Dynamic Treatment Regimes: Statistical Methods for Precision Medicine provides a comprehensive introduction to statistical methodology for the evaluation and discovery of dynamic treatment regimes from data. Researchers and graduate students in statistics, data science, and related quantitative disciplines with a background in probability and statistical inference and popular statistical modeling techniques will be prepared for further study of this rapidly evolving field. A dynamic treatment regime is a set of sequential decision rules, each corresponding to a key decision point in a disease or disorder process, where each rule takes as input patient information and returns the treatment option he or she should receive. Thus, a treatment regime formalizes how a clinician synthesizes patient information and selects treatments in practice. Treatment regimes are of obvious relevance to precision medicine, which involves tailoring treatment selection to patient characteristics in an evidence-based way. Of critical importance to precision medicine is estimation of an optimal treatment regime, one that, if used to select treatments for the patient population, would lead to the most beneficial outcome on average. Key methods for estimation of an optimal treatment regime from data are motivated and described in detail. A dedicated companion website presents full accounts of application of the methods using a comprehensive R package developed by the authors. The authors' website www.dtr-book.com includes updates, corrections, new papers, and links to useful websites.

Focuses on blow room sequence of machines and its functioning. Discusses role of electronics in management of various controls. Reviews practical perspective of modern techniques used in processing cotton through blow room. Offers an exclusive chapter on modern blow room concept. Includes solved examples and exercises.

Textiles and Their Use in Microbial Protection: Focus on COVID-19 and Other Viruses provides readers with vital information about disinfection mechanisms used in textile applications in the fight against dangerous microbes and viruses. KEY FEATURES: Introduces the basics of textile materials used for medical applications Features key information on virology, characterization, indication, and passivation of COVID-19 Describes UV, photocatalysis, photooxidation, application of TiO2, copper-based viral inhibition, and activated carbon Discusses antiviral finishes for the protection against SARS-CoV-2, particle penetration in dense cotton fabrics under swollen state, and the impact of moisture on face masks and their designs Aimed at textile and materials engineers as well as readers in medical fields, this text offers a comprehensive view of fundamentals and solutions in the use of textiles for microbial protection.

For over 80 years, the National Society of Professional Engineers (NSPE) has been a leader in the promotion of ethical practice within the field of engineering. One of the Society's greatest contributions is the formation and adoption of the NSPE Code of Ethics. But the code, with its six "Fundamental Canons," is only truly instructive if engineers can bridge the gap between principles and action. Here there is no substitute for personal reflection on the ethical and philosophical issues that underlie the code. If done well, such reflection provides an indispensable basis for moral problem solving. Beyond the Code: A Philosophical Guide to Engineering Ethics is designed to complement the NSPE Code of Ethics by helping readers "go beyond" in their understanding of the philosophical issues bound up in the code. Each chapter addresses one of the Fundamental Canons of the NSPE code, and provides a philosophical analysis of the various parts of each canon by employing contemporary and classical texts. This unique approach to engineering ethics guides students and professionals in their readings of the appended selections to refine their understanding of the code in order to apply it to the practical challenges of today's engineers. Key Features: Is the first introduction to engineering ethics that helps students understand and apply the NSPE Code of Ethics to engineering practice Includes a Preface from Arthur E. Schwartz, NSPE Deputy Executive Director and General Counsel, and NAFE Executive Director As a hybrid text, includes primary philosophical texts with extensive introductions and guided reading questions from the book's three authors Offers case studies from the NSPE Board of Ethical Review, allowing students to see a direct connection between the issues discussed in the text and real-world engineering practice Includes the following pedagogical aids: "Key Terms and Concepts" for each chapter "Preparing to Read" sections before each primary source reading "Guided Reading Questions" after each primary source reading "Going Beyond-Our Questions for a Deep Dive" after each case study.

