The evolving environmental justice paradigm is conceptualized differently based on political, economic and historical factors. In developed countries, emphasis is placed on the role of individuals in environmental decision-making and the protection of their access to the prerequisite environmental information and capacity to challenge environmental decisions is the main focus. However, in developing countries, access to land and natural resources are considered integral elements of environmental justice paradigm. This book focuses on the conceptualization, recognition and protection of environmental justice in developing countries. It explores the situation by engaging an analytical discourse of relevant legal provisions in four case study countries including Nigeria, South Africa, India and Papua New Guinea. The comparative analysis of environmental justice in these countries present a framework within which to appreciate the conceptualization of the environmental justice paradigm

"A model city, the hope of democracy" John Nolan on his suggested plans for Madison, Wisconsin

This book connects John Nolen's political and social visions with his design proposals by analyzing his extensive writings, personal correspondence and some of his most significant works. While John Nolen is best known as a city planner, he trained as a landscape architect and used the titles 'landscape architect' and 'city planner' interchangeably throughout his career. A prolific practitioner, he was engaged in nearly 400 projects throughout the United States between 1905 and 1936, including town planning, industrial housing, state and city parks, new towns and regional planning.

Focusing particularly on several projects central to Nolen s career including Madison (WI), Mariemont (OH), Venice (FL) and Penderlea (NC), Beck investigates the ideologies that underpinned Nolen s work. This is a rare look at a key figure in the development of 20th century American cities.

"A model city, the hope of democracy" John Nolen on his suggested plans for Madison, Wisconsin

This book connects John Nolen's political and social visions with his design proposals by analyzing his extensive writings, personal correspondence and some of his most significant works. While John Nolen is best known as a city planner, he trained as a landscape architect and used the titles 'landscape architect' and 'city planner' interchangeably throughout his career. A prolific practitioner, he was engaged in nearly 400 projects throughout the United States between 1905 and 1936, including town planning, industrial housing, state and city parks, new towns and regional planning.

Focusing particularly on several projects central to Nolen s career including Madison (WI), Mariemont (OH), Venice (FL) and Penderlea (NC), Beck investigates the ideologies that underpinned Nolen s work. This is a rare look at a key figure in the development of 20th century American cities.

First director of the Academie royale d'architecture, Francois Blondel established a lasting model for architectural education that helped transform a still largely medieval profession into the one we recognize today. Most well known for his 1676 urban plan of Paris, Blondel is also celebrated as a mathematician, scientist, and scholar. Few figures are more representative of the close affinity between architecture and the "new science" of the seventeenth century. The first full-length study in English to appear on this polymath, this book adds to the scholarship on early modern architectural history and particularly on French classicism under Louis XIV and his minister Jean-Baptiste Colbert. It studies early modern science and technology, Baroque court culture, and the development of the discipline of architecture.

This book considers the architect Le Corbusier's encounters with Australia and New Zealand as a two-way exchange, showing the impact of his ideas and projects on architects of the region whilst also revealing counterinfluences on Le Corbusier in his post-war career that were activated by his contacts. Compiled from detailed archival research undertaken at the Fondation Le Corbusier, Paris, and nationally based archives, Le Corbusier in the Antipodes brings together a set of episodes placing them in context with the history of modern art, architecture and urbanism in 20th century Australia and New Zealand. Key exchanges between Le Corbusier and others never before described are presented and analyzed, including Le Corbusier's contact with Australian architect Harry Seidler at Chandigarh, Le Corbusier's drawing of the plan of Adelaide in 1950 and his creative collaboration with Jorn Utzon on art for the Sydney Opera House. This book also includes analysis of previously unseen Le Corbusier artworks, which formed part of the Utzon family collection. In reading these personal and contingent moments of encounter, the book puts forward new ways of understanding the dissemination and mediation of Le Corbusier's ideas and their effects in post-war Australia and New Zealand. These antipodean contacts are set against the broader story of Le Corbusier's career, questioning received interpretations of his design methods and current assumptions about the influence of his work in national contexts beyond Europe.

