Smart (intelligent) structures have been the focus of a great deal of recent research interest. In this book, leading researchers report the state of the art and discuss new ideas, results and trends in 43 contributions, covering fundamental research issues, the role of intelligent monitoring in structural identification and damage assessment, the potential of automatic control systems in achieving a desired structural behaviour, and a number of practical issues in the analysis and design of smart structures in mechanical and civil engineering applications. Audience: A multidisciplinary reference for materials scientists and engineers in such areas as mechanical, civil, aeronautical, electrical, control, and computer engineering.

This book presents a modern continuum mechanics and mathematical framework to study shell physical behaviors, and to formulate and evaluate finite element procedures. With a view towards the synergy that results from physical and mathematical understanding, the book focuses on the fundamentals of shell theories, their mathematical bases and finite element discretizations. The complexity of the physical behaviors of shells is analysed, and the difficulties to obtain uniformly optimal finite element procedures are identified and studied. Some modern finite element methods are presented for linear and nonlinear analyses. In this Second Edition the authors give new developments in the field and - to make the book more complete - more explanations throughout the text, an enlarged section on general variational formulations and new sections on 3D-shell models, dynamic analyses, and triangular elements. The analysis of shells represents one of the most challenging fields in all of mechanics, and encompasses various fundamental and generally applicable components. Specifically, the material presented in this book regarding geometric descriptions, tensors and mixed variational formulations is fundamental and widely applicable also in other areas of mechanics.

Your ticket to excelling in mechanics of materials

With roots in physics and mathematics, engineering mechanics is the basis of all the mechanical sciences: civil engineering, materials science and engineering, mechanical engineering, and aeronautical and aerospace engineering.

Tracking a typical undergraduate course, "Mechanics of Materials For Dummies" gives you a thorough introduction to this foundational subject. You'll get clear, plain-English explanations of all the topics covered, including principles of equilibrium, geometric compatibility, and material behavior; stress and its relation to force and movement; strain and its relation to displacement; elasticity and plasticity; fatigue and fracture; failure modes; application to simple engineering structures, and more.Tracks to a course that is a prerequisite for most engineering majorsCovers key mechanics concepts, summaries of useful equations, and helpful tips

From geometric principles to solving complex equations, "Mechanics of Materials For Dummies" is an invaluable resource for engineering students

This book presents a simple analytical method based on the extended rod theory that allows the earthquake resistance of high-rise buildings to be easily and accurately evaluated at the preliminary design stage. It also includes practical software for applying the extended rod theory to the dynamic analysis of actual buildings and structures. High-rise buildings in large cities, built on soft ground consisting of sedimentary rock, tend to have low natural frequency. If ground motion due to an earthquake occurs at distant hypocenters, the vibration wave can be propagated through several sedimentary layers and act on skyscrapers as a long-period ground motion, potentially producing a resonance phenomenon that can cause severe damage. Accordingly, there is a pressing need to gauge the earthquake resistance of existing skyscrapers and to improve their seismic performance. This book was written by authors who have extensive experience in tall-building seismic design in Japan. The software included enables readers to perform dynamic calculations of skyscrapers' resistance to vibrations. As such, it offers a valuable resource for practitioners and engineers, as well as students of civil engineering.

This is the Proceedings of the IUTAM Symposium on Solver Coupling and Co-Simulation that was held in Darmstadt, Germany, September 18-20, 2017. The symposium focused on recent advances in the development of numerical methods for solver coupling, like new explicit, implicit and semi-implicit co-simulation methods, new approaches for realizing variable communication-time grids, and advances in the stability and convergence analysis of solver coupling methods. Recent developments in the practical application of co-simulation methods, for instance new fields of application for solver coupling approaches, new developments in the parallelization of dynamic models with co-simulation techniques, and standardization of co-simulation interfaces, i.e. standardization of data and model exchange were also discussed. The book brings together the research results of leading scientists in applied mathematics, mechanics, and engineering science, thus contributing to further develop numerical methods for coupled simulations.

