An inside account of gender and racial discrimination in the high-tech industry Why is being a computer "geek" still perceived to be a masculine occupation? Why do men continue to greatly outnumber women in the high-technology industry? Since 2014, a growing number of employment discrimination lawsuits has called attention to a persistent pattern of gender discrimination in the tech world. Much has been written about the industry's failure to adequately address gender and racial inequalities, yet rarely have we gotten an intimate look inside these companies. In Geek Girls, France Winddance Twine provides the first book by a sociologist that "lifts the Silicon veil" to provide firsthand accounts of inequality and opportunity in the tech ecosystem. This work draws on close to a hundred interviews with male and female technology workers of diverse racial, ethnic, and educational backgrounds who are currently employed at tech firms such as Apple, Facebook, Google, and Twitter, and at various start-ups in the San Francisco Bay area. Geek Girls captures what it is like to work as a technically skilled woman in Silicon Valley. With a sharp eye for detail and compelling testimonials from industry insiders, Twine shows how the technology industry remains rigged against women, and especially Black, Latinx, and Native American women from working class backgrounds. From recruitment and hiring practices that give priority to those with family, friends, and classmates employed in the industry, to social and educational segregation, to academic prestige hierarchies, Twine reveals how women are blocked from entering this industry. Women who do not belong to the dominant ethnic groups in the industry are denied employment opportunities, and even actively pushed out, despite their technical skills and qualifications. While the technology firms strongly embrace the rhetoric of diversity and oppose discrimination in the workplace, Twine argues that closed social networks and routine hiring practices described by employees reinforce the status quo and reproduce inequality. The myth of meritocracy and gender stereotypes operate in tandem to produce a culture where the use of race-, color-, and power-evasive language makes it difficult for individuals to name the micro-aggressions and forms of discrimination that they experience. Twine offers concrete insights into how the technology industry can address ongoing racial and gender disparities, create more transparency and empower women from underrepresented groups, who continued to be denied opportunities.

Originally published in 1991, this book looks at the problems of applying Western computer programmes to the developing world, arguing that the difficulties are as much cultural as technological. The author shows that the underlying models for computer applications are made up from interpretations of reality which are closely related to Western scientific, technological and cultural development originating from the Renaissance. The book includes a case study of an Egyptian manufacturing company, which reveals the actual problems encountered in the process of computerization.

This new volume, edited by industrial and organizational psychologists, will look at the important topic of cyber security work in the US and around the world. With contributions from experts in the fields of industrial and organizational psychology, human factors, computer science, economics, and applied anthropology, the book takes the position that employees in cyber security professions must maintain attention over long periods of time, must make decisions with imperfect information with the potential to exceed their cognitive capacity, may often need to contend with stress and fatigue, and must frequently interact with others in team settings and multiteam systems. Consequently, psychosocial dynamics become a critical driver of cyber security effectiveness. Chapters in the book reflect a multilevel perspective (individuals, teams, multiteam systems) and describe cognitive, affective and behavioral inputs, processes and outcomes that operate at each level. The book chapters also include contributions from both research scientists and cyber security policy-makers/professionals to promote a strong scientist-practitioner dynamic. The intent of the book editors is to inform both theory and practice regarding the psychosocial dynamics of cyber security work.

This book describes basic concepts of workflow automation in the graphic industry. There are three main chapters: Scope of Workflows in the Printing Industry, Production Models, and Metadata Formats. The book does not describe the individual business and production steps for manufacturing a print product. Rather, it describes what kinds of data exchanges are required between management software and devices to make the automatic execution of processes possible. Primary audience is students studying graphic arts technology, practitioners at printing and manufacturing companies, and computer scientists who are interested in workflow-related matters. It is presupposed that the reader is familiar with the basic procedures in the printing industry as well with the fundamental concepts of IT technology.

This book is a part of the Blue Book series "Research on the Development of Electronic Information Engineering Technology in China", which explores the cutting edge of natural language processing (NLP) studies. The research objects of natural language processing are evolved from words, phrases, and sentences to text, and research directions are from language analysis, language understanding, language generation, knowledge graphs, machine translation, to deep semantic understanding, and beyond. This is in line with the development trend of applications. And for another typical NLP application machine translation, from text translation, to voice and image translation, now simultaneous interpretation, progress of technology makes the application of machine translation deeper and wider into diverse industries. This book is intended for researchers and industrial staffs who have been following the current situation and future trends of the natural language processing. Meanwhile, it also bears high value of reference for experts, scholars, and technical and engineering managers of different levels and different fields.

