This book reviews the mathematical modeling and experimental study of systems involving two or more different length scales. The effects of phenomena occurring at the lower length scales on the behavior at higher scales are of intrinsic scientific interest, but can also be very effectively used to determine the behavior at higher length scales or at the macro-level. Efforts to exploit this micro- and macro-coupling are, naturally, being pursued with regard to every aspect of mechanical phenomena. This book focuses on the changes imposed on the dynamics, strength of materials and durability of mechanical systems by related multiscale phenomena. In particular, it addresses: 1: the impacts of effective dissipation due to kinetic energy trapped at lower scales 2: wave propagation in generalized continua 3: nonlinear phenomena in metamaterials 4: the formalization of more general models to describe the exotic behavior of meta-materials 5: the design and study of microstructures aimed at increasing the toughness and durability of novel materials

This volume gives background knowledge about the difficult matter of electrochemical behaviour of glass melts and solid glasses, laying the foundations for- a sound understanding of physicochemical redox and ion transfer processes in solid or liquid glasses and the interpretation of experimental results;- control of production processes, including fining, interface reactions and thermodynamic equilibria of glass melts with refractories and the surrounding atmosphere;- the field-driven ion exchange between solutions and glasses or within electrochromic thin-film systems; - fundamentals and application of glass electrodes for PH measurements, as well as information about the presently ongoing redefinition by a IUPAC committee;- mechanisms responsible for glass corrosion;- the concept of optical basicity.

The present volume contains the written versions of most of the invited talks of the Spring Meeting of the Condensed Matter Physics section of the Deutsche Physikalische Gesellschaft held from March 25 to 29, 2002 in Regensburg, Germany. Also contained are those talks presented as part of the Symposia most of which were organized by several divisions in collaboration and covered a fascinating selection of topics of current interest. Thus this volume reflects the status of condensed matter physics in Germany in the year 2002. In particular, one notes a slight change in paradigms: from quantum dots and wires to spin transport and soft matter systems in the broadest sense. This seems to reflect the present general trend in physics. Nevertheless, a large portion of the invited papers concentrate on nanostructured matter.

This book comprises the proceedings of the Virtual Seminar on Applied Mechanics 2021 organized by the Indian Society for Applied Mechanics. The contents of this volume focus on solid mechanics, fluid mechanics, biomechanics/biomedical engineering, materials science and design engineering. The authors are experienced practitioners and the chapters encompass up-to-date research in the field of applied mechanics. This book will appeal to researchers and scholars across the broad spectrum of engineering involving the application of mechanics in civil, mechanical, aerospace, automobile, bio-medical, material science, and more.

This book presents a collection of chapters on the current problems of the theory of dynamical processes in generalized continua and structures, and has been compiled to commemorate the 70th birthday of Prof. Dmitry Indeitsev - a leading specialist in the field of dynamical processes in solids, fluids and structures. It discusses various applications related to Prof. Indeitsev's contributions, including various discrete and continuous dynamic models of structures and media, as well as a number of dynamical processes in generalized media.

This is the first single volume monograph that systematically summarizes the recent progress in using non-Fourier heat conduction theories to deal with the multiphysical behaviour of smart materials and structures. The book contains six chapters and starts with a brief introduction to Fourier and non-Fourier heat conduction theories. Non-Fourier heat conduction theories include Cattaneo-Vernotte, dual-phase-lag (DPL), three-phase-lag (TPL), fractional phase-lag, and nonlocal phase-lag heat theories. Then, the fundamentals of thermal wave characteristics are introduced through reviewing the methods for solving non-Fourier heat conduction theories and by presenting transient heat transport in representative homogeneous and advanced heterogeneous materials. The book provides the fundamentals of smart materials and structures, including the background, application, and governing equations. In particular, functionally-graded smart structures made of piezoelectric, piezomagnetic, and magnetoelectroelastic materials are introduced as they represent the recent development in the industry. A series of uncoupled thermal stress analyses on one-dimensional structures are also included. The volume ends with coupled thermal stress analyses of one-dimensional homogenous and heterogeneous smart piezoelectric structures considering different coupled thermopiezoelectric theories. Last but not least, fracture behavior of smart structures under thermal disturbance is investigated and the authors propose directions for future research on the topic of multiphysical analysis of smart materials.

