Micro/nanotribology as a field is concerned with experimental and theoretical investigations of processes ranging from atomic and molecular scales to the microscale, occurring during adhesion, friction, wear, and thin-film lubrication at sliding surfaces. As a field it is truly interdisciplinary, but this confronts the would-be entrant with the difficulty of becoming familiar with the basic theories and applications: the area is not covered in any undergraduate or graduate scientific curriculum. The present work commences with a history of tribology and micro/nanotribology, followed by discussions of instrumentation, basic theories of friction, wear and lubrication on nano- to microscales, and their industrial applications. A variety of research instruments are covered, including a variety of scanning probe microscopes and surface force apparatus. Experimental research and modelling are expertly dealt with, the emphasis throughout being applied aspects.

Develop original, clear interviewing skills with the hallmark microskills approach within INTENTIONAL INTERVIEWING AND COUNSELING: FACILITATING CLIENT DEVELOPMENT IN A MULTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 10E. This text provides the insights and tools you need to address individual and multicultural uniqueness. You learn to conduct interviews using six different theoretical approaches as you begin to develop a personalized style of interviewing and counseling that matches your aptitudes and affinities. This is the only text of its kind that demonstrates how to understand and use the latest neuroscience developments in counseling practice. Updates detail how counseling and psychotherapy change the brain and build new neural networks in both client and counselor. New content also emphasizes telehealth and trauma counseling and the effects of stress and the pandemic. Timely case studies, sample interviews and a "Portfolio of Competencies" help you master key skills and become a better listener.

This volume contains the invited contributions to the Spring 2012 seminar series at Virginia State University on Mathematical Sciences and Applications. It is a thematic continuation of work presented in Volume 24 of the Springer Proceedings in Mathematics & Statistics series. Contributors present their own work as leading researchers to advance their specific fields and induce a genuine interdisciplinary interaction. Thus all articles therein are selective, self-contained, and are pedagogically exposed to foster student interest in science, technology, engineering and mathematics, stimulate graduate and undergraduate research, as well as collaboration between researchers from different areas. The volume features new advances in mathematical research and its applications: anti-periodicity; almost stochastic difference equations; absolute and conditional stability in delayed equations; gamma-convergence and applications to block copolymer morphology; the dynamics of collision and near-collision in celestial mechanics; almost and pseudo-almost limit cycles; rainbows in spheres and connections to ray, wave and potential scattering theory; null-controllability of the heat equation with constraints; optimal control for systems subjected to null-controllability; the Galerkin method for heat transfer in closed channels; wavelet transforms for real-time noise cancellation; signal, image processing and machine learning in medicine and biology; methodology for research on durability, reliability, damage tolerance of aerospace materials and structures at NASA Langley Research Center. The volume is suitable and valuable for mathematicians, scientists and research students in a variety of interdisciplinary fields, namely physical and life sciences, engineering and technology including structures and materials sciences, computer science for signal, image processing and machine learning in medicine.

Over a period of several years the field of probabilistic mechanics and com putational mechanics have progressed vigorously, but independently. With the advent of powerful computational hardware and the development of novel mechanical techniques, the field of stochastic mechanics has progressed in such a manner that the inherent uncertainty of quite complicated systems can be addressed. The first International Conference on Computational Stochastic Mechanics was convened in Corfu in September 1991 in an ef fort to provide a forum for the exchanging of ideas on the current status of computational methods as applied to stochastic mechanics and for identi fying needs for further research. The Conference covered both theoretical techniques and practical applications. The Conference also celebrated the 60th anniversary of the birthday of Dr. Masanobu Shinozuka, the Sollenberger Professor of Civil Engineering at Princeton University, whose work has contributed in such a great measure to the development of Computational Stochastic Mechanics. A brief sum mary of his career and achievements are given in the Dedication. This book comprises some of the papers presented at the meeting and cov ers sections on Theoretical Reliability Analysis; Damage Analysis; Applied Reliability Analysis; Theoretical Random Vibrations; Stochastic Finite Ele ment Concept; Fatigue and Fracture; Monte Carlo Simulations; Earthquake Engineering Applications; Materials; Applied Random Vibrations; Applied Stochastic Finite Element Analysis, and Flow Related Applications and Chaotic Dynamics. The Editors hope that the book will be a valuable contribution to the grow ing literature covering the field of Computational Stochastic Mechanics.

Thermomechanics of Solids and Structures: Physical Mechanisms, Continuum Mechanics, and Applications covers kinematics, balance equations, the strict thermodynamic frameworks of thermoelasticity, thermoplasticity, creep covering constitutive equations, the physical mechanisms of deformation, along with computational aspects. The book concludes with coverage of the thermodynamics of solids and applications of the constitutive three-dimensional model to both one-dimensional homogeneous and composite beam structures. Practical applications of the theories and techniques covered are emphasized throughout the book, with analytical solutions provided for various problems.

