Conceived as a series of more or less autonomous essays, the present book critically exposes the initial developments of continuum thermo-mechanics in a post Newtonian period extending from the creative works of the Bernoullis to the First World war, i.e., roughly during first the "Age of reason" and next the "Birth of the modern world". The emphasis is rightly placed on the original contributions from the "Continental" scientists (the Bernoulli family, Euler, d'Alembert, Lagrange, Cauchy, Piola, Duhamel, Neumann, Clebsch, Kirchhoff, Helmholtz, Saint-Venant, Boussinesq, the Cosserat brothers, Caratheodory) in competition with their British peers (Green, Kelvin, Stokes, Maxwell, Rayleigh, Love,..). It underlines the main breakthroughs as well as the secondary ones. It highlights the role of scientists who left essential prints in this history of scientific ideas. The book shows how the formidable developments that blossomed in the twentieth century (and perused in a previous book of the author in the same Springer Series: "Continuum Mechanics through the Twentieth Century", Springer 2013) found rich compost in the constructive foundational achievements of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. The pre-WWI situation is well summarized by a thorough analysis of treatises (Appell, Hellinger) published at that time. English translations by the author of most critical texts in French or German are given to the benefit of the readers.

This book examines material composites used in connection with brake friction, their design and safety. To aid in understanding, the essentials of friction are explained. This second edition was extended to include friction material composites without copper, as they offer an environmentally friendlier option. The second edition is intended to support beginners by offering insights into the essentials of friction material composites, helping them to develop a broader understanding of brake friction materials. Friction materials find wide-ranging applications in household and industrial appliances, brake pads for automotive applications, rail brake friction pads and composition brake blocks. This second edition is an introductory volume to a set of related books, and is based on the author's experience and expertise with various material manufacturers, brake manufacturers, vehicle manufacturers, researchers and testing labs around the world with which the author has been associated for the past 28 years.

This book comprises select proceedings of the National Conference on Advances in Structural Technology (CoAST 2019). It brings together different applied and technological aspects of structural engineering. The main topics covered in this book include solid mechanics, composite structures, fluid-structure interaction, soil-structure interaction, structural safety, and structural health monitoring. The book also focuses on emerging structural materials and the different behavior of civil, mechanical, and aerospace structural systems. Given its contents, this book will be a useful reference for researchers and practitioners working in structural safety and engineering.

The micro- and nano-modification of infrastructure materials and the associated multi-scale characterization and simulation has the potential to open up whole new uses and classes of materials, with wide-ranging implications for society. The use of multi-scale characterization and simulation brings the ability to target changes at the very small scale that predictably effect the bulk behavior of the material and thus allowing for the optimization of material behavior and performance. The International RILEM Symposium on Multi-Scale Modeling and Characterization of Infrastructure Materials (Stockholm, June 10-12, 2013) brought together key researchers from around the world to present their findings and ongoing research in this field in a focused environment with extended discussion times. From asphalt to concrete, from chemistry to mechanics, from nano- to macro-scale: the collection of topics covered by the Symposium represents the width and depth of the currently ongoing efforts of developing more sustainable infrastructure materials. Researchers, practitioners, undergraduates and graduate students engaged in infrastructure materials or multi-scale characterization and modeling efforts can use this book as a comprehensive reference, to learn about the currently ongoing research efforts in this field or as an inspiration for new research ideas to enhance the long-term performance of infrastructure materials from a fundamental perspective. The Symposium was held under the auspices of the RILEM Technical Committee on Nanotechnology-Based Bituminous Materials 231-NBM and the Transport Research Board (TRB) Technical Committee on Characteristics of Asphalt Materials AFK20.

