The 3rd edition of this popular textbook covers current topics in all areas of casting solidification. Partial differential equations and numerical analysis are used extensively throughout the text, with numerous calculation examples, to help the reader in achieving a working knowledge of computational solidification modeling. The features of this new edition include: * new chapters on semi-solid and metal matrix composites solidification * a significantly extended treatment of multiscale modeling of solidification and its applications to commercial alloys * a survey of new topics such as solidification of multicomponent alloys and molecular dynamic modeling * new theories, including a theory on oxide bi-films in the treatment of shrinkage problems * an in-depth treatment of the theoretical aspects of the solidification of the most important commercial alloys including steel, cast iron, aluminum-silicon eutectics, and superalloys * updated tables of material constants.

Composite structures and products have developed tremendously since the publication of the first edition of this work in 1986. This new edition of the now classic 1986 text has been written to educate the engineering reader in the various aspects of mechanics for using composite materials in the design and analysis of composite structures and products. Areas dealt with include manufacture, micromechanical properties, structural design, joints and bonding and a much needed introduction to composite design philosophy. Each chapter is concluded by numerous problems suitable for home assignments or examination. A solution guide is available on request from the authors.

An ideal text for students that ties together classical and modern topics of advanced vibration analysis in an interesting and lucid manner. It provides students with a background in elementary vibrations with the tools necessary for understanding and analyzing more complex dynamical phenomena that can be encountered in engineering and scientific practice. It progresses steadily from linear vibration theory over various levels of nonlinearity to bifurcation analysis, global dynamics and chaotic vibrations. It trains the student to analyze simple models, recognize nonlinear phenomena and work with advanced tools such as perturbation analysis and bifurcation analysis. Explaining theory in terms of relevant examples from real systems, this book is user-friendly and meets the increasing interest in non-linear dynamics in mechanical/structural engineering and applied mathematics and physics. This edition includes a new chapter on the useful effects of fast vibrations and many new exercise problems.

As an expert in structure and stress analysis, the author has written extensively on functionally graded materials (FGMs), nonlinear vibration and dynamic response of functionally graded material plates in thermal environments, buckling and postbuckling analysis of single-walled carbon nanotubes in thermal environments. This book provides a comprehensive overview of the author's works which include significant contributions to the postbuckling behavior of plates and shells under different loading and environmental conditions.This book comprises eight chapters. Each chapter contains adequate introductory material so that an engineering graduate who is familiar with basic understanding of plates and shells will be able to follow it.

This book presents papers surrounding the extensive discussions that took place from the 'Variational Analysis and Aerospace Engineering' workshop held at the Ettore Majorana Foundation and Centre for Scientific Culture in 2015. Contributions to this volume focus on advanced mathematical methods in aerospace engineering and industrial engineering such as computational fluid dynamics methods, optimization methods in aerodynamics, optimum controls, dynamic systems, the theory of structures, space missions, flight mechanics, control theory, algebraic geometry for CAD applications, and variational methods and applications. Advanced graduate students, researchers, and professionals in mathematics and engineering will find this volume useful as it illustrates current collaborative research projects in applied mathematics and aerospace engineering.

Understanding how gravity loads and wind and earthquake loads flow through a building is of utmost importance to all structural engineers and architects. Paradoxically, this critical idea is practically not addressed in any textbook on the market. Meant as a companion to the author's Structures: A Geometric Approach, this textbook fills that need with qualitative techniques as well as quantitative tools that use state of the art visual representation of forces and deformations in structures. Structures: A Studio Approach reaches out to both structural engineers and designers by presenting structural engineering topics in an interdisciplinary studio environment. Using many graphical techniques, it offers a very rigorous approach, but also enables creativity. Cutting edge finite element as well as parametric modeling tools are used, and state of the art visual representations of force flow help both groups of students realize that understanding three dimensional load flow in a building is a requirement for channeling that flow in a structurally efficient and visually expressive manner. Ultimately, the reader is able to develop a unique structural sensibility; an ethos that places structural design on an equal footing with the design of program, skin, massing and site.

