This volume gives an overview on recent developments for various applications of modern engineering design. Different engineering disciplines such as mechanical, materials, computer and process engineering provide the foundation for the design and development of improved structures, materials and processes. The modern design cycle is characterized by an interaction of different disciplines and a strong shift to computer-based approaches where only a few experiments are performed for verification purposes. A major driver for this development is the increased demand for cost reduction, which is also connected to environmental demands. In the transportation industry (e.g. automotive or aerospace), this is connected with the demand for higher fuel efficiency, which is related to the operational costs and the lower harm for the environment. One way to fulfil such requirements are lighter structures and/or improved processes for energy conversion. Another emerging area is the interaction of classical engineering with the health and medical sector. In this book, many examples of the mentioned design applications are presented.

The linearized theory of elasticity has long played an important role in engineering analysis. From the cast-iron and steel truss bridges of the eighteenth century to the international Space station, engineers have used the linearized theory of elasticity to help guide them in making design decisions effecting the strength, stiffness, weight, and cost of structures and components.

The Linearized Theory of Elasticity is a modern treatment of the linearized theory of elasticity, presented as a specialization of the general theory of continuum mechanics. It includes a comprehensive introduction to tensor analysis, a rigorous development of the governing field equations with an emphasis on recognizing the assumptions and approximations inherent in the linearized theory, specification of boundary conditions, and a survey of solution methods for important classes of problems. It covers two- and three-dimensional problems, torsion of noncircular cylinders, variational methods, and complex variable methods.

The mathematical framework behind the theory is developed in detail, with the assumptions behind the eventual linearization made clear, so that the reader will be adequately prepared for further studies in continuum mechanics, nonlinear elasticity, inelasticity, fracture mechanics, and/or finite elements. Prior to linearization, configurations and general (finite deformation) measures of strain and stress are discussed. A modern treatment of the theory of tensors and tensor calculus is used. General curvilinear coordinates are described in an appendix.

An extensive treatment of important solutions and solution methods, including the use of potentials, variational methods, andcomplex variable methods, follows the development of the linearized theory. Special topics include antiplane strain, plane strain/stress, torsion of noncircular cylinders, and energy minimization principles. Solutions for dislocations, inclusions, and crack-tip stress fields are discussed. Development of the skills and physical insight necessary for solving problems is emphasized. In presenting solutions to problems, attention is focused on the line of reasoning behind the solution.

Topics and Features:

* Can be used without prerequisite course in continuum mechanics

* Includes over one hundred problems

* Maintains a clear connection between linearized elasticity and the general theory of continuum mechanics

* Introduces theory in the broader context of continuum mechanics prior to linearization, providing a strong foundation for further studies

* Promotes the development of the skills and physical intuition necessary for deriving analytic solutions

* Provides readers with tools necessary to solve original problems through extensive coverage of solution methods

The book is ideal for a broad audience including graduate students, professionals, and researchers in the field of solid mechanics. This new text/reference is an excellent resource designed to introduce students in mechanical or civil engineering to the linearized theory of elasticity.

This book focusses on all advanced methods of joining such as friction stir welding, joining by plastic deformation, laser welding, advanced mechanical joining, adhesive bonding and hybrid joining. The volume presents the state-of-the-art of advanced methods of joining and also serves as a reference for researchers and graduate students working in this field. This book gathers selected contributions of the 2nd International Conference on Advanced Joining Processes 2021, held in Sintra, Portugal, on October 21-22, 2021.

This book presents an introduction, a discussion of the concept of the design and the concrete's development, and the properties and testing of the concrete in fresh and hardened stages. After an introduction to the principles of cement and concrete composites, the reader will find information on the principles of quantum-scaled cement, low-carbon cement, fiber-reinforced concrete, reactive powder concrete, and tailor-made recycled aggregate concrete.