EU communications policy has massively changed due to both global competition on the ICT market and technological developments that led to the emergence of Internet technology. This book analyzes the structural and procedural transformation processes inside the EU legislative processes and concludes that EU communications policy struggles to reflect today's internet-enabled communications reality. It provides insights in the institutional conditions that maintained specific patterns of EU communications policy since the beginning of telecommunications regulation and concludes with an outlook on the technological and regulatory challenges ahead.

This book discusses important topics for engineering and managing software startups, such as how technical and business aspects are related, which complications may arise and how they can be dealt with. It also addresses the use of scientific, engineering, and managerial approaches to successfully develop software products in startup companies. The book covers a wide range of software startup phenomena, and includes the knowledge, skills, and capabilities required for startup product development; team capacity and team roles; technical debt; minimal viable products; startup metrics; common pitfalls and patterns observed; as well as lessons learned from startups in Finland, Norway, Brazil, Russia and USA. All results are based on empirical findings, and the claims are backed by evidence and concrete observations, measurements and experiments from qualitative and quantitative research, as is common in empirical software engineering. The book helps entrepreneurs and practitioners to become aware of various phenomena, challenges, and practices that occur in real-world startups, and provides insights based on sound research methodologies presented in a simple and easy-to-read manner. It also allows students in business and engineering programs to learn about the important engineering concepts and technical building blocks of a software startup. It is also suitable for researchers at different levels in areas such as software and systems engineering, or information systems who are studying advanced topics related to software business.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Software Business, ICSOB 2020, which was held during November 16-18, 2020. The conference was originally planned to take place in Karlskrona, Sweden, but changed to an online format due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The 13 full papers and 5 short papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 39 submissions. They deal with a range of topics including practices for engineering and marketing software-intensive products, extracting business value from machine learning based software components, ethical considerations of the software business, software ecosystems, and pedagogy of teaching entrepreneurship and software business.

In today's complex commercial environments, marketing has become a central aspect to every successful business. Businesses need flexible, effective means of gaining commercial traction by managing their relationships with audiences, stakeholders and competitors. They require effective marketing and branding that move beyond the standard forms of brand orientation and commercial interaction. New marketing models must think smart to create innovative strategies which have long-term sustainable economic goals. The Smart Marketing Book is a practical, reliable and concise title that offers the core marketing principles - applicable for anyone who wishes to improve their organization's financial and creative values. It is a straightforward guide that avoids unnecessary and time-consuming practices. An illustrative handbook that covers marketing principles and topics through visual innovation. A credible statement to all marketers trying to source the most relevant strategies from a field cursed with infinite information.

This book constitutes revised selected papers from the 14th International Global Sourcing Workshop 2019, held in Obergurgl, Austria, in December 2019. The 10 contributions included were carefully reviewed and selected from a total of 36 submissions.The book offers a review of the key topics in sourcing of services, populated with practical frameworks that serve as a tool kit to students and managers. The range of topics covered in this book is wide and diverse, offering various perspectives on the employment of digital technologies in the context of sourcing services. More specifically the book examines sourcing decisions and management practices around digital platforms, robotic process automation and blockchain, giving specific attention to digital aspects of innovation in sourcing.

This book provides a detailed and comprehensive overview of all phases of a hackathon and thus helps to reduce complexity, to use opportunities, to avert pitfalls and to avoid problems. In addition, it also explains from a participant's perspective how to succeed in a hackathon. Lastly, the book is rounded off by extensive checklists, which support you in your own hackathons. The book is structured as follows: At first the basics and the history of hackathons are described in chapter 1. Afterwards the three phases of a hackathon are described in detail. This is started in chapter 2 with the description of the individual measures which are to be accomplished before the actual event. Here not only technical or organizational aspects are described, but also the important legal aspects are discussed. Subsequently, it is shown what is necessary to carry out a hackathon successfully. For this purpose the actual execution with all its steps is described in chapter 3. Next, chapter 4 looks at the follow-ups, which are often neglected or even completely forgotten. Chapter 5 describes from a participant's point of view the reasons for participating in a hackathon and which aspects guarantee a successful participation. In the following chapter 6 the criticism of the format of the hackathons and their execution is also examined in detail. Eventually, the most important points are summarized in chapter 7, before chapter 8 gives a view into the future of hackathons. Subsequently chapter 9 collects statements and opinions of representatives from industry, science and administration on the topic of hackathons. The book is rounded off in chapter 10 with detailed checklists, which can be directly used for the successful planning, operation and follow-up of hackathons. The book is written for everyone with an interest in how hackathons work, how to create them, and how to successfully participate. It especially targets people in industry or young students who want to run or participate in a hackathon.