This book presents the work of the Spanish architect Julio Salcedo in a series of built and speculative projects. Salcedo's houses, early achievements that stunned both academic and professional circles with their fresh originality and precocious sophistication, are presented along with unpublished competition proposals for large-scale buildings. The projects' varying locales, scales and ambitions all demonstrate a commitment to architecture as a conceptual medium with the capacity to tackle complex ideas as well as a material practice of transformative, worldly practicality. Each is a built essay that works through architectural problems of form, construction and material to achieve thought-provoking resolutions of a difficult yet satisfying beauty. The book complements a thorough graphic documentation of selected projects with Salcedo's own writings and critical essays by Luis Rojo and Ivan Rupnik. They situate the projects in Salcedo's multi-faceted conceptual and professional world and place them in the context of the constellation of ideas that currently shape and propel the field. "...Julio Salcedo's ongoing interest in landscape and urban design has informed his architectural work, producing a rich, invested and responsible practice. In all, I believe his work illustrates his ambition to inform even modest architectural projects with broader issues present in contemporary practice, something that I believe speaks highly for his intense and profound interest in design." Rafael Moneo

Based on extensive fieldwork, and research into John Ruskin's still little-interpreted archival material, notebooks and drawings (in the Ruskin Library, Lancaster University, UK and elsewhere), Stephen Kite offers an unprecedented account of the evolution of Ruskin's architectural thinking and observation in the context of Italy where his watching of building achieved its greatest intensity. Venice naturally figures large in a work that also examines other key sites including Verona, Lucca, Pisa, Florence, Milan and Monza; here, the fabrics are vividly read in their contexts against the rich evidence of Ruskin's diaries, his pocket-book sketches, architectural worksheets, drawings, and daguerrotypes (the early form of photography), and the drafts and published editions of the texts. Kite presents the complex story of Ruskin's visual thinking in architecture as a narrative of deepening interpretation and representation, focusing on the humbler monuments of Italy. He shows how Ruskin's early picturesque naturalism was transformed by the realisation that to understand the built realities confronting him in Italy demanded a closer engagement with the substance of the stones themselves; reflecting Ruskin's sense of his task as a near-archaeological gleaning and gathering of remains 'hidden in many a grass grown court, and silent pathway, and lightless canal'.

This is a monograph on one of the most influential architectural practices to have emerged in Britain in the last two decades of the 20th century. Following their victory in their very first competition - the Mound redevelopment in Edinburgh - Allies & Morrison has gone on to design many admired projects, including the British embassy in Dublin, the University of Cambridge Sidgwick campus and the BBC White City scheme. The buildings and projects are documented by drawings, photos and essays, plus comments by Bob Allies and Graham Morrison.

Founded in 2004 by David Montalba, Montalba Architects is an international architecture firm with offices in both Los Angeles and Lausanne. Raised between Switzerland and California, David has cultivated a design philosophy that balances precision and craft with humanistic architecture to form a cohesive presence of both the contextual and the conceptual. Place and Space encapsulates this insightful philosophy through the ideas and projects of the studio spanning more than a decade. Montalba Architects produces impactful architecture and urban design-related projects in a broad range of locations, from the rural landscapes of Wyoming and Switzerland to dense urban sites in New York and Los Angeles. The work engages in a collective pursuit of uncovering ideas and processes to create new forms of expression through space and scale. Projects featured in the book emphasise the importance of experience in architecture, and environments that are both socially responsive and aesthetically progressive, which build on the firm's trademark craft of volumetric landscapes, material integrity, natural light and pure spatial volumes. Place and Space explores the duality of Switzerland and California, and how these locations have inherently influenced the overall ideas and work of Montalba Architects. Woven throughout the text are conversations between David Montalba and other creatives and thinkers, including landscape designer Andrea Cochran, artist Andy Denzler, entrepreneurs David Alleman and Rich Pierson, and film director Zack Snyder, that cross-examine and explore different approaches to space and place. With a foreword by the acclaimed LA-based architect Lawrence Scarpa, alongside extensive photographs and reproductions of drawings, this book further shapes the philosophies that craft a cohesive connection between all Montalba Architects work and is a testament toward its continued influence within the industry.

Antonio Gaudi (1852-1926) is one of the most admired architects of the twentieth century. Even today, some seventy-five years after Gaudi's death, his fanciful, exuberant buildings define Barcelona's cityscape and continue to influence architects, sculptors, and designers. Perhaps best known for the dynamic, sculptural facades, found on such buildings as the church of the Sagrada Familia and Casa Mila, Gaudi is as much respected as a technological innovator as a daring stylist.
In this enlightening volume, a concise, knowledgeable text by the director of the Royal Gaudi Chair at the Polytechnical University of Catalonia (Barcelona) combines with striking images by a well-known architectural photographer to provide a new perspective on Gaudi's remarkable career. The text covers the full range of his oeuvre, describing early assignments in the 1870s as a draftsman for leading architects in Barcelona, the innovative buildings he created for the Guell Palace and Estate, daring new structural solutions at Bellesguard, architecture inspired by nature at the Casa Calvet and in the Park Guell, and the construction of his unfinished masterpiece, the Church of the Sagrada Familia, which occupied him until his death. The author traces all the influences that led to his definitive style, from his fascination with the Orient and neogothicism to his affinity for naturalism and specific geometric forms.
Brilliantly illustrated, this incisive overview of Gaudí's visionary work is ideal for those who delight in his architecture as well as those who look forward to traveling to Spain to see his monumental legacy.