This monograph disentangles the law of motive force, a fundamental law of nature that can be accommodated as an addition to the existing laws of thermodynamics. This unmistakable and remarkable tendency of nature is equally applicable to all other branches of studies. The law of motive force was discovered in 1989 by the author of this book, Professor Pramanick, who reports here various applications of the law in the area ofthermodynamics, heat transfer, fluid mechanics and solid mechanics and shows how, by applying the law of motive force, it is possible to solve analytically century old unsolved problems. This book offers a comprehensive account of the law of motive force and its relation to other laws and principles such as the generalized conservation principle, variational formulation, Fermat s principle, Bejan s constructal law, entropy generation minimization, Bejan s method of intersecting asymptotes and equipartition principle. Furthermore, the author addresses here some interrelated fundamental problems of contemporary interest, especially to thermodynamicists and provides exact solutions to these problems, by combining analytical methods, physical reasoning and the proposed law of motive force. This book is a must-read for both students and researchers in exact as well as non-exact sciences and at the same time, a pleasant learning experience for any novice.

The first chapter proposes the law of motive force and establishes its relation to the other laws and principles such as the generalized conservation principle, variational formulation, Fermat s principle, Bejan s constructal law, entropy generation minimization, Bejan s method of intersecting asymptotes and equipartition principle. The second chapter presents Schmidt s intuitive criterion for fin design by employing the law of motive force alone. The third chapter provides an elegant solution to a classically unsolved fundamental issue of thermal science, the generalization of Pohlhausen s problem of heat transfer from a flat plate, by applying the law of motive force. The fourth chapter is a theoretical excursus of hydraulic jump for the first time deploying the law of motive force. The fifth chapter inculcates the law of motive force to establish the dendritic structure of nature with reference to a thermoelectric device. In the light of law of motive force the sixth and last chapter finally integrates finite-time thermodynamics with Bejan s constructal law.

This book offers a comprehensive and timely review of the fracture behavior of bimaterial composites consisting of periodically connected components, i.e. of bimaterial composites possessing periodical cracks along the interface. It first presents an overview of the literature, and then analyzes the isotropic, anisotropic and piezoelectric/dielectric properties of bimaterial components, gradually increasing the difficulty of the solutions discussed up to the coupled electromechanical problems. While in the case of isotropic and anisotropic materials it covers the problems generated by an arbitrary set of cracks, for the piezoelectric materials it focuses on studying the influence of the electric permittivity of the crack's filler, using not only a simple, fully electrically permeable model, but also a physically realistic, semi-permeable model. Throughout the analyses, the effects of the contact of the crack faces are taken into account so as to exclude the physically unrealistic interpenetration of the composite components that are typical of the classical open model. Further, the book derives and examines the mechanical and electromechanical fields, stress and electric intensity factors in detail. Providing extensive information on the fracture processes taking place in composite materials, the book helps readers become familiar with mathematical methods of complex function theory for obtaining exact analytical solutions.

This book presents the theoretical concepts of stress and strain, as well as the strengthening and fracture mechanisms of engineering materials in an accessible level for non-expert readers, but without losing scientific rigor. This volume fills the gap between the specialized books on mechanical behavior, physical metallurgy and material science and engineering books on strength of materials, structural design and materials failure. Therefore it is intended for college students and practicing engineers that are learning for the first time the mechanical behavior and failure of engineering materials or wish to deepen their understanding on these topics. The book includes specific topics seldom covered in other books, such as: how to determine a state of stress, the relation between stress definition and mechanical design, or the theory behind the methods included in industrial standards to assess defects or to determine fatigue life. The emphasis is put into the link between scientific knowledge and practical applications, including solved problems of the main topics, such as stress and strain calculation. Mohr's Circle, yield criteria, fracture mechanics, fatigue and creep life prediction. The volume covers both the original findings in the field of mechanical behavior of engineering materials, and the most recent and widely accepted theories and techniques applied to this topic. At the beginning of some selected topics that by the author's judgement are transcendental for this field of study, the prime references are given, as well as a brief biographical semblance of those who were the pioneers or original contributors. Finally, the intention of this book is to be a textbook for undergraduate and graduate courses on Mechanical Behavior, Mechanical Metallurgy and Materials Science, as well as a consulting and/or training material for practicing engineers in industry that deal with mechanical design, materials selection, material processing, structural integrity assessment, and for researchers that incursion for the first time in the topics covered in this book.