There is still room for research in computational contact mechanics, hence engineering analysis includes unilateral constraints when a detailed modelling of a problem is needed. Contact modelling within real structures includes e.g. rolling wheels, metal forming processes and car crash analysis, and is outcome of the increasing power of modern computers. Also, multi-physics modelling of thermo-mechanical or electro-mechanical contact and microscopic modelling are used in order to get a deeper insight into the mechanism of friction and wear. Moreover, new numerical simulation techniques were developed within the finite element or boundary element method yielding better discretization tools and more efficient algorithms for contact. However, up to now there exists no approach which solves all problems of the above mentioned areas in a robust and reliable way, hence investigations and developments are still needed. The aim of the symposium was to bring scientists together who work on the frontier of research in computational contact mechanics described above, or in closely related subjects. During the symposium 37 scientists presented their newest findings in the area of discretization techniques for contact, algorithms and interesting numerical simulations of contact problems. The symposium gave detailed insight in the newest development in the area of simulation techniques for contact problems. Topics treated included new mathematical techniques like multi-level approaches, new discretization techniques like the mortar-method, advanced applications of unilateral contact to masonry structures, decohesion analysis and tractive rolling of tires. The current volume provides a goodoverview of modern techniques and state-of-the-art discretizations schemes applied in contact mechanics, and will stimulate future collaboration in science related to computational contact mechanics and in the organization of minisymposia and workshops in the area contact mechanics.

This book summarizes the basic theory of wavelets and some related algorithms in an easy-to-understand language from the perspective of an engineer rather than a mathematician. In this book, the wavelet solution schemes are systematically established and introduced for solving general linear and nonlinear initial boundary value problems in engineering, including the technique of boundary extension in approximating interval-bounded functions, the calculation method for various connection coefficients, the single-point Gaussian integration method in calculating the coefficients of wavelet expansions and unique treatments on nonlinear terms in differential equations. At the same time, this book is supplemented by a large number of numerical examples to specifically explain procedures and characteristics of the method, as well as detailed treatments for specific problems. Different from most of the current monographs focusing on the basic theory of wavelets, it focuses on the use of wavelet-based numerical methods developed by the author over the years. Even for the necessary basic theory of wavelet in engineering applications, this book is based on the author's own understanding in plain language, instead of a relatively difficult professional mathematical description. This book is very suitable for students, researchers and technical personnel who only want to need the minimal knowledge of wavelet method to solve specific problems in engineering.

This book presents the relationships between tensile damage and fracture, fatigue hysteresis loops, stress-rupture, fatigue life and fatigue limit stress, and stochastic loading stress. Ceramic-matrix composites (CMCs) possess low material density (i.e., only 1/4 - 1/3 of high-temperature alloy) and high-temperature resistance, which can reduce cooling air and improve structure efficiency. Understanding the failure mechanisms and internal damage evolution represents an important step to ensure reliability and safety of CMCs. This book investigates damage and fracture of fiber-reinforced ceramic-matrix composites (CMCs) subjected to stochastic loading, including: (1) tensile damage and fracture of fiber-reinforced CMCs subjected to stochastic loading; (2) fatigue hysteresis loops of fiber-reinforced CMCs subjected to stochastic loading; (3) stress rupture of fiber-reinforced CMCs with stochastic loading at intermediate temperature; (4) fatigue life prediction of fiber-reinforced CMCs subjected to stochastic overloading stress at elevated temperature; and (5) fatigue limit stress prediction of fiber-reinforced CMCs with stochastic loading. This book helps the material scientists and engineering designers to understand and master the damage and fracture of ceramic-matrix composites under stochastic loading.