In Beyond the Algorithm: Qualitative Insights for Gig Work Regulation, Deepa Das Acevedo and a collection of scholars and experts show why government actors must go beyond mass surveys and data-scrubbing in order to truly understand the realities of gig work. The contributors draw on qualitative empirical research to reveal the narratives and real-life experiences that define gig work, and they connect these insights to policy debates being fought out in courts, town halls, and even in Congress itself. The book also bridges academic and non-academic worlds by drawing on the experiences of drivers, journalists, and workers' advocates who were among the first people to study gig work from the bottom up. This book is a must-read for anyone interested in gig work, the legal infrastructure surrounding it, and how that infrastructure can and must be improved.

Die zunehmende Relevanz der Onlinemedien hat verstarkt Einfluss auf die Struktur der Medienwerbemarkte und damit auch auf die Praxis der sachlichen Marktabgrenzung im deutschen und europaischen Kartellrecht genommen. Die Autorin analysiert die Entwicklungen der Medienwerbemarkte und beleuchtet anhand exemplarischer Beschlusse von Kartellbehoerden und Gerichten, dass in der aktuellen Kartellrechtspraxis bei der Einordnung der Onlinemedienwerbemarkte im Rahmen der sachlichen Marktabgrenzung noch keine belastbare Rechtspraxis gefunden worden ist. Anhand der gewonnenen Erkenntnisse prasentiert die Autorin eine progressive Empfehlung fur die kartellrechtliche Praxis zur sachgerechten Neubewertung der Medienwerbemarkte, die eine Brucke zwischen der wirtschaftlichen Realitat und der erforderlichen rechtlichen Wurdigung der Marktverhaltnisse im Rahmen der sachlichen Marktabgrenzung schlagt.

If you wanted to build a machine that would distribute propaganda to millions of people, distract them from important issues, energize hatred and bigotry, erode social trust, undermine respectable journalism, foster doubts about science, and engage in massive surveillance all at once, you would make something a lot like Facebook. Of course, none of that was part of the plan. In Antisocial Media, Siva Vaidhyanathan explains how Facebook devolved from an innocent social site hacked together by Harvard students into a force that, while it may make personal life just a little more pleasurable, makes democracy a lot more challenging. It's an account of the hubris of good intentions, a missionary spirit, and an ideology that sees computer code as the universal solvent for all human problems. And it's an indictment of how "social media" has fostered the deterioration of democratic culture around the world, from facilitating Russian meddling in support of Trump's election to the exploitation of the platform by murderous authoritarians in Burma and the Philippines. Facebook grew out of an ideological commitment to data-driven decision making and logical thinking. Its culture is explicitly tolerant of difference and dissent. Both its market orientation and its labor force are global. It preaches the power of connectivity to change lives for the better. Indeed, no company better represents the dream of a fully connected planet "sharing" words, ideas, and images, and no company has better leveraged those ideas into wealth and influence. Yet no company has contributed more to the global collapse of basic tenets of deliberation and democracy. Both authoritative and trenchant, Antisocial Media shows how Facebook's mission went so wrong.

This book addresses the question of how competition authorities assess mergers in the Information Communication Technology (ICT) sector so as to promote competition in innovation. A closer look at the question reveals that it is far more complex and difficult to answer for the ICT, telecommunications and multi-sided platform (MSP) economy than for more traditional sectors of the economy. This has led many scholars to re-think and question whether the current merger control framework is suitable for the ICT sector, which is often also referred to as the new economy. The book pursues an interdisciplinary approach combining insights from law, economics and corporate strategy. Further, it has a comparative dimension, as it discusses the practices of the US, the EU and, wherever relevant, of other competition authorities from around the globe. Considering that the research was conducted in the EU, the practices of the European Commission remain a key aspect of the content.Considering its normative dimension, the book concentrates on the substantive aspects of merger control. To facilitate a better understanding of the most important points, the book also offers a brief overview of the procedural aspects of merger control in the EU, the US and the UK, and discusses recent amendments to Austrian and German law regarding the notification threshold. Given its scope, the book offers an invaluable guide for competition law scholars, practitioners in the field, and competition authorities worldwide.

For decades, leadership in technological innovation has sustained U.S. power worldwide. Today, however, processes that undergird innovation increasingly transcend national borders. Cross-border flows of brainpower have reached unprecedented heights, while multinationals invest more and more in high-tech facilities abroad. In this new world, U.S. technological leadership increasingly involves collaboration with other countries. China and India have emerged as particularly prominent partners, most notably as suppliers of intellectual talent to the United States. In The Conflicted Superpower, Andrew Kennedy explores how the world's most powerful country approaches its growing collaboration with these two rising powers. Whereas China and India have embraced global innovation, policy in the United States is conflicted. Kennedy explains why, through in-depth case studies of U.S. policies toward skilled immigration, foreign students, and offshoring. These make clear that U.S. policy is more erratic than strategic, the outcome of domestic battles between competing interests. Pressing for openness is the "high-tech community"-the technology firms and research universities that embody U.S. technological leadership. Yet these pro-globalization forces can face resistance from a range of other interests, including labor and anti-immigration groups, and the nature of this resistance powerfully shapes just how open national policy is. Kennedy concludes by asking whether U.S. policies are accelerating or slowing American decline, and considering the prospects for U.S. policy making in years to come.