This book presents guidelines on quantitative and qualitative measures of the geometric features and imperfections of welds to ensure that it meets the fatigue strength requirements laid out in the recommendations of the IIW (International Institute of Welding). Welds that satisfy these quality criteria can be assessed in accordance with existing IIW recommendations based on nominal stress, structural stress, notch stress or linear fracture mechanics. Further, the book defines more restrictive acceptance criteria based on weld geometry features and imperfections with increased fatigue strength. Fatigue strength for these welds is defined as S-N curves expressed in terms of nominal applied stress or hot spot stress. Where appropriate, reference is made to existing quality systems for welds.In addition to the acceptance criteria and fatigue assessment curves, the book also provides guidance on their inspection and quality control. The successful implementation of these methods depends on adequate training for operators and inspectors alike. As such, the publication of the present IIW Recommendations is intended to encourage the production of appropriate training aids and guidelines for educating, training and certifying operators and inspectors.

This book provides an introduction to fundamental concepts of solid mechanics for the uninitiated. It also includes a concise review of fundamentals for those who have been away from the field for a time or are studying for a final exam or engineering license exam. The coverage ranges from fundamental definitions through constitutive equations, axial loading, torsion, bending, thermal effects, stability, pressure vessels, plates and shells, computational mechanics, and fibrous composite materials.

This volume contains the best papers presented at the 2nd ECCOMAS International Conference on Multiscale Computations for Solids and Fluids, held June 10-12, 2015. Topics dealt with include multiscale strategy for efficient development of scientific software for large-scale computations, coupled probability-nonlinear-mechanics problems and solution methods, and modern mathematical and computational setting for multi-phase flows and fluid-structure interaction. The papers consist of contributions by six experts who taught short courses prior to the conference, along with several selected articles from other participants dealing with complementary issues, covering both solid mechanics and applied mathematics.

This book presents recent material science-based and mechanical analysis-based advances in joining processes. It includes all related processes, e.g. friction stir welding, joining by plastic deformation, laser welding, clinch joining, and adhesive bonding, as well as hybrid joints. It gathers selected full-length papers from the 1st Conference on Advanced Joining Processes.

The book presents in a clear, simple, straightforward, novel and unified manner the most used methods of experimental mechanics of solids for the determination of displacements, strains and stresses. Emphasis is given on the principles of operation of the various methods, not in their applications to engineering problems. The book is divided into sixteen chapters which include strain gages, basic optics, geometric and interferometric moire, optical methods (photoelasticity, interferometry, holography, caustics, speckle methods, digital image correlation), thermoelastic stress analysis, indentation, optical fibers, nondestructive testing, and residual stresses. The book will be used not only as a learning tool, but as a basis on which the researcher, the engineer, the experimentalist, the student can develop their new own ideas to promote research in experimental mechanics of solids.

A text/reference on analysis of structures that deform in use. Presents a new, integrated approach to analytical dynamics, structural dynamics and control theory and goes beyond classical dynamics of rigid bodies to incorporate analysis of flexibility of structures. Includes real--world examples of applications such as robotics, precision machinery and aircraft structures.

This second edition of Mass Metrology: The Newly Defined Kilogram has been thoroughly revised to reflect the recent redefinition of the kilogram in terms of Planck's constant. The necessity of defining the kilogram in terms of physical constants was already underscored in the first edition. However, the kilogram can also be defined in terms of Avogadro's number, using a collection of ions of heavy elements, by the levitation method, or using voltage and watt balances. The book also addresses the concepts of gravitational, inertial and conventional mass, and describes in detail the variation of acceleration due to gravity. Further topics covered in this second edition include: the effect of gravity variations on the reading of electronic balances derived with respect to latitude, altitude and earth topography; the classification of weights by the OIML; and maximum permissible error in different categories of weights prescribed by national and international organizations. The book also discusses group weighing techniques and the use of nanotechnology for the detection of mass differences as small as 10-24 g. Last but not least, readers will find details on the XRCD method for defining the kilogram in terms of Planck's constant.