This book presents a unified approach to fracture behavior of natural and synthetic fiber-reinforced polymer composites on the basis of fiber orientation, the addition of fillers, characterization, properties and applications. In addition, the book contains an extensive survey of recent improvements in the research and development of fracture analysis of FRP composites that are used to make higher fracture toughness composites in various applications.The FRP composites are an emerging area in polymer science with many structural applications. The rise in materials failure by fracture has forced scientists and researchers to develop new higher strength materials for obtaining higher fracture toughness. Therefore, further knowledge and insight into the different modes of fracture behavior of FRP composites are critical to expanding the range of their application.

This special anniversary book celebrates the success of this Springer book series highlighting materials modeling as the key to developing new engineering products and applications. In this 100th volume of "Advanced Structured Materials", international experts showcase the current state of the art and future trends in materials modeling, which is essential in order to fulfill the demanding requirements of next-generation engineering tasks.

Recent years have witnessed the development of computational geomechanics as an important branch of engineering. The use of modern computational techniques makes it possible to deal with many complex engineering problems, taking into account many of the typical properties of geotechnical materials (soil and rock), such as the coupled behaviour of pore water and solid material, nonlinear elasto-plastic behaviour, and transport processes. This book provides an introduction to these methods, presenting the basic principles of the geotechnical phenomena involved as well as the numerical models for their analysis, and including full listings of computer programs (in PASCAL). The types of geotechnical problems considered cover a wide range of applications, varying from classical problems such as slope stability, analysis of foundation piles and sheet pile walls to finite element analysis of groundwater flow, elasto-plastic deformations, consolidation and transport problems.

The book introduces the basic concepts of the finite element method in the static and dynamic analysis of beam, plate, shell and solid structures, discussing how the method works, the characteristics of a finite element approximation and how to avoid the pitfalls of finite element modeling. Presenting the finite element theory as simply as possible, the book allows readers to gain the knowledge required when applying powerful FEA software tools. Further, it describes modeling procedures, especially for reinforced concrete structures, as well as structural dynamics methods, with a particular focus on the seismic analysis of buildings, and explores the modeling of dynamic systems. Featuring numerous illustrative examples, the book allows readers to easily grasp the fundamentals of the finite element theory and to apply the finite element method proficiently.

This book provides a unified theory on nonlinear electro-magnetomechanical interactions of soft materials capable of large elastic deformations. The authors include an overview of the basic principles of the classic theory of electromagnetism from the fundamental notions of point charges and magnetic dipoles through to distributions of charge and current in a non-deformable continuum, time-dependent electromagnetic fields and Maxwell's equations. They summarize relevant theories of continuum mechanics, required to account for the deformability of material and present a constitutive framework for the nonlinear magneto-and electroelastic interactions in a highly deformable material. The equations contained in the book formulate and solve a variety of representative boundary-value problems for both nonlinear magnetoelasticity and electroelasticity.

The present book gathers a large amount of the recent research results on this topic to provide a better understanding of the size effect by giving a quantitative description of the relationship between the properties of engineering concrete-making material (e.g. the nominal strength) and the corresponding structure size. To be precise, this is about to explore the new static and dynamic unified size effect laws for concrete materials, as well as size effect laws for concrete components. Besides presenting clear and accurate descriptions that further deepen our fundamental knowledge, this book provides additionally useful tools for the scientific design of concrete structures in practical engineering applications.

Introduction to the Mechanics of Deformable Solids: Bars and Beams introduces the theory of beams and bars, including axial, torsion, and bending loading and analysis of bars that are subjected to combined loadings, including resulting complex stress states using Mohr's circle. The book provides failure analysis based on maximum stress criteria and introduces design using models developed in the text. Throughout the book, the author emphasizes fundamentals, including consistent mathematical notation. The author also presents the fundamentals of the mechanics of solids in such a way that the beginning student is able to progress directly to a follow-up course that utilizes two- and three-dimensional finite element codes imbedded within modern software packages for structural design purposes. As such, excessive details included in the previous generation of textbooks on the subject are obviated due to their obsolescence with the availability of today's finite element software packages.