South pointing chariots, walking machines and the astronomical mechanical clock are all used as illustrated examples in this fascinating and unique study of lost machinery in ancient China. This is the first book of its kind, combining creative mechanism design methodology with mechanical evolution and variation theory to set out how some ancient designs can be recreated. Furthermore the book reflects on how age-old wisdoms could stimulate stunning new machinery in the future.

This book contains selected papers prepared for the NATO Advanced Study Institute on "Unsteady Combustion," which was held in Praia da Granja, Portugal, 6-17 September 1993. Approximately 100 delegates from 14 countries attended. The Institute was the most recent in a series beginning with "Instrumentation for Combustion and Flow in Engines," held in Vimeiro, Portugal 1987 and followed by "Combusting Flow Diagnostics" conducted in Montechoro, Portugal in 1990. Together, these three Institutes have covered a wide range of experimental and theoretical topics arising in the research and development of combustion systems with particular emphasis on gas-turbine combustors and internal combustion engines. The emphasis has evolved roughly from instrumentation and experimental techniques to the mixture of experiment, theory and computational work covered in the present volume. As the title of this book implies, the chief aim of this Institute was to provide a broad sampling of problems arising with time-dependent behaviour in combustors. In fact, of course, that intention encompasses practically all possibilities, for "steady" combustion hardly exists if one looks sufficiently closely at the processes in a combustion chamber. The point really is that, apart from the excellent paper by Bahr (Chapter 10) discussing the technology of combustors for aircraft gas turbines, little attention is directed to matters of steady performance. The volume is divided into three parts devoted to the subjects of combustion-induced oscillations; combustion in internal combustion engines; and experimental techniques and modelling.

This book provides a thorough approach for mastering the behavior and operation of induction motors, an essential device in the modern industrial world. Its way of presentation renders this book suitable for selfteaching by students, engineers, and researchers in the field of electrical engineering. It covers the modern theory of induction motor applications and control methods. The transient analysis of both three-phase and single-phase induction motors as well as that of the double-cage motors are developed. The principles of such modern control methods as Field-Oriented Control, Direct Torque Control and Computed Charges Acceleration Method are clearly treated in this monograph. Numerous equations, simulations, and figures are presented.

McCoy's guide to the maintenance and management of cooling water systems and the bacteria that live in them. Includes studies and testing of microbicides and other microorganisms that infest re-circulating cooling water systems and factors influencing their health and growth. Tests biological oxidation processes as a way of reusing treated effluents as an important method of water conservation in the petroleum refining and chemical processing industries. Explores practical methods for controlling microorganisms in cooling water; including working with chlorine dioxide as a microbicide. Methods are given for identifying and evaluating toxicants and bacteria that lead to fouling and staining of cooling water systems.

The intention of this booklet is a brief but general introduction into the treatment of the Finite Element Method (FEM). The FEM has become the leading method in computer-oriented mechanics, so that many scienti?c brancheshavegrownup besides overthelastdecades. Nevertheless,theFEM today is a question of economy. On the one hand its industrial application is forced to reduce product development costs and time, on the other hand a large number of commercial FEM codes and a still growing number of software for e?ective pre- and postprocessors are available in the meantime. Due to that, today it is a quite challenging task to operate with all these di?erent tools at the same time and to understand all handling and so- tion techniques developed over the last years. So, we want to help in getting a deeper insight into the main "interfaces" between the "customers of the FEM" and the codes itself by providing a totally open structured FE-code based on Matlab, which is a very powerful tool in operating with matrix based formulations. That idea and conditions forced us some years ago to initiateDAEdalon as a tool for general FE developments in research appli- tions. In spite of still existing high sophisticated - mostly commercial - FE codes, the success and the acceptance of such a structured tool justify that decision afterwards more and more.

The Practice of Engineering Dynamics is a textbook that takes a systematic approach to understanding dynamic analysis of mechanical systems. It comprehensively covers dynamic analysis of systems from equilibrium states to non-linear simulations and presents frequency analysis of experimental data. It divides the practice of engineering dynamics into three parts: Part 1 - Modelling: Deriving Equations of Motion; Part 2 - Simulation: Using the Equations of Motion; and Part 3- Experimental Frequency Domain Analysis. This approach fulfils the need to be able to derive the equations governing the motion of a system, to then use the equations to provide useful design information, and finally to be able to analyze experimental data measured on dynamic systems. The Practice of Engineering Dynamics includes end of chapter exercises and is accompanied by a website hosting a solutions manual.