Contributed by world-renowned specialists on the occasion of Paul Germain's 80th birthday, this unique book reflects the foundational works and the intellectual influence of this author. It presents the realm of modern thermomechanics with its extraordinary wealth of applications to the behaviour of materials, whether solid or fluid. The thirty-one contributions follow an easygoing autobiographical sketch by Paul Germain, and highlight the power and richness of a methodological approach to the phenomenology of many materials. This approach combines harmoniously thermodynamics and continuum theory in order to provide exploitable, thermodynamically admissible models of a large variety of behaviours and phenomena, including those of diffusion, thermoelasticity, viscoplasticity, relaxation, hysteresis, wetting, shape-memory effects, growth, phase transitions, stability, fracture, shocks, machining of materials, microstructured solids, complex fluids, etc. Especially aimed at graduate students, researchers, and engineers in mechanical engineering and materials science, this book also presents the state of the art in an active field of research and opens new horizons in other scientific fields, such as applied mathematics and applied physics, because of the intellectual satisfaction and remarkable efficiency provided by the advocated approach.

This book presents the proceedings of Fatigue Durability India 2016, which was held on September 28-30 at J N Tata Auditorium, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore. This 2nd International Conference & Exhibition brought international industrial experts and academics together on a single platform to facilitate the exchange of ideas and advances in the field of fatigue, durability and fracture mechanics and its applications. This book comprises articles on a broad spectrum of topics from design, engineering, testing and computational evaluation of components and systems for fatigue, durability, and fracture mechanics. The topics covered include interdisciplinary discussions on working aspects related to materials testing, evaluation of damage, nondestructive testing (NDT), failure analysis, finite element modeling (FEM) analysis, fatigue and fracture, processing, performance, and reliability. The contents of this book will appeal not only to academic researchers, but also to design engineers, failure analysts, maintenance engineers, certification personnel, and R&D professionals involved in a wide variety of industries.

This book provides an overview of the experimental characterization of materials and their numerical modeling, as well as the development of new computational methods for virtual design. Its 17 contributions are divided into four main sections: experiments and virtual design, composites, fractures and fatigue, and uncertainty quantification. The first section explores new experimental methods that can be used to more accurately characterize material behavior. Furthermore, it presents a combined experimental and numerical approach to optimizing the properties of a structure, as well as new developments in the field of computational methods for virtual design. In turn, the second section is dedicated to experimental and numerical investigations of composites, with a special focus on the modeling of failure modes and the optimization of these materials. Since fatigue also includes wear due to frictional contact and aging of elastomers, new numerical schemes in the field of crack modeling and fatigue prediction are also discussed. The input parameters of a classical numerical simulation represent mean values of actual observations, though certain deviations arise: to illustrate the uncertainties of parameters used in calculations, the book's final section presents new and efficient approaches to uncertainty quantification.

This book explains in detail the generalized Fourier series technique for the approximate solution of a mathematical model governed by a linear elliptic partial differential equation or system with constant coefficients. The power, sophistication, and adaptability of the method are illustrated in application to the theory of plates with transverse shear deformation, chosen because of its complexity and special features. In a clear and accessible style, the authors show how the building blocks of the method are developed, and comment on the advantages of this procedure over other numerical approaches. An extensive discussion of the computational algorithms is presented, which encompasses their structure, operation, and accuracy in relation to several appropriately selected examples of classical boundary value problems in both finite and infinite domains. The systematic description of the technique, complemented by explanations of the use of the underlying software, will help the readers create their own codes to find approximate solutions to other similar models. The work is aimed at a diverse readership, including advanced undergraduates, graduate students, general scientific researchers, and engineers. The book strikes a good balance between the theoretical results and the use of appropriate numerical applications. The first chapter gives a detailed presentation of the differential equations of the mathematical model, and of the associated boundary value problems with Dirichlet, Neumann, and Robin conditions. The second chapter presents the fundamentals of generalized Fourier series, and some appropriate techniques for orthonormalizing a complete set of functions in a Hilbert space. Each of the remaining six chapters deals with one of the combinations of domain-type (interior or exterior) and nature of the prescribed conditions on the boundary. The appendices are designed to give insight into some of the computational issues that arise from the use of the numerical methods described in the book. Readers may also want to reference the authors' other books Mathematical Methods for Elastic Plates, ISBN: 978-1-4471-6433-3 and Boundary Integral Equation Methods and Numerical Solutions: Thin Plates on an Elastic Foundation, ISBN: 978-3-319-26307-6.

This book presents the results of the IUTAM Symposium on Physics and Mechanics of Sea Ice which brought together researchers who have made significant contributions in the study of sea ice. The topics include: Fracture of ice, Thermodynamics of sea ice ridges, Global and local ice loads on ships and marine structures, Computational ice engineering and ice mechanics; and Physical and engineering problems related to ice and waves.