A.W.N. Pugin transformed the Gothic Revival from an architectural style into an international movement. He decorated and furnished the Houses of Parliament, creating one of the icons of modern British identity in the process. His church designs were vastly influential, and although he was staunchly Roman Catholic, he did much to set the aesthetic tone of modern Anglicanism. The house he designed for himself at Ramsgate transformed the Victorian Gothic villa, demonstrating the ways a thoroughly modern house could draw integral lessons from the Middle Ages. And although his whole ideal was woven around a conception of English identity, his influence was international. Architects in the United States, northern Europe, and across the British Empire followed his lead, drawing from elements of his aesthetic and ideals, and in doing so, altered the look and feel of the nineteenth-century city. Despite the popularity of Pugin's work, this is the first single-volume overview of his architecture to be published since 1971. It summarises much new scholarship and provides a good introduction to his career as well as new insight for those who might already be familiar with it.

Spencer Fung is never without a sketchbook or a pencil. Inspiration and ideas can strike at any moment, and often the smallest thing that catches his eye impels him to capture it on paper. Whether it is designing private houses, restaurants, hotels, furniture or lighting, he starts by hand, creating miniature works of art, which he then develops into scale perspective drawings, exploring space, structure and detail.His designs have always drawn their inspiration from nature and the environment, from the rugged mountains of the Pyrenees to the quiet meadows of a country farm; from the beams of a medieval tythe barn to the patterns of a drystone wall. Passionately committed to the organic recycling of natural materials, the book is structured into chapters on wood, stone, metal, glass and organic materials in which over 40 of his projects are showcased. Spencer prefers to commission small artisanal firms who have retained a high degree of skill, as a result many dying and forgotten crafts have been revitalized new forms - the use of drystone walling inside a bathroom, or coppiced ash branches being used as a hanging rail for clothes - are examples that are not just deeply inspiring but sympathetic to the environment as well.This book will appeal to anyone interested in design, recycling, upcycling, the environment, organic and mindful living but in a style conscious and glamorous way.

This project is also the exploration of "another world", seemingly remote: the Pacific and the culture of ephemeral, the encounter with the great Kanak people and his history suspended between past and future. An adventure that ends with the discovery of an unsuspected affinity: "I'm more Kanak than you are", Renzo Piano will say. Just like the previous monographs, the presented material is unpublished, retrieved thanks to the research and classification in the archives of the Renzo Piano Foundation, and commentated with sketches, notes and memories of Renzo Piano. It becomes a sort of travel journal, intimate and powerful. The stories of Renzo Piano, Marie-Claude Tjibaou, Alban Bensa and Glenn Murcutt were recorded and faithfully transcribed, so that the reader can live the adventure of this project, accompanied by the voice of the protagonists.

What should our buildings look like? Or is their usability more important than their appearance? Paul Guyer argues that the fundamental goals of architecture first identified by the Roman architect Marcus Pollio Vitruvius - good construction, functionality, and aesthetic appeal - have remained valid despite constant changes in human activities, building materials and technologies, as well as in artistic styles and cultures. Guyer discusses philosophers and architects throughout history, including Alberti, Kant, Ruskin, Wright, and Loos, and surveys the ways in which their ideas are brought to life in buildings across the world. He also considers the works and words of contemporary architects including Annabelle Selldorf, Herzog and de Meuron, and Steven Holl, and shows that - despite changing times and fashions - good architecture continues to be something worth striving for. This new series offers short and personal perspectives by expert thinkers on topics that we all encounter in our everyday lives.

A specific region's environmental needs often leads to a regional vernacular architecture that embodies a common style. Yet, Hutker Architects, Inc., has designed over two hundred homes in coastal New England that avoid a single style. The twenty-five diverse residential projects in this book illustrate a process not a preordained style. The common thread through the Hutker projects is use of the life equity principle: a home should generate social and emotional equity over time. The conversation between the architect and each client unveils how to design and build this home once well to ensure positive and enduring social and emotional outcomes. A home with life equity provides for the owner's long term needs, both physical and psychological, uses materials best suited to the spaces needed, and accommodates ever-changing family arrangements. The Hutker homes fit clients so well, that they are rarely sold outside the families that build them. Whether small or large, owners treat these homes as heirlooms to be preserved and handed down to the next generation.