This book was written with a dual purpose, as a reference book for practicing engineers and as a textbook for students of prestressed concrete. It represents the fifth generation of books on this subject written by its author. Significant additions and revisions have been made in this edition. Chapters 2 and 3 contain new material intended to assist the engineer in understanding factors affecting the time-dependent properties of the reinforcement and concrete used in prestressing concrete, as well as to facilitate the evaluation of their effects on prestress loss and deflection. Flexural strength, shear strength, and bond of prestressed concrete members were treated in a single chapter in the of flexural strength has third edition. Now, in the fourth edition, the treatment been expanded, with more emphasis on strain compatibility, and placed in Chapter 5 which is devoted to this subject alone. Chapter 6 of this edition, on flexural-shear strength, torsional strength, and bond of prestressed reinforce ment, was expanded to include discussions of Compression Field Theory and torsion that were not treated in the earlier editions. In similar fashion, expanded discussions of loss of prestress, deflection, and partial prestressing now are presented separately, in Chapter 7. Minor additions and revisions have been made to the material contained in the remaining chapters with the exception of xv xvi I PREFACE Chapter 17. This chapter, which is devoted to construction considerations, has important new material on constructibility and tolerances as related to prestressed concrete."

This comprehensive textbook focuses on the torsion in thin walled structures, highlights the nuances of the problems faced and succinctly discusses warping, bimoment, etc. Since in several thin walled structures, torsion is the only or dominant loading, this book addresses such unique structures as well. It provides a concise explanation of the warping properties and how they are evaluated. Thin walled structures with torsion as the preponderant loading are then treated using classical and finite element methods. No prior knowledge of the finite element method is required as the method is introduced from the basics. The same problem is worked out by both approaches so that the concepts are clearly understood by the readers. The book includes pedagogical features such as end-of-chapter questions and worked out examples to augment learning and self-testing. The book will be useful for graduate courses as well as for professional development coursework for structural engineers in the aerospace, mechanical, and civil engineering domains.

This book presents a unique approach for studying mechanisms and machines with drawings that were depicted unclearlyin ancient Chinese books.
The historical, cultural and technical backgrounds of the mechanisms are explained, and various mechanisms described and illustrated in ancient books are introduced. By utilizing the idea for the conceptual design of modern mechanisms, all feasible designs of ancient mechanisms with uncertain members and joints that meet the technical standards of the subjects' time periods are synthesized systematically. Ancient Chinese crossbows (the original crossbow and repeating crossbows), textile mechanisms (silk-reeling mechanism, spinning mechanisms, and looms), and many otherartisan's toolmechanisms are used as illustrated examples. Such an approach provides a logicalmethod for the reconstruction designs of ancient mechanisms with uncertain structures. It also provides an innovative direction for researchers to further identify the original structures of mechanisms and machines with drawings in ancient literature.
This book can be used as a textbook and/or supplemental reading material for courses related to history of ancient (Chinese) machinery and creative mechanism design for senior and graduate students.

This book presents articles from The Australasian Conference on the Mechanics of Structures and Materials (ACMSM25 held in Brisbane, December 2018), celebrating the 50th anniversary of the conference. First held in Sydney in 1967, it is one of the longest running conferences of its kind, taking place every 2-3 years in Australia or New Zealand. Bringing together international experts and leaders to disseminate recent research findings in the fields of structural mechanics, civil engineering and materials, it offers a forum for participants from around the world to review, discuss and present the latest developments in the broad discipline of mechanics and materials in civil engineering.

This book addresses several important issues concerning the nanomechanics of graphene, an area that is vital to a fundamental understanding of graphene deformation, and to the design of graphene-related materials. The content chiefly focuses on the out-of-plane mechanical behaviors of graphene, and their effects on the mechanical properties of graphene composites. In addition, the book puts forward original theoretical mechanical models based on continuum mechanics, discontinuous effects and atomistic simulations. The findings presented here can provide the basis for valuable guidelines on the design and application of graphene and graphene composites in the field of nanomechanics.

This highly detailed handbook is a resource for those entering the field of stress analysis and instrumentation. The authors were brought together to provide their expert experience and have presented many practical solutions.