The knowledge of mechanics of materials is the very foundation for advanced topics in mechanical, civil, aerospace, chemical, ceramic engineering and materials science.This comprehensive book presents materials with a three-dimensional approach rather than two-dimensional analysis adopted by existing books. It develops the required background thoroughly before basic elements such as stress and strain tensors are formulated. The presentation is richly filled with anecdotes, illustrations and solved examples. Special care has been taken to carry out algebra and the derivations in small digestible steps.This useful reference text largely meets the requirements of computer-aided engineering (CAE) softwares which are widely used in industrial-sector and research & development laboratories to design structural members.

This book focuses on the matrix cracking behavior in ceramic-matrix composites (CMCs), including first matrix cracking behavior, matrix cracking evolution behavior, matrix crack opening and closure behavior considering temperature and oxidation. The micro-damage mechanisms are analyzed, and the micromechanical damage models are developed to characterize the cracking behavior. Experimental matrix cracking behavior of different CMCs at room and elevated temperatures is predicted. The book can help the material scientists and engineering designers to better understand the cracking behavior in CMCs.

This book discusses bulk solids that derive their mechanical properties not from those of their base materials, but from their designed microstructures. Focusing on the negative mechanical properties, it addresses topics that reveal the counter-intuitive nature of solids, specifically the negativity of properties that are commonly positive, such as negative bulk modulus, negative compressibility, negative hygroexpansion, negative thermal expansion, negative stiffness phase, and negative Poisson's ratio. These topics are significant not only due to the curiosity they have sparked, but also because of the possibility of designing materials and structures that can behave in ways that are not normally expected in conventional solids, and as such, of materials that can outperform solids and structures made from conventional materials. The book includes illustrations to facilitate learning, and, where appropriate, reference tables. The presentation is didactic, starting with simple cases, followed by increasingly complex ones. It provides a solid foundation for graduate students, and a valuable resource for practicing materials engineers seeking to develop novel materials through the judicious design of microstructures and their corresponding mechanisms.

This book presents selected papers presented at the 8th International Conference "Design, Modeling and Experiments of Advanced Structures and Systems" (DeMEASS VIII, held in Moscow, Russia in May 2017) and reflects the modern state of sciences in this field. The contributions contain topics like Piezoelectric, Ferroelectric, Ferroelastic and Magnetostrictive Materials, Shape Memory Alloys and Active Polymers, Functionally Graded Materials, Multi-Functional Smart Materials and Structures, Coupled Multi-Field Problems, Design and Modeling of Sensors and Actuators, Adaptive Structures.

This book provides a unified mechanics and materials perspective on polymers: both the mathematics of viscoelasticity theory as well as the physical mechanisms behind polymer deformation processes. Introductory material on fundamental mechanics is included to provide a continuous baseline for readers from all disciplines. Introductory material on the chemical and molecular basis of polymers is also included, which is essential to the understanding of the thermomechanical response. This self-contained text covers the viscoelastic characterization of polymers including constitutive modeling, experimental methods, thermal response, and stress and failure analysis. Example problems are provided within the text as well as at the end of each chapter. New to this edition: * One new chapter on the use of nano-material inclusions for structural polymer applications and applications such as fiber-reinforced polymers and adhesively bonded structures * Brings up-to-date polymer production and sales data and equipment and procedures for evaluating polymer characterization and classification * The work serves as a comprehensive reference for advanced seniors seeking graduate level courses, first and second year graduate students, and practicing engineers

This monograph deals with the mechanics and thermodynamics of materials with memory, including properties of the dynamical equations that describe their evolution in time under varying loads. A work in four parts, the first is an introduction to continuum mechanics, including classical fluid mechanics, linear and non-linear elasticity. The second part considers continuum thermodynamics and its use to derive constitutive equations of materials with memory, including viscoelastic solids, fluids, heat conductors and some examples of non-simple materials. In the third part, free energies for materials with linear memory constitutive relations are discussed. The concept of a minimal state is introduced. Explicit formulae are presented for the minimum and related free energies. The final part deals with existence, uniqueness, and stability results for the integrodifferential equations describing the dynamical evolution of viscoelastic materials, including a new approach based on minimal states rather than histories. There are also chapters on the controllability of thermoelastic systems with memory, the Saint-Venant problem for viscoelastic materials and on the theory of inverse problems. The second edition includes a new chapter on thermoelectromagnetism as well as recent findings on minimal states and free energies. It considers the case of minimum free energies for non-simple materials and dielectrics, together with an introduction to fractional derivative models.