This book traces the development of John Hejduk's architectural career, using the idea of "exorcism" to uncover his thought process when examining architectural designs. His work encouraged profound questioning on what, why and how we build, which allowed for more open discourse and enhance the phenomenology found in architectural experiences. Three distinct eras in his architectural career are applied to analogies of outlines, apparitions and angels throughout the book across seven chapters. Using these thematic examples, the author investigates the progression of thought and depth inside the architect's imagination by studying key projects such as the Texas houses, Wall House, Architectural Masques and his final works. Featuring comments by Gloria Fiorentino Hejduk, Stanley Tigerman, Steven Holl, Zaha Hadid, Charles Jencks, Phyllis Lambert, Juhani Pallasmaa, Toshiko Mori and others, this book brings to life the intricacies in the mind of John Hejduk, and would be beneficial for those interested in architecture and design in the 20th century.

This book discusses architectural excellence in Islamic societies drawing on textual and visual materials, from the Aga Khan Documentation Center at MIT, developed over more than three decades. At the core of the discussion are the efforts, processes, and outcomes of the Aga Khan Award for Architecture (AKAA). The AKAA recognises excellence in architectural and urban interventions within cities and settlements in the Islamic world which are continuously challenged by dramatic changes in economies, societies, political systems, decision-making, and environmental requirements. Architectural Excellence in Islamic Societies responds to the recurring question about the need for architectural awards, arguing that they are critical to validating the achievements of professional architects while making their contributions more widely acknowledged by the public. Through analysis and critique of over sixty awarded and shortlisted projects from over thirty-five countries, this book provides an expansive look at the history of the AKAA through a series of narratives on the enduring values of architecture, architectural and urban conservation, built environment sustainability, and architectural pluralism and multiple modernities. Architectural Excellence in Islamic Societies will appeal to professionals and academics, researchers, and upper-level students in architectural history and theory and built environment related fields.

This book traces the ideal of total environmental control through the intellectual and geographic journey of Knud Loenberg- Holm, a forgotten Danish architect who promoted a unique systemic, cybernetic, and ecological vision of architecture in the 1930s. A pioneering figure of the new objectivity and international constructivism in Germany in 1922 and a celebrated peer of radical figures in De Stijl, the Bauhaus, and Russian constructivism, when he emigrated to Detroit in 1923 he introduced the vanguard theory of productivism through his photography, essays, designs, and pedagogy. By following Loenberg- Holm's ongoing matrix of relations until the postwar era with the European vanguards in CIAM and former members of the Structural Study Associates (SSA), especially Fuller, Frederick Kiesler, and C. Theodore Larson, this study shows how their definition of building as a form of environmental control anticipated the contemporary disciplines of industrial ecology, industrial metabolism, and energy accounting.

Originally published in 1986 Holford is not just a biography of a major architect, planner and civic designer. In describing the life and times of the man, the authors provide a fascinating analysis of the developments in British architecture and planning from the 1930s to the 1970s. The book explains the story of a wartime policies for post-war reconstruction and examines policies which have had a major influence on the shaping of modern towns and cities. Holford's involvement in planning in the post-war period shows how gradually the concept of 'civic design' has been discarded to the detriment of the urban landscape. His position in the thick of development conflicts, such as that of Piccadilly, have much to tell us about the workings of developers and planning authorities, and the failings of the planning system in the pressures for growth in the 1960s. In this key period of British architectural and planning history, Holford was a leading actor, and describing his role the book provides a very readable account of a little explored area.

Louis I. Kahn was one of the most influential architects, thinkers and teachers of his time. This book examines the important relationship between his work and the city of Rome, whose ancient ruins inspired in him a new design methodology. Structured into two main parts, the first includes personal essays and contributions from the architect's children, writers and other designers on the experience and impact of his work. The second part takes a detailed look at Kahn's residency in Rome, its effects on his thinking, and how his influence spread throughout Italy. It analyses themes directly linked to his architecture, through interviews with teachers and designers such as Franco Purini, Paolo Portoghesi, Giorgio Ciucci, Lucio Valerio Barbera and the architects of the Rome Group of Architects and City Planners (GRAU). Rome and the Legacy of Louis I. Kahn expands the current discourse on this celebrated twentieth-century architect, ideal for students and researchers interested in Kahn's work, architectural history, theory and criticism.

First director of the AcadA(c)mie royale da (TM)architecture, FranAois Blondel established a lasting model for architectural education that helped transform a still largely medieval profession into the one we recognize today.