This collection presents 49 contributions by engineers, architects, biologists, and applied mathematicians interested in deployable structures. Aerospace structures are currently at the leading edge, and this is reflected by a larger number of contributions covering the full spectrum of concepts, simulations, testing, and working systems.

This book focuses on the mathematical potential and computational efficiency of the Boundary Element Method (BEM) for modeling seismic wave propagation in either continuous or discrete inhomogeneous elastic/viscoelastic, isotropic/anisotropic media containing multiple cavities, cracks, inclusions and surface topography. BEM models may take into account the entire seismic wave path from the seismic source through the geological deposits all the way up to the local site under consideration. The general presentation of the theoretical basis of elastodynamics for inhomogeneous and heterogeneous continua in the first part is followed by the analytical derivation of fundamental solutions and Green's functions for the governing field equations by the usage of Fourier and Radon transforms. The numerical implementation of the BEM is for antiplane in the second part as well as for plane strain boundary value problems in the third part. Verification studies and parametric analysis appear throughout the book, as do both recent references and seminal ones from the past. Since the background of the authors is in solid mechanics and mathematical physics, the presented BEM formulations are valid for many areas such as civil engineering, geophysics, material science and all others concerning elastic wave propagation through inhomogeneous and heterogeneous media. The material presented in this book is suitable for self-study. The book is written at a level suitable for advanced undergraduates or beginning graduate students in solid mechanics, computational mechanics and fracture mechanics.

This book presents the proceedings of the '2nd International Conference on Advanced Surface Enhancement', INCASE 2021. It comprehensively reviews the state-of-the-arts in surface engineering related techniques and strategies, towards industrialization. The topics include 'Advances in Surface Engineering', 'Surface and sub-surface Characterisation', 'Surface Coatings' and 'Modeling and Simulation'. With the opportunities and challenges discussed, this book identifies the gaps between research and manufacturing. The innovative ideas presented promote technology adoption in industry, for the future of manufacturing.

This special volume of the series Lecture Notes in Applied and Computational Mechanics is a compendium of reviewed articles presented at the 11th EUROMECH-MECAMAT conference entitled "Mechanics of microstructured solids: cellular materials, fibre reinforced solids and soft tissues", which took place in Torino (Italy) in March 10-14, 2008, at the Museo Regional delle Scienze. This EUROMECH-MECAMAT conference was jointly organized by the Dipar- mento di Matematica dell'Universita di Torino, Italy and the INPL Institute (LEMTA, Nancy-Universite, France). Prof. Franco Pastrone and Prof. Jean- Francois Ganghoffer were the co-chairmen. The conference brought together 50 scientists from 11 European countries, and was aimed at defining the current state of the art in the growing field of cellular and fibrous materials in Europe. Participants had interests in the constitutive m- els of micro-structured solids, non-linear wave propagation, setting up of models and identification of fibre reinforced solids, and soft tissue behaviour in a bio- chanical context. The conference covered most of the mechanical and material aspects, grouped in the following four sessions: * Fibre reinforced materials; * Soft biological tissues; * Generalized continua: models and materials; * Non-linear wave propagation. The high quality talks showed a good balance between modelling and material - pects. An important part of the colloquium, with 12 presentations, was devoted to various aspects of the biomechanics of soft tissues, such as cell adhesion, consti- tive models of soft tissues (brain; arteries), or models of blood flow.

This book discusses the stability of axially moving materials, which are encountered in process industry applications such as papermaking. A special emphasis is given to analytical and semianalytical approaches. As preliminaries, we consider a variety of problems across mechanics involving bifurcations, allowing to introduce the techniques in a simplified setting. In the main part of the book, the fundamentals of the theory of axially moving materials are presented in a systematic manner, including both elastic and viscoelastic material models, and the connection between the beam and panel models. The issues that arise in formulating boundary conditions specifically for axially moving materials are discussed. Some problems involving axially moving isotropic and orthotropic elastic plates are analyzed. Analytical free-vibration solutions for axially moving strings with and without damping are derived. A simple model for fluid--structure interaction of an axially moving panel is presented in detail. This book is addressed to researchers, industrial specialists and students in the fields of theoretical and applied mechanics, and of applied and computational mathematics.