The edited book comprises invited book chapter contributions from global experts in the field of sustainable materials and resilient infrastructure. The book covers the most critical and emerging topics for creating sustainable solutions for the construction industry, promoting the technologies and monitoring methods for resilient infrastructure. It focuses on sustainable solutions and offers techniques and methodologies to deliver high-quality end solutions in civil engineering. In addition, the content provides knowledge-based information for the readers to assess, monitor, measure, and practice sustainability for resilient infrastructure. The contents of the volume are a blend of academic research work and industrial case studies. It covers the use of sustainable materials like Lime-Pozzolona Binders, biopolymers, lignosulphonate, lightweight aggregates made from fly ash, calcinated clay, paper ash, and limestone as amendments/ameliorators for soil remediation, development of neo-construction materials and composites for civil engineering applications. Design of innovative pavements using alkali activation and pervious concrete for sustainable infrastructure is also discussed. The chapters also highlight the role of civil engineers in achieving UN Sustainable Development Goals, promoting climate change design for urban landscapes, and modelling building energy demand. This book is framed to address the principles and practice from the corners of geoenvironment, sustainable construction materials, low carbon materials, energy efficiency, and waste management. It is a valuable reference for faculty, researchers, field experts, scientists, and practicing engineers.

This book covers most of the damage mechanism in the scope of mechanical engineering and civil engineering. The failure pattern of various materials and structures is mainly discussed. The sub-topics covers fatigue damage, fatigue crack initiation and propagation, life prediction techniques, computational fracture mechanics, dynamic fracture, damage mechanics and assessment, non-destructive test (NDT), concrete failure assessment, failure on soil structures, structural durability and reliability, structural health monitoring, construction damage recovery, and any relevant topics related to failure analysis.

This second part of the work on creep modeling offers readers essential guidance on practical computational simulation and analysis. Drawing on constitutive equations for creep in structural materials under multi-axial stress states, it applies these equations, which are developed in detail in part 1 of the work, to a diverse range of examples.

This text presents the techniques for a wide set of applications, ranging from the problems of size and shape optimization (historically the first to be studied) to topology and material optimization. Structural models are considered that use both discrete and finite elements. Structural materials can be classical or new. Emerging methods are also addressed, such as automatic differentiation, intelligent structures optimization, integration of structural optimization in concurrent engineering environments, and multidisciplinary optimization. This text should be of interest to researchers and designers in industries such as aerospace, automotive, mechanical, civil, nuclear, naval and offshore. It provides a reference for advanced undergraduate or graduate courses on structural optimization and optimum design.

This book describes the current state of knowledge in the field of multi-scale ECM mechanics and mechanobiology with a focus on experimental and modelling studies in biomechanical characterization, advanced optical microscopy and imaging, as well as computational modeling. This book also discusses the scale dependency of ECM mechanics, translation of mechanical forces from tissue to cellular level, and advances and challenges in improving our understanding of cellular mechanotransduction in the context of living tissues and organisms.

This volume is concerned with the basic problems of the theory of thermoelasticity for three models of continuous bodies: materials with voids, micropolar solids and nonsimple bodies.
Beginning with the basic laws of thermodynamics, the theory of thermoelastic materials with voids is treated. Two subsequent chapters cover the analysis of the linear theory of micropolar thermoelastic bodies. The book concludes with a study of nonsimple thermoelastic materials, which are characterised by the inclusion of higher gradients of displacement in the basic postulates. Relevant examples and exercises which illustrate the theory are given throughout the text.
The book should be of interest to mathematicians and specialists working in the fields of elasticity, thermoelasticity, civil engineering and geophysics.

This volume contains the proceedings of the XIX International Colloquium on Mechanical Fatigue of Metals, held at the Faculty of Engineering of the University of Porto, Portugal, 5-7 September 2018. This International Colloquium facilitated and encouraged the exchange of knowledge and experiences among the different communities involved in both basic and applied research in the field of the fatigue of metals, looking at the problem of fatigue exploring analytical and numerical simulative approaches. Fatigue damage represents one of the most important types of damage to which structural materials are subjected in normal industrial services that can finally result in a sudden and unexpected abrupt fracture. Since metal alloys are still today the most used materials in designing the majority of components and structures able to carry the highest service loads, the study of the different aspects of metals fatigue attracts permanent attention of scientists, engineers and designers.