This book provides an introduction to Acoustic Emission Testing and its applications to different materials like concrete, steel, ceramics, geotechnical materials, polymers, biological structures and wood. Acoustic Emission Techniques (AET) techniques have been studied in engineering for a long time. The techniques are applied more and more to practical investigations and are more and more standardized in codes. This is because the degradation of structures due to ageing urgently demand for maintenance and rehabilitation of structures in service. It results in the need for the development of advanced and efficient inspection techniques. In mechanical engineering and concerning the monitoring of machines and mechanical components, AE is a widely accepted observing deterioration in the frame of structural health monitoring. The advantages of AE like sensitivity, damage localization potential, non-intrusive nature as well as developments in signal analysis and data transmission allow applications that could not be considered decades ago. As such, AE techniques draw great attention to diagnostic applications and in material testing. This book covers all levels from the description of AE basics for AE beginners (level of a student) to sophisticated AE algorithms and applications to real large-scale structures as well as the observation of the cracking process in laboratory specimen to study fracture processes. This book has proved its worth over the past twelve years. Now in its second edition, it will be a resource that sets the standard and equips readers for the future. All chapters from the 1st edition have been updated and rewritten and eight extra chapters (e.g also regarding AE tomography, AE in plate-like structures and AE for investigations of hardening of fresh concrete) have been added.

This book provides the reader with a review of the most relevant research on the structural characterization and seismic retrofitting of adobe construction. It offers a complete review of the latest research developments, and hence the relevance of the field. The book starts with an introductory discussion on adobe construction and its use throughout the world over time, highlighting characteristics and performance of adobe masonry structures as well as different contributions for cultural heritage conservation (Chapter 1). Then, the seismic behaviour of adobe masonry buildings is addressed, including examples of real performance during recent earthquakes (Chapter 2). In the following chapters, key research investigations on seismic response assessment and retrofitting of adobe constructions are reviewed. The review deals with the following issues: mechanical characterization of adobe bricks and adobe masonry (Chapters 3 and 4); quasi-static and shaking table testing of adobe masonry walls and structures (Chapters 5 and 6); non-destructive and minor-destructive testing for characterization of adobe constructions (Chapter 7); seismic strengthening techniques for adobe constructions (Chapter 8); and numerical modelling of adobe structures (Chapter 9). The book ends with Chapter 10, where some general conclusions are drawn and research needs are identified. Each chapter is co-authored by a group of experts from different countries to comprehensively address all issues of adobe constructions from a worldwide perspective. The information covered in this book is fundamental to support civil engineers and architects in the rehabilitation and strengthening of existing adobe constructions and also in the design of new adobe buildings. This information is also of interest to researchers, by providing a summary of existing research and suggesting possible directions for future research efforts.

This book presents numerous mathematical methods used in the study of initial and boundary problems for Bingham fluids and rate dependent viscoplasticity. Existence and uniqueness results are presented and the behavior of the solutions with respect to the data is studied in detail. For many problems, the numerical approximation of the solution is also given and numerical results are presented. Elliptic variational inequalities, convex functions, monotone operators, semigroups of operators, and nonlinear evolution equations are used as mathematical instruments. Mathematical results are carefully interpreted from a mechanical point of view, allowing the author to present a theory to deal with numerical results and their possible practical applications to industrial and technological innovations. This book will appeal to mathematicians, physicists, engineers, and students interested in this topic of increasing importance.