This book provides readers with basic concepts and design theories for space robots and presents essential methodologies for implementing space robot engineering by introducing several concrete projects as illustrative examples. Readers will gain a comprehensive understanding of professional theories in the field of space robots, and will find an initial introduction to the engineering processes involved in developing space robots. Rapid advances in technologies such as the Internet of Things, Cloud Computing, and Artificial Intelligence have also produced profound changes in space robots. With the continuous expansion of human exploration of the universe, it is imperative for space robots to be capable of sharing knowledge, working collaboratively, and becoming more and more intelligent so as to optimize the utilization of space resources. For on-orbit robots that perform service tasks such as spacecraft assembly and maintenance, as well as exploration robots that carry out research tasks on planetary surfaces, the rational integration into a network system can greatly improve their capabilities in connection with executing outer space tasks, such as information gathering and utilization, independent decision-making and planning, risk avoidance, and reliability, while also significantly reducing resource consumption for the system as a whole.

This book is intended to provide a compilation of the state-of-the-art numerical methods for nonlinear fluid-structure interaction using the moving boundary Lagrangian-Eulerian formulation. Single and two-phase viscous incompressible fluid flows are considered with the increasing complexity of structures ranging from rigid-body, linear elastic and nonlinear large deformation to fully-coupled flexible multibody system. This book is unique with regard to computational modeling of such complex fluid-structure interaction problems at high Reynolds numbers, whereby various coupling techniques are introduced and systematically discussed. The techniques are demonstrated for large-scale practical problems in aerospace and marine/offshore engineering. This book also provides a comprehensive understanding of underlying unsteady physics and coupled mechanical aspects of the fluid-structure interaction from a computational point of view. Using the body-fitted and moving mesh formulations, the physical insights associated with structure-to-fluid mass ratios (i.e., added mass effects), Reynolds number, large structural deformation, free surface, and other interacting physical fields are covered. The book includes the basic tools necessary to build the concepts required for modeling such coupled fluid-structure interaction problems, thus exposing the reader to advanced topics of multiphysics and multiscale phenomena.

An in-depth treatment of the transient stability problem, its physical description and formulation. Discusses methods for transient stability analysis, sensitivity assessment and control. Considers conventional and non-conventional techniques including direct and artificial intelligence, system theory, load modeling, evaluation of machine parameters, saturation effects and pattern recognition approaches. Features practical examples and simulation results.

This book gathers papers presented at the 36th conference and 30th Symposium of the International Committee on Aeronautical Fatigue and Structural integrity. Focusing on the main theme of "Structural Integrity in the Age of Additive Manufacturing", the chapters cover different aspects concerning research, developments and challenges in this field, offering a timely reference guide to designers, regulators, manufacturer, and both researchers and professionals of the broad aerospace community.

Although rigidity has been studied since the time of Lagrange (1788) and Maxwell (1864), it is only in the last twenty-five years that it has begun to find applications in the basic sciences. The modern era starts with Laman (1970), who made the subject rigorous in two dimensions, followed by the development of computer algorithms that can test over a million sites in seconds and find the rigid regions, and the associated pivots, leading to many applications. This workshop was organized to bring together leading researchers studying the underlying theory, and to explore the various areas of science where applications of these ideas are being implemented.

The book explores the geometric and kinematic design of the various types of gears most commonly used in practical applications, also considering the problems concerning their cutting processes. The cylindrical spur and helical gears are first considered, determining their main geometric quantities in the light of interference and undercut problems, as well as the related kinematic parameters. Particular attention is paid to the profile shift of these types of gears either generated by rack-type cutter or by pinion-rack cutter. Among other things, profile-shifted toothing allows to obtain teeth shapes capable of greater strength and more balanced specific sliding, as well as to reduce the number of teeth below the minimum one to avoid the operating interference or undercut. These very important aspects of geometric-kinematic design of cylindrical spur and helical gears are then generalized and extended to the other examined types of gears most commonly used in practical applications, such as: straight bevel gears; crossed helical gears; worm gears; spiral bevel and hypoid gears. Finally, ordinary gear trains, planetary gear trains and face gear drives are discussed. Includes fully-developed exercises to draw the reader's attention to the problems that are of interest to the designer, as well as to clarify the calculation procedure Topics are addressed from a theoretical standpoint, but in such a way as not to lose sight of the physical phenomena that characterize the various types of gears which are examined The analytical and numerical solutions are formulated so as to be of interest not only to academics, but also to designers who deal with actual engineering problems concerning the gears