Nanomaterials in Bionanotechnology: Fundamentals and Applications offers a comprehensive treatment of nanomaterials in biotechnology from fundamentals to applications, along with their prospects. This book explains the basics of nanomaterial properties, synthesis, biological synthesis, and chemistry and demonstrates how to use nanomaterials to overcome problems in agricultural, environmental, and biomedical applications. Features Covers nanomaterials for environmental analysis and monitoring for heavy metals, chemical toxins, and water pollutant detection Describes nanomaterials-based biosensors and instrumentation and use in disease diagnosis and therapeutics Discusses nanomaterials for food processing and packaging and agricultural waste management Identifies challenges in nanomaterials-based technology and how to solve them This work serves as a reference for industry professionals, advanced students, and researchers working in the discipline of bionanotechnology.

Petroleum reservoir management considerations and practices are deeply rooted in the optimization of development objectives, requisite investments, operational costs, and philosophy in addition to the dynamics of timely decision-making. Petroleum Reservoir Management: Considerations and Practices highlights the key reservoir management topics and issues that engage the attention of exploration and production companies over the life cycle of an oilfield. This is the only book to exclusively address petroleum reservoir management based on actual field development experience. It emphasizes the role of good project management, the value of a quantitative assessment of reservoir health, the importance of using good practices, and the need for true collaboration among various team players to maximize the benefits. The book expands the scope of reservoir management from field operations to boardroom discussions about capital financing to product pricing criteria, mechanisms, and strategies. FEATURES Reviews subsurface and surface management issues Discusses project and price management factors critical to the oil industry Describes macromanagement issues covering the reservoir life cycle from production to pricing Includes the role and significance of teamwork, open communication, and synergy in reservoir management This book is aimed at professionals and graduate students in petroleum and reservoir engineering, oil and gas companies, and environmental engineering.

Describes extensively the design and microfabrication of nanosensors based on nanotechnological tools. Provides a wide range of bioplatforms based on e.g., carbon nanostructures and Describes extensively a large number of application as a part of Nanomaterial based biosensors.

This sequence of manuals addresses key issues such as quality, safety and reliability for those working and training in the manufacture of biscuits, cookies and crackers. Each manual provides a self-sufficient guide to a key topic, full of practical advice on problem-solving and troubleshooting drawn from over 30 years in the industry.
Chocolate Enrobing o Moulding o Sandwich Creaming o Icing o Application of Jam o Marshmallow o Caramel o Troubleshooting Tips
This manual describes what is involved in secondary processes of biscuits-the procedures used to enhance biscuits after they have been baked.

This sequence of manuals addresses key issues such as quality, safety and reliability for those working and training in the manufacture of biscuits, cookies and crackers. Each manual provides a self-sufficient guide to a key topic, full of practical advice on problem-solving and troubleshooting drawn from over 30 years in the industry.
The Biscuit, Cookie and Cracker Manufacturing Manuals will be useful to managers and engineers involved in processing confectionery and baked goods, as well as designers of machinery and production lines.

Sheeting o Gauging o Cutting o Laminating o Rotary Moulding o Extruding o Wire Cutting o Depositing o Troubleshooting Tips
This manual describes what is involved in forming dough pieces from mixed dough.

Subcritical water is a green extraction solvent compared to conventional extraction solvents. While experimental results on subcritical water extraction (SWE) technology have been published piecemeal, there has been no comprehensive review of the state of the art. Green Extraction in Separation Technology fills that gap, serving to cover extracting with subcritical water as an environmentally friendly solvent. FEATURES Presents new technologies for extracting natural compounds from plants and compares the advantages and disadvantages versus SWE Explains research on SWE over the last 15 years Offers an overview of the solubility of different compounds in SWE and related theoretical content Discusses modeling of SWE and describes the development of a new model for this process This monograph is aimed at researchers and advanced students in chemical and biochemical engineering.