This book presents state-of-the-art experimental and modelling techniques for skin biophysics that are currently used in academic and industrial research. It also identifies current and future challenges, as well as a growing number of opportunities in this exciting research field. The book covers the basics of skin physiology, biology, microstructural and material properties, and progressively introduces the reader to established experimental characterisation protocols and modelling approaches. Advanced topics in modelling theories and numerical implementation are also presented. The book focusses especially on: 1. Basic physiology, molecular biology, microstructural and material properties of the skin. 2. Experimental characterisation techniques for the skin (including imaging): in vivo and in vitro techniques and combination of those with in silico approaches. 3. State-of-the-art constitutive models of the skin: elastic, anelastic and mechanobiological formulations (e.g. growth, ageing, healing). 4. Applications: mechanics, damage, biological growth, healing, ageing and skin tribology. This book is addressed to postgraduate students in biomedical/mechanical/civil engineering, (bio)physics and applied mathematics, postdoctoral researchers, as well as scientists and engineers working in academia and industry engaged in skin research, particularly, if at the cross-roads of physical experiments, imaging and modelling. The book is also be of interest to clinicians/biologists who wish to learn about the possibilities offered by modern engineering techniques for skin science research and, by so doing, provide them with an incentive to broaden their outlook, engage more widely with the non-clinical research communities and, ultimately, help cross-fertilising new ideas that will lead to better treatment plans and engineering solutions.

This volume contains selected and reviewed manuscripts from the 2nd Regional Conference on Mechanical and Marine Engineering (ReMME 2018), 'Sustainable Through Engineering,' which was held from November 7 to 9, 2018, at the Ipoh, Perak, Malaysia. This conference was organized by the Center of Refrigeration and Air Conditioning (CARe) and Center of Marine Engineering (CTME) Politeknik Ungku Omar, Jalan Raja Musa Mahadi, 31400 Ipoh, Perak. It discusses the expertise, skills, and techniques needed for the development of energy and renewable energy system, new materials and biomaterials, and marine technology. It focuses on finite element analysis, computational fluids dynamics, programming and mathematical methods that are used for engineering simulations, and present many state-of-the-art applications. For example, modern joining technologies can be used to fabricate new compound or composite materials, even those formed from dissimilar component materials. These composite materials are often exposed to harsh environments, must deliver specific characteristics, and are primarily used in automotive and marine technologies, i.e., ships, amphibious vehicles, docks, offshore structures, and even robots. An energy efficient methods such cogeneration, thermal energy storage and solar desalination also being highlighted as sustainable engineering in this book chapter. The committee members can be listed as follows: Patron:Dr. Hj. Zairon Mustapha (Director). Advisor: Muhmmad Zubir Mohd Hanifah (Deputy Director Academic), Dr. Azhar Abdullah (Head of Innovation, Research & Commercialization). Chairman 1: Dr. Adzuieen Nordin. Chairman 2: Hairi Haizri Che Amat. Secretariat 1: Dr. Woo Tze Keong. Secretariat 2: Dr. Saw Chun Lin. Secretary: Mahani Mohd Zamberi, Maslinda Rahmad. Floor Manager: Dr. Adzuieen Nordin, Marzuki Mohammad Treasurer: Shahrul Nahar Omar Kamal. Webmaster: Mohamad Asyraf Othoman, Mohd Assidiq Che Ahmad, Mohd Hashim Abd. Razak. Proceeding & Editorial: Didi Asmara Salim, Khairil Ashraf Ahmad Maliki, Khirwizam Md Hkhir. Publicity: Nur Azrina Zainal Ariff, Norsheila Buyamin, Rawaida Muhammad, Noor Khairunnisa Kamaruddin. Reviewer: Zakiman Zali, Shahril Jalil. Technical Manager: Mohd Faisol Saad. Springer Publication Editorial: Dr. Saw Chun Lin, Dr. Woo Tze Keong, Didi Asmara Salim, Dr. Salvinder Singh Karam Singh. Protocol & Opening Ceremony: Mohd Rizan Abdul, Yeoh Poh See. Souvenir: Sharifah Zainhuda Syed Tajul Ariffin. Registration: Muhammad Zaki Zainal, Adi Firdaus Hat, Nor Ashimy Mohd Noor, Mohd Naim Awang. Proofread: Shamsul Banu Mohamed Siddik, Fairuz Liza Shuhaimi. Logistics: Mohd Zulhairi Zulkipli, Ahmad Fithri Hasyimie Hashim. Multimedia: Muhammad Redzuan Che Noordin, Mohd Redzuwan Danuri, Ahmad Syawal Yeop Aziz. Liason: Roseazah Ramli, Amrul Zani Mahadi. Sponsorship: Zuraini Gani, Hazril Hisham Hussin.