Most well known for his 1676 urban plan of Paris, Blondel is also celebrated as a mathematician, scientist, and scholar. Few figures are more representative of the close affinity between architecture and the "new science" of the seventeenth century.

The first full-length study in English to appear on this polymath, this book adds to the scholarship on early modern architectural history and particularly on French classicism under Louis XIV and his minister Jean-Baptiste Colbert. It studies early modern science and technology, Baroque court culture, and the development of the discipline of architecture.

James Stirling (1924-1992) was, arguably, the most influential and controversial post-war British architect. Stirling s reputation is based primarily on such seminal buildings as the Leicester University Engineering Building (1959-63, with James Gowan), at one end of his career, and the Neue Staatsgalerie Stuttgart (1977-83, with Michael Wilford) at the other. Although he denied both labels, his work is seen as central to New Brutalism and Post-Modernism and his buildings attracted commentary and theory from the leading architectural thinkers of the day (including Frampton, Tafuri, Eisenman and Banham). Despite his significance, however, there has been very little recent research or creative re-interpretation of his work.

This fascinating insight into Stirling s work presents previously unavailable writings by him as well as new research on his early career, including:

• 'The Black Notebook' the journal he kept in the mid-1950s
• the recorded talk he gave to the 'Team 10' group in 1962, as well as the discussion that followed that talk
• three sets of notes for lectures he gave
• an interview with Stirling and Gowan
• essays by the editor placing the texts in the context of Stirling s early work and discussing Stirling s relation to Le Corbusier.

Profusely illustrated, with many photographs taken by Stirling himself, this book gives fresh understanding of Stirling s early career and the reasons why avant-garde architecture in post-war Britain became so widely influential outside the country.

James Stirling (1924-1992) was, arguably, the most influential and controversial post-war British architect. Stirling s reputation is based primarily on such seminal buildings as the Leicester University Engineering Building (1959-63, with James Gowan), at one end of his career, and the Neue Staatsgalerie Stuttgart (1977-83, with Michael Wilford) at the other. Although he denied both labels, his work is seen as central to New Brutalism and Post-Modernism and his buildings attracted commentary and theory from the leading architectural thinkers of the day (including Frampton, Tafuri, Eisenman and Banham). Despite his significance, however, there has been very little recent research or creative re-interpretation of his work.

This fascinating insight into Stirling s work presents previously unavailable writings by him as well as new research on his early career, including:

• 'The Black Notebook' the journal he kept in the mid-1950s
• the recorded talk he gave to the 'Team 10' group in 1962, as well as the discussion that followed that talk
• three sets of notes for lectures he gave
• an interview with Stirling and Gowan
• essays by the editor placing the texts in the context of Stirling s early work and discussing Stirling s relation to Le Corbusier.

Profusely illustrated, with many photographs taken by Stirling himself, this book gives fresh understanding of Stirling s early career and the reasons why avant-garde architecture in post-war Britain became so widely influential outside the country.

Architectures of Transversality investigates the relationship between modernity, space, power, and culture in Iran. Focusing on Paul Klee's Persian-inspired miniature series and Louis Kahn's unbuilt blueprint for a democratic public space in Tehran, it traces the architectonics of the present as a way of moving beyond universalist and nationalist accounts of modernism. Transversality is a form of spatial production and practice that addresses the three important questions of the self, objects, and power. Using Deleuzian and Heideggerian theory, the book introduces the practices of Klee and Kahn as transversal spatial responses to the dialectical tension between existential and political territories and, in doing so, situates the history of the silent, unrepresented and the unbuilt - constructed from the works of Klee and Kahn - as a possible solution to the crisis of modernity and identity-based politics in Iran.

In this book, Tsiambaos redefines the ground-breaking theory of Greek architect and town planner Constantinos A. Doxiadis (The Form of Space in Ancient Greece) and moves his thesis away from antiquity and ancient architecture, instead arguing that it can only be understood as a theory founded in modernity. In light of this, the author explores Doxiadis' theory in relation to the work of the controversial Greek architect Dimitris Pikionis. This parallel investigation of the philosophical content of Doxiadis' theory and the design principles of Pikionis' work establishes a new frame of reference and creates a valuable and original interpretation of their work. Using innovative cross-disciplinary tools and methods which expand the historical boundaries of interwar modernism, the book restructures the ground of an alternative modernity that looks towards the future through a mirror that reflects the ancient past. From Doxiadis' Theory to Pikionis' Work: Reflections of Antiquity in Modern Architecture is fascinating reading for all scholars and students with an interest in modernism and antiquity, the history and theory of architecture, the history of ideas and aesthetics or town planning theory and design.