This book acts as a guide to simple models that describe some of the complex fluid dynamics, heat/mass transfer and combustion processes in droplets and sprays. Attention is focused mainly on the use of classical hydrodynamics, and a combination of kinetic and hydrodynamic models, to analyse the heating and evaporation of mono- and multi-component droplets. The models were developed for cases when small and large numbers of components are present in droplets. Some of these models are used for the prediction of time to puffing/micro-explosion of composite water/fuel droplets - processes that are widely used in combustion devices to stimulate disintegration of relatively large droplets into smaller ones. The predictions of numerical codes based on these models are validated against experimental results where possible. In most of the models, droplets are assumed to be spherical; some preliminary results of the generalisation of these models to the case of non-spherical droplets, approximating them as spheroids, are presented.

This contributed volume explores the applications of various topics in modern differential geometry to the foundations of continuum mechanics. In particular, the contributors use notions from areas such as global analysis, algebraic topology, and geometric measure theory. Chapter authors are experts in their respective areas, and provide important insights from the most recent research. Organized into two parts, the book first covers kinematics, forces, and stress theory, and then addresses defects, uniformity, and homogeneity. Specific topics covered include: Global stress and hyper-stress theories Applications of de Rham currents to singular dislocations Manifolds of mappings for continuum mechanics Kinematics of defects in solid crystals Geometric Continuum Mechanics will appeal to graduate students and researchers in the fields of mechanics, physics, and engineering who seek a more rigorous mathematical understanding of the area. Mathematicians interested in applications of analysis and geometry will also find the topics covered here of interest.

This book contains full papers presented at the First Virtual Conference on Mechanical Fatigue (VCMF 2020), which was organised by the University of Porto (FEUP, Portugal), the Wroclaw University of Science and Technology (Poland), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (China), Siberian Federal University (Russia), and the ESIS/TC12 Technical Committee (European Structural Integrity Society-ESIS), between 9 and 11 of September 2020. This conference was intended to be a forum of discussion of new research concepts, equipment, technology, materials and structures and other scientific advances within the field of mechanical fatigue and fracture. The first edition of the VCMF 2020 event has reached more than 60 participants from more than 20 nationalities demonstrating the vitality of this new event.

Modern engineering materials subjected to unfavorable mechanical and environmental conditions decrease in strength due to the accumulation of microstructural changes. For example, considering damage in metals we can mention creep damage, ductile plastic damage, embrittlement of steels and fatigue damage. To properly estimate the value of damage when designing reliable structures it is necessary to formulate the damage phenomenon in terms of mechanics. Then it is possible to analyse various engineering problems using analytical and computational techniques. During the last two decades the basic principles of continuum damage mechanics were formulated and some special problems were solved. Many scientific papers were published and several conferences on damage mechanics took place. Now continuum damage mechanics is rapidly developing branch of fracture mechanics. This book is probably the first one on the subject; it contains a sys tematic description of the basic aspects of damage mechanics and some of its applications. In general, a theoretical description of damage can be rather compli cated. The experiments in this field are difficult (especially under multiax ial stress and non-proportional loading). Therefore, experimental data, as a rule, are scarce. Determination of functions and constants, which play a role in the complex variants of the theory, from available experimental data is often practically impossible. ix L.M. Kachanov The problems of damage mechanics are mainly engineering ones. Therefore, the author tries to avoid superfluous mathematical formalism. Some more details of the book's subject can be found in the list of con tents."