This text closes the gap between traditional textbooks on structural dynamics and how structural dynamics is practiced in a world driven by commercial software, where performance-based design is increasingly important. The book emphasizes numerical methods, nonlinear response of structures, and the analysis of continuous systems (e.g., wave propagation). Fundamentals of Structural Dynamics: Theory and Computation builds the theory of structural dynamics from simple single-degree-of-freedom systems through complex nonlinear beams and frames in a consistent theoretical context supported by an extensive set of MATLAB codes that not only illustrate and support the principles, but provide powerful tools for exploration. The book is designed for students learning structural dynamics for the first time but also serves as a reference for professionals throughout their careers.

This book evaluates the importance of various historical sources and discusses their role in the creation and transmission of scientific knowledge. It presents an annotated translation of the introductory words given by Johan Ludvig Heiberg to his translation of the works of Archimedes. Further, it offers English translations of and commentaries on selected fundamental works by Ernst Hellinger and Gabrio Piola, which lay the groundwork for the modern theory of advanced materials, and also examines the criteria used to evaluate scientific works.

This monograph provides a compendium of established and novel error estimation procedures applied in the field of Computational Mechanics. It also includes detailed derivations of these procedures to offer insights into the concepts used to control the errors obtained from employing Galerkin methods in finite and linearized hyperelasticity. The Galerkin methods introduced are considered advanced methods because they remedy certain shortcomings of the well-established finite element method, which is the archetypal Galerkin (mesh-based) method. In particular, this monograph focuses on the systematical derivation of the shape functions used to construct both Galerkin mesh-based and meshfree methods. The mesh-based methods considered are the (conventional) displacement-based, (dual-)mixed, smoothed, and extended finite element methods. In addition, it introduces the element-free Galerkin and reproducing kernel particle methods as representatives of a class of Galerkin meshfree methods. Including illustrative numerical examples relevant to engineering with an emphasis on elastic fracture mechanics problems, this monograph is intended for students, researchers, and practitioners aiming to increase the reliability of their numerical simulations and wanting to better grasp the concepts of Galerkin methods and associated error estimation procedures.

This book offers a comprehensive and timely overview of the latest developments in the field of biomechanics and extensive knowledge of tissue structure, function, and modeling. Gathering chapters written by authoritative scientists, it reports on a range of continuum and computational models of solids, and related experimental works, for biomechanical applications. It discusses cutting-edge advances such as constitutive modeling and computational simulation of biological tissues and organs under physiological and pathological conditions, and their mechanical characterization. It covers innovative studies on arteries, heart, valvular tissue, and thrombus, brain tumor, muscle, liver, kidney, and stomach, among others. Written in honor of Professor Gerhard A. Holzapfel, the book provides specialized readers with a thorough and timely overview of different types of modeling in biomechanics, and current knowledge about biological structures and function.

This volume comprises the latest developments in both fundamental science and patient-specific applications, discussing topics such as: cellular mechanics, injury biomechanics, biomechanics of the heart and vascular system, algorithms of computational biomechanics for medical image analysis, and both patient-specific fluid dynamics and solid mechanics simulations. With contributions from researchers world-wide, Computational Biomechanics for Medicine: Measurments, Models, and Predictions provides an opportunity for specialists in the field to present their latest methodologies and advancements.

This is an intermediate book for beginning postgraduate students and junior researchers, and offers up-to-date content on both continuum mechanics and elasticity. The material is self-contained and should provide readers sufficient working knowledge in both areas. Though the focus is primarily on vector and tensor calculus (the so-called coordinate-free approach), the more traditional index notation is used whenever it is deemed more sensible. With the increasing demand for continuum modeling in such diverse areas as mathematical biology and geology, it is imperative to have various approaches to continuum mechanics and elasticity. This book presents these subjects from an applied mathematics perspective. In particular, it extensively uses linear algebra and vector calculus to develop the fundamentals of both subjects in a way that requires minimal use of coordinates (so that beginning graduate students and junior researchers come to appreciate the power of the tensor notation).