The primary goal of nanotechnology is to achieve nanoscale materials and devices with atomic precision. Toward this goal, breakthroughs have recently been made in the solution-phase synthesis and applications of atomically precise nanoclusters. This book presents the exciting progress in this new research field. The chapters are contributed by leading experts of the field and cover the synthetic methods, atomic structures, electronic and optical properties, and catalytic applications of noble metal nanoclusters. Such new nanocluster materials offer exciting opportunities for chemists and physicists to understand the fundamental science of nanoclusters, especially the atomic-level structure-property correlation and design of new materials, as well as for developing a range of applications including catalysis, biomedicine, sensing, imaging, optics, and energy conversion. The book will be of interest to readers and researchers in nanotechnology, nanochemistry, catalysis, and computational chemistry, as well as practitioners in industry R&D for new materials. It is written to be accessible to undergraduate and graduate students and, therefore, is an excellent teaching material.

Even in today's electronic information age, traditional paper is a multi-purpose product that continues to be indispensable to people's daily work and lives. While paper is a valued product, the paper industry contributes to environmental pollution and consumption of natural resources, and the organic substances out of which traditional paper is made render it highly flammable and easy to burn. This book introduces a new technology to develop environmentally friendly fire-resistant paper using highly flexible ultralong hydroxyapatite nanowires and discusses applications and potential for commercialization. Discusses characterization, properties, and synthesis of ultralong hydroxyapatite nanowires and compares them with cellulose fibers Describes steps to design and create fire-resistant paper Covers a variety of function-based fire-resistant paper, including antibacterial, magnetic, photoluminescent, among others Examines a host of applications, such as paper for anti-counterfeiting, encryption and decryption, environmental, energy, and biomedical uses Considers commercialization potential and future prospects This book is aimed at materials scientists, chemical engineers, industrial chemists, and other researchers from across the scientific and engineering disciplines interested in the development of this exciting alternative to traditional paper.

Updating and expanding the scope of topics covered in the previous edition, Percutaneous Absorption: Drugs, Cosmetics, Mechanisms, Methods, Fifth Edition supplies new chapters on topics currently impacting the field including cutaneous metabolism, skin contamination, exposure to protein allergens, in vitro absorption methodology and the percutaneous absorption of chemical mixtures. Complete with studies on the role of the skin as a key portal of entry for chemicals into the body, this book serves as a detailed reference source for recent advances in the field, as well as an experimental guide for laboratory personnel. Key Features: Details in vivo and in vitro methods for measuring absorption, dermal decontamination, mechanisms of transdermal delivery, and the relationship of transepidermal water loss to percutaneous absorption Considers a range of mathematical models, the safety evaluation of cosmetic ingredients, the absorption of hair dyes, nanoparticles for drug delivery, and other novel methods of drug delivery Discusses topics including skin metabolism, the skin reservoir, and the effects of desquamation on absorption

The history of patent harmonization is a story of dynamic actors, whose interactions with established structures shaped the patent regime. From the inception of the trade regime to include intellectual property (IP) rights to the present, this book documents the role of different sets of actors - states, transnational business corporations, or civil society groups - and their influence on the structures - such as national and international agreements, organizations, and private entities - that have caused changes to healthcare and access to medication. Presenting the debates over patents, trade, and the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS Agreement), as it galvanized non-state and nonbusiness actors, the book highlights how an alternative framing and understanding of pharmaceutical patent rights emerged: as a public issue, instead of a trade or IP issue. The book thus offers an important analysis of the legal and political dynamics through which the contest for access to lifesaving medication has been, and will continue to be, fought. In addition to academics working in the areas of international law, development, and public health, this book will also be of interest to policy makers, state actors, and others with relevant concerns working in nongovernmental and international organizations.

This sequence of manuals addresses key issues such as quality, safety and reliability for those working and training in the manufacture of biscuits, cookies and crackers. Each manual provides a self-sufficient guide to a key topic, full of practical advice on problem-solving and troubleshooting drawn from over 30 years in the industry.
What Happens in a Baking Oven o Types of Ovens o Post-Oven Processes o Cooling o Handling o Troubleshooting Tips
This manual describes what is involved in baking and cooling biscuits from dough pieces that have been placed on the oven band.