This is a first year graduate textbook on linear elasticity, being based on a one semester course taught by the author at the University of Michigan. It is written with the practical engineering reader in mind, dependence on previous knowledge of solid mechanics, continuum, mechanics or mathematics being minimized. Most of the text should be readily intelligible to a reader with an undergraduate background of one or two courses in elementary strength of materials and a rudimentary knowledge of partial differentiation. Emphasis is placed on engineering applications of elasticity and examples are generally worked through to final expressions for the stress and displacement fields in order to explore the engineering consequences of the results. The topics covered are chosen with a view to modern research applications in fracture mechanics, composite materials, tribology and numerical methods. Thus, significant attention is given to crack and contact problems, problems involving interfaces between dissimilar media, thermoelasticity, singular asymptotic stress fields and three-dimensional problems. Problems suitable for class use are included at the end of most of the chapters. These are expressed wherever possible in the form they would arise in engineering - i.e. as a body of a given geometry subjected to prescribed loading - instead of inviting the student to verify' that a given candidate stress function is appropriate to the problem. The text is therefore written in such a way as to enable the student to approach such problems deductively. A solutions manual is available directly from the author (e-mail: [email protected]).

This book comprises select peer-reviewed papers from the International Conference on Emerging Research in Civil, Aeronautical and Mechanical Engineering (ERCAM-2019). The contents focus on the latest research trends in engineering materials, mechanics, structures and systems. A wide variety of interesting problems in civil, aeronautical and mechanical engineering have been addressed in this book through various experimental, numerical and analytical methods. The topics covered also provide insight into the challenges prevailing in the aforementioned engineering domains and the potential solutions to address those. Given the contents, the book is a valuable resource for students as well as researchers.

The 3rd edition of this popular textbook covers current topics in all areas of casting solidification. Partial differential equations and numerical analysis are used extensively throughout the text, with numerous calculation examples, to help the reader in achieving a working knowledge of computational solidification modeling. The features of this new edition include: * new chapters on semi-solid and metal matrix composites solidification * a significantly extended treatment of multiscale modeling of solidification and its applications to commercial alloys * a survey of new topics such as solidification of multicomponent alloys and molecular dynamic modeling * new theories, including a theory on oxide bi-films in the treatment of shrinkage problems * an in-depth treatment of the theoretical aspects of the solidification of the most important commercial alloys including steel, cast iron, aluminum-silicon eutectics, and superalloys * updated tables of material constants.

Composite structures and products have developed tremendously since the publication of the first edition of this work in 1986. This new edition of the now classic 1986 text has been written to educate the engineering reader in the various aspects of mechanics for using composite materials in the design and analysis of composite structures and products. Areas dealt with include manufacture, micromechanical properties, structural design, joints and bonding and a much needed introduction to composite design philosophy. Each chapter is concluded by numerous problems suitable for home assignments or examination. A solution guide is available on request from the authors.

This book presents papers surrounding the extensive discussions that took place from the 'Variational Analysis and Aerospace Engineering' workshop held at the Ettore Majorana Foundation and Centre for Scientific Culture in 2015. Contributions to this volume focus on advanced mathematical methods in aerospace engineering and industrial engineering such as computational fluid dynamics methods, optimization methods in aerodynamics, optimum controls, dynamic systems, the theory of structures, space missions, flight mechanics, control theory, algebraic geometry for CAD applications, and variational methods and applications. Advanced graduate students, researchers, and professionals in mathematics and engineering will find this volume useful as it illustrates current collaborative research projects in applied mathematics and aerospace engineering.

An ideal text for students that ties together classical and modern topics of advanced vibration analysis in an interesting and lucid manner. It provides students with a background in elementary vibrations with the tools necessary for understanding and analyzing more complex dynamical phenomena that can be encountered in engineering and scientific practice. It progresses steadily from linear vibration theory over various levels of nonlinearity to bifurcation analysis, global dynamics and chaotic vibrations. It trains the student to analyze simple models, recognize nonlinear phenomena and work with advanced tools such as perturbation analysis and bifurcation analysis. Explaining theory in terms of relevant examples from real systems, this book is user-friendly and meets the increasing interest in non-linear dynamics in mechanical/structural engineering and applied mathematics and physics. This edition includes a new chapter on the useful effects of fast vibrations and many new exercise problems.