This book gives Abaqus users who make use of finite-element models in academic or practitioner-based research the in-depth program knowledge that allows them to debug a structural analysis model. The book provides many methods and guidelines for different analysis types and modes, that will help readers to solve problems that can arise with Abaqus if a structural model fails to converge to a solution. The use of Abaqus affords a general checklist approach to debugging analysis models, which can also be applied to structural analysis. The author uses step-by-step methods and detailed explanations of special features in order to identify the solutions to a variety of problems with finite-element models. The book promotes: * a diagnostic mode of thinking concerning error messages; * better material definition and the writing of user material subroutines; * work with the Abaqus mesher and best practice in doing so; * the writing of user element subroutines and contact features with convergence issues; and * consideration of hardware and software issues and a Windows HPC cluster solution. The methods and information provided facilitate job diagnostics and help to obtain converged solutions for finite-element models regarding structural component assemblies in static or dynamic analysis. The troubleshooting advice ensures that these solutions are both high-quality and cost-effective according to practical experience. The book offers an in-depth guide for students learning about Abaqus, as each problem and solution are complemented by examples and straightforward explanations. It is also useful for academics and structural engineers wishing to debug Abaqus models on the basis of error and warning messages that arise during finite-element modelling processing.

During the last decade significant progress has been made in the field of ship stability. Yet in spite of the progress made, numerous scientific and practical challenges still exist with regard to the accurate prediction of extreme motion and capsize dynamics for intact and damaged vessels, the probabilistic nature of extreme events, criteria that properly reflect the physics and operational safety of an intact or damaged vessel, and ways to provide relevant information on safe ship handling to ship operators. This book provides a comprehensive review of the above issues through the selection of representative papers presented at the unique series of international workshops and conferences on ship stability held between 2000 and 2009. The editorial committee has selected papers for this book from the following events: STAB 2000 Conference (Launceston, Tasmania), 5th Stability Workshop (Trieste, 2001), 6th Stability Workshop (Long Island, 2002), STAB 2003 Conference (Madrid), 7th Stability Workshop (Shanghai, 2004), 8th Stability Workshop (Istanbul, 2005), STAB 2006 Conference (Rio de Janeiro), 9th Stability Workshop (Hamburg, 2007), 10th Stability Workshop (Daejeon, 2008), and STAB 2009 Conference (St. Petersburg). The papers have been clustered around the following themes: Stability Criteria, Stability of the Intact Ship, Parametric Rolling, Broaching, Nonlinear Dynamics, Roll Damping, Probabilistic Assessment of Ship Capsize, Environmental Modelling, Damaged Ship Stability, CFD Applications, Design for Safety, Naval Vessels, and Accident Investigations.

This report presents the Round-Robin (RR) program and test results including a statistical evaluation of the RILEM TC195-DTD committee named "Recommendation for test methods for autogenous deformation (AD) and thermal dilation (TD) of early age concrete". The task of the committee was to investigate the linear test set-up for AD and TD measurements (Dilation Rigs) in the period from setting to the end of the hardening phase some weeks after. These are the stress-inducing deformations in a hardening concrete structure subjected to restraint conditions. The main task was to carry out an RR program on testing of AD of one concrete at 20 DegreesC isothermal conditions in Dilation Rigs. The concrete part materials were distributed to 10 laboratories (Canada, Denmark, France, Germany, Japan, The Netherlands, Norway, Sweden and USA), and in total 30 tests on AD were carried out. Some supporting tests were also performed, as well as a smaller RR on cement paste. The committee has worked out a test procedure recommendation which is reported separately and submitted acceptance as a RILEM method.