The report focuses on the contribution that STI practices make towards mitigating some of the most pressing sustainability challenges facing the urban socio-technical systems in a post-COVID-19 world. The report also assesses the urbanization trends and the impact of the pandemic on sustainable urban development. It identifies 12 key urban sustainability challenges: energy, circularity, water, mobility, economic prosperity and financial stability, housing, education, gender empowerment & equality, urban planning, healthcare, safety and security, and protection from natural disasters. For each category, a selection of practical STI solutions and innovative case studies worldwide are presented. Finally, the report calls for action at the national and international level to seize the innovation momentum from the COVID-19 pandemic and to use the transformative power of STI to deliver on the commitment to sustainable urban development. Governments should prioritize the STI solutions that ensure value for money and more efficient spending, focusing on activities that boost urban resilience. International cooperation efforts will be needed to further pool, formalize and transfer the available knowledge on effective STI solutions.

Over the past 25 years, the field of innovation, entrepreneurship and commercialization has reached a critical mass and maturity. It is not only possible but also essential to scale it so that an immense amount of untapped human innovative potential can be unleashed for the benefit of our people. Further, R&D centers and existing entrepreneurial ecosystems can be made more impactful. Firstly, this book succinctly identifies the entire field of innovation into one comprehensive and meaningful framework to help understand its evolution, incremental growth, super acceleration, and exponential explosion that has resulted in an innovation log jam. Secondly, it maps out common characteristics and approaches that make innovation, venture capital and investments into startups succeed much better. And, last, but not the least, it outlines measures to commercialize them in a massive way and "industrialize" innovation going forward including creating next generation 'Innovation Hubs'.

Manage your Angular development using Reactive programming. Growing in popularity and now an essential part of any professional web developer's toolkit, Reactive programming can enrich your development and make your code more efficient. Featuring a core application to explore and build yourself, this book shows you how to utilize ngrx/store as a state management with Redux pattern, and how to utilize ngrx/effects to define a better and more robust application architecture. Through working code examples, you will understand every aspect of Reactive programming with Angular so that you'll be able to develop maintainable, readable code. Reactive Programming with Angular and ngrx is ideal for developers already familiar with JavaScript, Angular, or other languages, and who are looking for more insight into their Angular projects. Use this book to start mastering Reactive programming today. What You'll Learn Construct components efficiently Utilize ngrx extensions and RxJS Organize state management with reducers, actions and side effects Who This Book Is For Developers who are already familiar with JavaScript and Angular and want to move onto more advanced development.

In Beyond the Algorithm: Qualitative Insights for Gig Work Regulation, Deepa Das Acevedo and a collection of scholars and experts show why government actors must go beyond mass surveys and data-scrubbing in order to truly understand the realities of gig work. The contributors draw on qualitative empirical research to reveal the narratives and real-life experiences that define gig work, and they connect these insights to policy debates being fought out in courts, town halls, and even in Congress itself. The book also bridges academic and non-academic worlds by drawing on the experiences of drivers, journalists, and workers' advocates who were among the first people to study gig work from the bottom up. This book is a must-read for anyone interested in gig work, the legal infrastructure surrounding it, and how that infrastructure can and must be improved.

Currently, there are global endeavors to integrate network information into the natural world and human society. This process will lead to marked improvements in productivity and product quality, and to new production methods and lifestyles. Further, these advances will have significant impacts, similar to those of the agricultural and industrial revolutions. At the same time, it is profoundly changing competition around the globe. Security, economic, social, military and cultural trends generate new opportunities for national development, new living spaces for humans, new fields of social governance, and new momentum for industrial upgrading and international competition. Over the next 20 years, the development of network communication technologies will focus on three-domain human-network-thing interconnections and their systematic integration into various industries and regions. This will be made possible by digitalization, networking and intellectualization, and will result in the extended connection of human societies around the globe, and a continuously enriched and expanded network space.This book summarizes the development of network communication, both globally and in China, as well as its future prospects from the perspectives of academia, technology and industry. Further, in the context of technology and applications, it focuses on mobile communication, data communication, and optical fiber communication. Discussing application services related to the mobile Internet, Internet of Things, edge computing and quantum communication, it highlights the latest technological advances, future trends, technologies and industry development hotspots. Lastly, it explores 15 buzzwords in the field of network communication in technology and industrial development, providing definitions, and describing the state of development of related applications.