An Introduction to Compressible Flow, Second Edition covers the material typical of a single-semester course in compressible flow. The book begins with a brief review of thermodynamics and control volume fluid dynamics, then proceeds to cover isentropic flow, normal shock waves, shock tubes, oblique shock waves, Prandtl-Meyer expansion fans, Fanno-line flow, Rayleigh-line flow, and conical shock waves. The book includes a chapter on linearized flow following chapters on oblique shocks and Prandtl-Meyer flows to appropriately ground students in this approximate method. It includes detailed appendices to support problem solutions and covers new oblique shock tables, which allow for quick and accurate solutions of flows with concave corners. The book is intended for senior undergraduate engineering students studying thermal-fluids and practicing engineers in the areas of aerospace or energy conversion. This book is also useful in providing supplemental coverage of compressible flow material in gas turbine and aerodynamics courses.

Discusses endogenous benzodiazepine-like substances - what do they do, do they affect the anti-anxiety drugs and their adverse effects? Presents information on the enigmatic prolonged benzodiazepine withdrawal syndrome Describes the compounds acting at the BDZ binding sites, both exogenous (classical BDZ drugs and BDZ from food and plants) and endogenous (endozepines) Assesses the putative interactions in physiology, pathology and pharmacology of the compounds acting at the BDZ binding sites

Discusses endogenous benzodiazepine-like substances - what do they do, do they affect the anti-anxiety drugs and their adverse effects? Presents information on the enigmatic prolonged benzodiazepine withdrawal syndrome Describes the compounds acting at the BDZ binding sites, both exogenous (classical BDZ drugs and BDZ from food and plants) and endogenous (endozepines) Assesses the putative interactions in physiology, pathology and pharmacology of the compounds acting at the BDZ binding sites

Like its predecessors, the new and updated edition of Advanced Nutrition: Macronutrients, Micronutrients, and Metabolism is an essential textbook for advanced undergraduate and first-year graduate students studying human nutrition. This book draws on inter-related sciences including biochemistry, genetics, and physiology to provide a full understanding of nutrition science. This third edition describes the chemistry, absorption, use and excretion of each of the essential nutrients. There is comprehensive coverage of nutrient-nutrient interactions and both macro and micronutrients. The book places strong emphasis on how nutrient-genetic interactions function with respect to disease development. The new edition includes some of the most recent descriptions of the roles nutrients play in the expression of genetic traits for a variety of degenerative diseases. It includes a new chapter explains the function of microorganisms in the maintenance and development of chronic degenerative disease. Features: Chapters address clinical conditions such as obesity, starvation, hyperlipemia, renal disease and organ function. Includes updated information on the body's microbiotica and the daily nutrient needs of humans across the life cycle. Material reveals the neurodegenerative response to dietary variables with respect to the regulation of food intake. Chapter summaries highlight key information and case studies challenge students to integrate what they have learned to solve clinical cases.

Ammonia holds great promise as a carbon-neutral liquid fuel for storing intermittent renewable energy sources and power generation due to its high energy density and hydrogen content. Photo-Electrochemical Ammonia Synthesis: Nanocatalyst Discovery, Reactor Design, and Advanced Spectroscopy covers the synthesis of novel hybrid plasmonic nanomaterials and their application in photo-electrochemical systems to convert low energy molecules to high value-added molecules and looks specifically at photo-electrochemical nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) for ammonia synthesis as an attractive alternative to the long-lasting thermochemical process. Provides an integrated scientific framework, combining materials chemistry, photo-electrochemistry, and spectroscopy to overcome the challenges associated with renewable energy storage and transport Reviews materials chemistry for the synthesis of a range of heterogeneous (photo) electrocatalysts including plasmonic and hybrid plasmonic-semiconductor nanostructures for selective and efficient conversion of N2 to NH3 Covers novel reactor design to study the redox processes in the photo-electrochemical energy conversion system and to benchmark nanocatalysts' selectivity and activity toward NRR Discusses the use of advanced spectroscopic techniques to probe the reaction mechanism for ammonia synthesis Offers techno-economic analysis and presents performance targets for the scale-up and commercialization of electrochemical ammonia synthesis This book is of value to researchers, advanced students, and industry professionals working in sustainable energy storage and conversion across the disciplines of Chemical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science and Engineering, Environmental Engineering, and related areas.