The main aim of this book is to demonstrate the fundamental theory of advanced solid mechanics through simplified derivations with details illustrations to deliver the principal concepts. It covers all conceptual principals on two- and three-dimensional stresses, strains, stress-strain relations, theory of elasticity and theory of plasticity in any type of solid materials including anisotropic, orthotropic, homogenous and isotropic. Detailed explanation and clear diagrams and drawings are accompanied with the use of proper jargons and notations to present the ideas and appropriate guide the readers to explore the core of the advanced solid mechanics backed by case studies and examples. Aimed at undergraduate, senior undergraduate students in advanced solid mechanics, solid mechanics, strength of materials, civil/mechanical engineering, this book Provides simplified explanation and detailed derivation of correlation and formula implemented in advanced solid mechanics Covers state of two and three-dimensional stresses and strains in solid materials in various conditions Describes principal constitutive models for various type of materials include of anisotropic, orthotropic, homogenous and isotropic materials. Includes stress-strain relation and theory of elasticity for solid materials. Explores inelastic behaviour of material, theory of plasticity and yielding criteria.

The main aim of this book is to demonstrate the fundamental theory of advanced solid mechanics through simplified derivations with details illustrations to deliver the principal concepts. It covers all conceptual principals on two- and three-dimensional stresses, strains, stress-strain relations, theory of elasticity and theory of plasticity in any type of solid materials including anisotropic, orthotropic, homogenous and isotropic. Detailed explanation and clear diagrams and drawings are accompanied with the use of proper jargons and notations to present the ideas and appropriate guide the readers to explore the core of the advanced solid mechanics backed by case studies and examples. Aimed at undergraduate, senior undergraduate students in advanced solid mechanics, solid mechanics, strength of materials, civil/mechanical engineering, this book Provides simplified explanation and detailed derivation of correlation and formula implemented in advanced solid mechanics Covers state of two and three-dimensional stresses and strains in solid materials in various conditions Describes principal constitutive models for various type of materials include of anisotropic, orthotropic, homogenous and isotropic materials. Includes stress-strain relation and theory of elasticity for solid materials. Explores inelastic behaviour of material, theory of plasticity and yielding criteria.

Fatigue has long been recognized as a mechanism that can provoke catastrophic material failure in structural applications and researchers are now turning to the development of prediction tools in order to reduce the cost of determining design criteria for any new material. Fatigue of Fiber-reinforced Composites explains these highly scientific subjects in a simple yet thorough way. Fatigue behavior of fiber-reinforced composite materials and structural components is described through the presentation of numerous experimental results. Many examples help the reader to visualize the failure modes of laminated composite materials and structural adhesively bonded joints. Theoretical models, based on these experimental data, are demonstrated and their capacity for fatigue life modeling and prediction is thoroughly assessed. Fatigue of Fiber-reinforced Composites gives the reader the opportunity to learn about methods for modeling the fatigue behavior of fiber-reinforced composites, about statistical analysis of experimental data, and about theories for life prediction under loading patterns that produce multiaxial fatigue stress states. The authors combine these theories to establish a complete design process that is able to predict fatigue life of fiber-reinforced composites under multiaxial, variable amplitude stress states. A classic design methodology is presented for demonstration and theoretical predictions are compared to experimental data from typical material systems used in the wind turbine rotor blade industry. Fatigue of Fiber-reinforced Composites also presents novel computational methods for modeling fatigue behavior of composite materials, such as artificial neural networks and genetic programming, as a promising alternative to the conventional methods. It is an ideal source of information for researchers and graduate students in mechanical engineering, civil engineering and materials science.

This open access book focuses on investigating predicting precursor information and key points of rockburst in mining engineering through laboratory experiment, theoretical analysis, numerical simulation and case studies. Understanding the evolution patterns for the microstructure instability of rock is a prerequisite for rockburst prediction. The book provides a guide for readers seeking to understand the evolution patterns for the microstrucure of rock failure, the predicting key point of rock failure and the rockburst predicting model. It will be an essential reference to understand mechanism of rockburst and sheds new light on dynamic disasters prediction. Chapters are carefully developed to cover (1) The evolution patterns for the microstructure instability of rock; (2) Rockburst hazard monitoring and predicting criterion and predicting models. The book addresses the issue with a holistic and systematic approach that investigates the occurrence mechanism of rockburst based on the evolution patterns for the microstructure of rock failure and establishes the predicting model of rockburst. This book will be of interest to researchers of mining engineering, rock mechanics engineering and safety engineering.

