or stochastic modelling, fuzzy sets based analysis, antioptimization of structures) to deal with various uncertainties and deepen the discussion of their pros and cons."

Like the previous editions also the third edition of this book combines the detailed physical modeling of mechatronic systems and their precise numerical simulation using the Finite Element (FE) method. Thereby, the basic chapter concerning the Finite Element (FE) method is enhanced, provides now also a description of higher order finite elements (both for nodal and edge finite elements) and a detailed discussion of non-conforming mesh techniques. The author enhances and improves many discussions on principles and methods. In particular, more emphasis is put on the description of single fields by adding the flow field. Corresponding to these field, the book is augmented with the new chapter about coupled flow-structural mechanical systems. Thereby, the discussion of computational aeroacoustics is extended towards perturbation approaches, which allows a decomposition of flow and acoustic quantities within the flow region. Last but not least, applications are updated and restructured so that the book meets modern demands.

This book presents and discusses recent developments in the broad field of spectroscopy, providing the reader with an updated overview. The main objective is to introduce them to recent innovations and current trends in spectroscopy applied to molecules and materials. The book also brings together experimentalists and theoreticians to highlight the multidimensional aspects of spectroscopy and discuss the latest issues. Accordingly, it provides insights not only into the general goals of spectroscopy, but also into how the various spectroscopic techniques represent a toolbox that can be used to gain a more detailed understanding of molecular systems and complex chemical problems. Besides technical aspects, basic theoretical interpretations of spectroscopic results are also presented. The spectroscopy techniques discussed include UV-visible absorption spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, IR absorption spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, and time-resolved spectroscopy. In turn, basic tools like lasers and theoretical modeling approaches are also presented. Lastly, applications for the characterization of fundamental properties of molecules (environmental aspects, biomolecules, pharmaceutical drugs, hazardous molecules, etc.) and materials (nanomaterials, nuclear chemistry materials, biomaterials, etc.) are discussed. Given its scope, the book offers a valuable resource for researchers from various branches of science, and presents new techniques that can be applied to their specific problems.

This volume contains selected and reviewed manuscripts from the 2nd Regional Conference on Mechanical and Marine Engineering (ReMME 2018), 'Sustainable Through Engineering,' which was held from November 7 to 9, 2018, at the Ipoh, Perak, Malaysia. This conference was organized by the Center of Refrigeration and Air Conditioning (CARe) and Center of Marine Engineering (CTME) Politeknik Ungku Omar, Jalan Raja Musa Mahadi, 31400 Ipoh, Perak. It discusses the expertise, skills, and techniques needed for the development of energy and renewable energy system, new materials and biomaterials, and marine technology. It focuses on finite element analysis, computational fluids dynamics, programming and mathematical methods that are used for engineering simulations, and present many state-of-the-art applications. For example, modern joining technologies can be used to fabricate new compound or composite materials, even those formed from dissimilar component materials. These composite materials are often exposed to harsh environments, must deliver specific characteristics, and are primarily used in automotive and marine technologies, i.e., ships, amphibious vehicles, docks, offshore structures, and even robots. An energy efficient methods such cogeneration, thermal energy storage and solar desalination also being highlighted as sustainable engineering in this book chapter. The committee members can be listed as follows: Patron:Dr. Hj. Zairon Mustapha (Director). Advisor: Muhmmad Zubir Mohd Hanifah (Deputy Director Academic), Dr. Azhar Abdullah (Head of Innovation, Research & Commercialization). Chairman 1: Dr. Adzuieen Nordin. Chairman 2: Hairi Haizri Che Amat. Secretariat 1: Dr. Woo Tze Keong. Secretariat 2: Dr. Saw Chun Lin. Secretary: Mahani Mohd Zamberi, Maslinda Rahmad. Floor Manager: Dr. Adzuieen Nordin, Marzuki Mohammad Treasurer: Shahrul Nahar Omar Kamal. Webmaster: Mohamad Asyraf Othoman, Mohd Assidiq Che Ahmad, Mohd Hashim Abd. Razak. Proceeding & Editorial: Didi Asmara Salim, Khairil Ashraf Ahmad Maliki, Khirwizam Md Hkhir. Publicity: Nur Azrina Zainal Ariff, Norsheila Buyamin, Rawaida Muhammad, Noor Khairunnisa Kamaruddin. Reviewer: Zakiman Zali, Shahril Jalil. Technical Manager: Mohd Faisol Saad. Springer Publication Editorial: Dr. Saw Chun Lin, Dr. Woo Tze Keong, Didi Asmara Salim, Dr. Salvinder Singh Karam Singh. Protocol & Opening Ceremony: Mohd Rizan Abdul, Yeoh Poh See. Souvenir: Sharifah Zainhuda Syed Tajul Ariffin. Registration: Muhammad Zaki Zainal, Adi Firdaus Hat, Nor Ashimy Mohd Noor, Mohd Naim Awang. Proofread: Shamsul Banu Mohamed Siddik, Fairuz Liza Shuhaimi. Logistics: Mohd Zulhairi Zulkipli, Ahmad Fithri Hasyimie Hashim. Multimedia: Muhammad Redzuan Che Noordin, Mohd Redzuwan Danuri, Ahmad Syawal Yeop Aziz. Liason: Roseazah Ramli, Amrul Zani Mahadi. Sponsorship: Zuraini Gani, Hazril Hisham Hussin.

Thisbook traces the history of the concept of work from its earliest stages and shows that its further formalization leads to equilibrium principle and to the principle of virtual works, and so pointing the way ahead for future research and applications.

The idea that something remains constant in a machine operation is very old and has been expressed by many mathematicians and philosophers such as, for instance, Aristotle. Thus, a concept of energy developed. Another importantidea in machine operation is Archimedes'lever principle.

In modern times the concept of work is analyzed in the context of applied mechanics mainly in Lazare Carnot mechanics and the mechanics of the new generation of polytechnical engineers like Navier, Coriolis and Poncelet. In this context the word "work" is finally adopted. These engineers are also responsible for the incorporation of the concept of work into the discipline of economics when they endeavoured to combine the studyof the work of machines and men together."