Thisbook traces the history of the concept of work from its earliest stages and shows that its further formalization leads to equilibrium principle and to the principle of virtual works, and so pointing the way ahead for future research and applications.

The idea that something remains constant in a machine operation is very old and has been expressed by many mathematicians and philosophers such as, for instance, Aristotle. Thus, a concept of energy developed. Another importantidea in machine operation is Archimedes'lever principle.

In modern times the concept of work is analyzed in the context of applied mechanics mainly in Lazare Carnot mechanics and the mechanics of the new generation of polytechnical engineers like Navier, Coriolis and Poncelet. In this context the word "work" is finally adopted. These engineers are also responsible for the incorporation of the concept of work into the discipline of economics when they endeavoured to combine the studyof the work of machines and men together."

Remarkable developments have taken place in the field of mechatronics in recent years. As symbolized by the "Janglish (Japanese English)" word, mechatronics, the technology and the social adaptation for introducing electronics into mechanics has been readily accepted in Japan. Currently robots are producing many products under computer control in Japanese factories, and supermarkets are utilizing automation systems for sample displays and sales. Further, the fast paced change in semiconductor chip technology has given rise to the need for micro-displacement positioning techniques. Actuators utilizing piezoelectridelectrostrictive effects are expected to meet these needs in mechanical components in the next micro mechatronic age. This book, in English, builds on my earlier publications concerned with ceramic actuators. The first edition titled "Essentials for Development and Applications of Piezoelectric Actuators" was published in 1984 through the Japan Industrial Technology Center. The second edition "PiezoelectriclElectrostrictive Actuators" published in Japanese through Morikita Pub. Co. (Tokyo) became one of the best sellers in that company in 1986, and was then translated into Korean. The problem solving edition "Piezoelectric Actuators -Problem Solving" was also published through Morikita, which was sold in conjunction with a 60 minute video tape to provide easy understanding."

This augmented and updated fourth edition introduces a new complement of computational tools and examples for each chapter and continues to provide a grounding in the tensor-based theory of elasticity for students in mechanical, civil, aeronautical and biomedical engineering and materials and earth science. Professor Gould's proven approach allows faculty to introduce this subject early on in an educational program, where students are able to understand and apply the basic notions of mechanics to stress analysis and move on to advanced work in continuum mechanics, plasticity, plate and shell theory, composite materials and finite element mechanics. With the introductory material on the use of MATLAB, students can apply this modern computational tool to solve classic elasticity problems. The detailed solutions of example problems using both analytical derivations and computational tools helps student to grasp the essence of elasticity and practical skills of applying the basic mechanics theorem.

This book includes a collection of state-of-the-art contributions addressing both theoretical developments in, and successful applications of, seismic structural health monitoring (S2HM). Over the past few decades, Seismic SHM has expanded considerably, due to the growing demand among various stakeholders (owners, managers and engineering professionals) and researchers. The discipline has matured in the process, as can be seen by the number of S2HM systems currently installed worldwide. Furthermore, the responses recorded by S2HM systems hold great potential, both with regard to the management of emergency situations and to ordinary maintenance needs. The book's 17 chapters, prepared by leading international experts, are divided into four major sections. The first comprises six chapters describing the specific requirements of S2HM systems for different types of civil structures and infrastructures (buildings, bridges, cultural heritage, dams, structures with base isolation devices) and for monitoring different phenomena (e.g. soil-structure interaction and excessive drift). The second section describes available methods and computational tools for data processing, while the third is dedicated to hardware and software tools for S2HM. In the book's closing section, five chapters report on state-of-the-art applications of S2HM around the world.

This book comprises the proceedings of the Virtual Seminar on Applied Mechanics 2021 organized by the Indian Society for Applied Mechanics. The contents of this volume focus on solid mechanics, fluid mechanics, biomechanics/biomedical engineering, materials science and design engineering. The authors are experienced practitioners and the chapters encompass up-to-date research in the field of applied mechanics. This book will appeal to researchers and scholars across the broad spectrum of engineering involving the application of mechanics in civil, mechanical, aerospace, automobile, bio-medical, material science, and more.