The sixth edition of Structural Dynamics: Theory and Computation is the complete and comprehensive text in the field. It presents modern methods of analysis and techniques adaptable to computer programming clearly and easily. The book is ideal as a text for advanced undergraduates or graduate students taking a first course in structural dynamics. It is arranged in such a way that it can be used for a one- or two-semester course, or span the undergraduate and graduate levels. In addition, this text will serve the practicing engineer as a primary reference. The text differs from the standard approach of other presentations in which topics are ordered by their mathematical complexity. This text is organized by the type of structural modeling. The author simplifies the subject by presenting a single degree-of-freedom system in the first chapters, then moves to systems with many degrees-of-freedom in the following chapters. Finally, the text moves to applications of the first chapters and special topics in structural dynamics. This revised textbook intends to provide enhanced learning materials for students to learn structural dynamics, ranging from basics to advanced topics, including their application. When a line-by-line programming language is included with solved problems, students can learn course materials easily and visualize the solved problems using a program. Among several programming languages, MATLAB (R) has been adopted by many academic institutions across several disciplines. Many educators and students in the U.S. and many international institutions can readily access MATLAB (R), which has an appropriate programming language to solve and simulate problems in the textbook. It effectively allows matrix manipulations and plotting of data. Therefore, multi-degree-of freedom problems can be solved in conjunction with the finite element method using MATLAB (R).The revised version will include: * solved 34 examples in Chapters 1 through 22 along with MALAB codes. * basics of earthquake design with current design codes (ASCE 7-16 and IBC 2018). * additional figures obtained from MATLAB codes to illustrate time-variant structural behavior and dynamic characteristics (e.g., time versus displacement and spectral chart). This text is essential for civil engineering students. Professional civil engineers will find it an ideal reference.

This book compiles solutions of linear theory of elasticity problems for isotropic and anisotropic bodies with sharp and rounded notches. It contains an overview of established and recent achievements, and presents the authors' original solutions in the field considered with extensive discussion. The volume demonstrates through numerous, useful examples the effectiveness of singular integral equations for obtaining exact solutions of boundary problems of the theory of elasticity for bodies with cracks and notches. Incorporating analytical and numerical solutions of the problems of stress concentrations in solid bodies with crack-like defects, this volume is ideal for scientists and PhD students dealing with the problems of theory of elasticity and fracture mechanics.

Presenting original results from both theoretical and numerical viewpoints, this text offers a detailed discussion of the variational approach to brittle fracture. The key to this approach is viewing crack growth as the result of a competition between bulk and surface energy. The variational approach that the authors champion provides an incisive picture of initiation and propagation whose features are detailed. It treats crack evolution from its initiation all the way to the failure of a sample. The authors set forth tested-and-proven models that you can use to gauge crack initiation, crack path, and crack extension for arbitrary geometries and loads. Although the material is mathematical in nature, the authors avoid unnecessary technicalities. They also connect the variational approach with more classical treatments of fracture, demonstrating the distinct results of each approach in simple test settings and via relevant numerical simulations.

This book was written to facilitate column sizing and reinforcement design for structural engineers. It arranges the design data in a clearly structured manner, and provides quick and easy ways for engineers to compare the feasibility of multiple alternatives (various column sizes and reinforcement configurations). With the help of this book, engineers can rapidly produce outputs for architects, which the latter can incorporate into their architectural layout plans. These outputs can also benefit quantity surveyors, especially for costing purposes, and help avoid careless design errors. The book is chiefly intended for structural engineers who implement Eurocode 2 for reinforced concrete design. To gain the most from it, readers should possess a basic understanding of column design, e.g. the stresses and forces produced in columns and their reinforcements when subjected to axial load and bending moment. However, the book also provides explanatory notes for the design data tables, allowing them to be used without prior background knowledge.