Millets are low cost cereal grains and widely used in the food industry and animal husbandry as an important source of food and feed. As a rich source of starch, protein, minerals, vitamins, and specific bioactive compounds that contain beneficial antioxidant properties, they have gained considerable attention as a botanical dietary supplement and various functional foods. Millets: Properties, Processing, and Health Benefits explores millet production, chemistry and nutritional aspects, processing technologies, product formulations, and more. Understanding the properties of millets provides a basis for better utilizing millet crops, in addition to further development of millets as an important industrial crop. Key Features: Provides millet taxonomy, history, nutritional aspects, and health benefits Discusses the physical and functional properties of millets Explores various millet-based products Deals with starch composition, structure, properties, and applications Touches on postharvest management of millets This book combines information on the composition, functional properties and processing along with information on the health properties of millets. With its unique presentation on millets flour and starch, it will be suitable for those wanting to use millets in various food products, including food technologists, nutritionists, research scientists, and agriculture professionals.

This book brings together contributions from leading scientists, academics, and experts from the oil and gas industry to discuss microbial-related problems faced by the industry and how bioinformatics and an interdisciplinary scientific approach can address these challenges. Microbial Bioinformatics in the Oil and Gas Industry: Applications to Reservoirs and Processes presents the major industrial problems caused by microbes (e.g., souring, biocorrosion) as well as the beneficial activities (e.g., biofuels, bioremediation). FEATURES Offers a detailed description of how bioinformatics has advanced our understanding of numerous issues in the oil and gas industry Covers cases from geographically diverse oil fields, laboratories, and research groups Contains fundamentals and applied information of relevance to the oil and gas sector Presents contributions from a team of international experts across industry and academia With its cross-disciplinary approach, this comprehensive book provides microbial ecologists, molecular biologists, operators, engineers, chemists, and academics involved in the sector with an improved understanding of the significance of microbial bioinformatics applications in the oil and gas industry.

LCs are self-organized anisotropic fluids that are thermodynamically located between the isotropic liquid and the crystalline phase, exhibiting the fluidity of liquids as well as the long-range lattice order that can only be found in crystalline solids. The addition of nanomaterials to a LC material produces a composite or colloidal dispersion and results into a revolutionary change in their applications. This book will discuss the remarkable performances of nano-particle aided liquid crystals in metamaterials, photonics, functionalized polymer fibres, sensing, and medical diagnostics.

Nanotechnology is one of the most rapidly developing areas of science, with great potential to solve the developmental challenges in a wide range of industries such as aerospace, agriculture, bioengineering, cosmetics, chemicals, electronics, energy, renewables, surface coatings, textiles, medicine, materials manufacturing, military equipment, etc. To compile this book, distinguished scientists, engineers, and industrial professionals from different parts of the world have been invited. An array of 17 high-quality science-based chapters covering recent advancements, challenges, and future trends in industrial applications of nanotechnology is presented. The book is aimed at industrial professionals and graduate-level students and researchers.

This book details the advances in drug discovery and delivery and the present need for emerging technologies. Throughout the text new micro and nanofabrication techniques are described, including methods like electrohydrodynamic processes, additive manufacturing, and microfluidics, which have the potential to produce drug delivery systems that were not possible a few years ago. This book is of great use to both entry-level and experienced researchers in the field of emerging technologies for the manufacturing of drug delivery devices.