This book provides a systematic and comprehensive interdisciplinary overview of ductile mode cutting of brittle materials, covering a range of topics from the fundamental physics to engineering practices. Discussing the machining mechanics and material properties, it explains the fundamental mechanism of ductile-to-brittle transition in the cutting of brittle materials. It also presents theoretical modeling and molecular dynamic simulation to demonstrate that ductile mode cutting can be achieved under certain conditions, as well as extensive experimental studies that produced smooth and damage-free surfaces on different materials, such as silicon, glass, tungsten carbide and calcium fluoride. Lastly, it explores how the ductile mode cutting performance and machinability of brittle materials can be further improved by hybrid machining processes like ultrasonic vibration and thermal-assisted cutting technologies in order to meet industry demands.

This book provides an overview of direct methods such as limit and shakedown analysis, which are intended to do away with the need for cumbersome step-by-step calculations and determine the loading limits of mechanical structures under monotone, cyclic or variable loading with unknown loading history. The respective contributions demonstrate how tremendous advances in numerical methods, especially in optimization, have contributed to the success of direct methods and their practical applicability to engineering problems in structural mechanics, pavement and general soil mechanics, as well as the design of composite materials. The content reflects the outcomes of the workshop "Direct Methods: Methodological Progress and Engineering Applications," which was offered as a mini-symposium of PCM-CMM 2019, held in Cracow, Poland in September 2019.

Introduction to Solid Mechanics: An Integrated Approach presents for the first time in one text the concepts and processes covered in statics and mechanics of materials curricula following a granular, topically integrated approach. Since the turn of the millennium, it has become common in engineering schools to combine the traditional undergraduate offerings in rigid-body statics (usually called "statics") and deformable body mechanics (known traditionally as "strength of materials" or, more recently, "mechanics of materials") into a single, introductory course in solid mechanics. Many textbooks for the new course sequentially meld pieces of existing, discrete books--sometimes, but not always, acknowledging the origin--into two halves covering Statics and Mechanics of Materials. In this volume, Professors Lubliner and Papadopoulos methodically combine the essentials of statics and mechanics of materials, illustrating the relationship of concepts throughout, into one "integrated" text. Introduction to Solid Mechanics: An Integrated Perspective offers a holistic treatment of the depth and breadth of solid mechanics, proceeding from first principles to applications.

In this book, all physical laws are derived from a small number of invariant integrals which express the conservation of energy, mass, or momentum. This new approach allows us to unify the laws of theoretical physics, to simplify their derivation, and to discover some novel or more universal laws. Newton's Law of gravity is generalized to take into account cosmic forces of repulsion, Archimedes' principle of buoyancy is modified for account of the surface tension, and Coulomb's Laws for rolling friction and for the interaction of electric charges are substantially repaired and generalized. For postgraduate students, lecturers and researchers.

This monograph examines the stability of various coupled systems with local Kelvin-Voigt damping. The development of this area is thoroughly reviewed along with the authors' contributions. New results are featured on the fundamental properties of solutions of linear transmission evolution PDEs involving Kelvin-Voigt damping, with special emphasis on the asymptotic behavior of these solutions. The vibrations of transmission problems are highlighted as well, making this a valuable resource for those studying this active area of research. The book begins with a brief description of the abstract theory of linear evolution equations with a particular focus on semigroup theory. Different types of stability are also introduced along with their connection to resolvent estimates. After this foundation is established, different models are presented for uni-dimensional and multi-dimensional linear transmission evolution partial differential equations with Kelvin-Voigt damping. Stabilization of Kelvin-Voigt Damped Systems will be a useful reference for researchers in mechanics, particularly those interested in the study of control theory of PDEs.