For the last couple of decades it has been recognized that the foundation material on which a structure is constructed may interact dynamically with the structure during its response to dynamic excitation to the extent that the stresses and deflections in the system are modified from the values that would have been developed if it had been on a rigid foundations. This phenomenon is examined in detail in this book. The basic solutions are examined in time and frequency domains and finite element and boundary element solutions compared. Experimental investigations aimed at correlation and verification with theory are described in detail. A wide variety of SSI problems may be formulated and solved approximately-using simplified models in lieu of rigorous procedures; the book gives a good overview of these methods. A feature often lacking in other texts on the subject, is the way in which dynamic behaviour of soil can be modelled. Two contributors have addressed this problem from the computational and physical characterization viewpoints. The book illustrates practical areas with the analysis of tunnel linings and stiffness and damping of pile groups. Finally, design code provisions and derivation of design input motions complete this thorough overview of SSI in conventional engineering practice. Taken in its entirety the book, written by 15 well known experts, gives an in-depth review of soil-structure interaction across a broad spectrum of aspects usually not covered in a single volume. It should be a readily usable reference for the research worker as well as the advance level practitioner.

Intelligent technical systems, which combine mechanical, electrical and software engineering with methods from control engineering and advanced mathematics, go far beyond the state of the art in mechatronics and open up fascinating perspectives. Among these systems are so-called self-optimizing systems, which are able to adapt their behavior autonomously and flexibly to changing operating conditions. The Collaborative Research Center 614 "Self-optimizing concepts and structures in mechanical engineering" pursued the long-term aim to enable others to develop dependable self-optimizing systems. Assuring their dependability poses new challenges. However, self-optimization also offers the possibility to adapt the system's behavior to improve dependability during operation.

The aim of this book is to provide methods and techniques to master the challenges and to exploit the possibilities given by self-optimization. The reader will be able to develop self-optimizing systems that fulfill and surpass today s dependability requirements easily.

This book is directed to researchers and practitioners alike. It gives a brief introduction to the holistic development approach for self-optimizing mechatronic systems and the steps required to assure a dependable product design starting with the very early conceptual design phase. A guideline to select suitable methods for each step and the methods themselves are included. Each method is individually introduced, many examples and full references are given.

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This book is a compilation of selected papers from the 2014 New Trends in Fatigue and Fracture (NT2F14) Conference, which was held in Belgrade, Serbia. This prestigious conference brought together delegates from around the globe to discuss how to characterize, predict and analyze the fatigue and fracture of engineering materials, components, and structures using theoretical, experimental, numerical and practical approaches. It highlights some important new trends in fracture mechanics presented at the conference, such as: * two-parameter fracture mechanics, arising from the coupling of fracture toughness and stress constraints * high-performance steel for gas and oil transportation and production (pressure vessels and boilers) * safety and reliability of welded joints This book includes 12 contributions from well-known international scientists and a special tribute dedicated to the scientific contributions of Stojan Sedmark, who passed away in 2014.

The German Research Council (DFG) decided 1987 to establish a nationwide five year research project devoted to dynamics of multibody systems. In this project universities and research centers cooperated with the goal to develop a general pur pose multibody system software package. This concept provides the opportunity to use a modular structure of the software, i.e. different multibody formalisms may be combined with different simulation programmes via standardized interfaces. For the DFG project the database RSYST was chosen using standard FORTRAN 77 and an object oriented multibody system datamodel was defined. The project included * research on the fundamentals of the method of multibody systems, * concepts for new formalisms of dynamical analysis, * development of efficient numerical algorithms and * realization of a powerful software package of multibody systems. These goals required an interdisciplinary cooperation between mathematics, compu ter science, mechanics, and control theory. ix X After a rigorous reviewing process the following research institutions participated in the project (under the responsibility of leading scientists): Technical University of Aachen (Prof. G. Sedlacek) Technical University of Darmstadt (Prof. P. Hagedorn) University of Duisburg M. Hiller) (Prof.

This volume features the contributions to the 15th Symposium of the STAB (German Aerospace Aerodynamics Association). Papers provide a broad overview of ongoing work in Germany, including high aspect ratio wings, low aspect ratio wings, bluff bodies, laminar flow control and transition, active flow control, hypersonic flows, aeroelasticity, aeroacoustics, mathematical fundamentals, numerical simulations, physical fundamentals, and facilities.

This book focuses on the way in which the problem of the motion of bodies has been viewed and approached over the course of human history. It is not another traditional history of mechanics but rather aims to enable the reader to fully understand the deeper ideas that inspired men, first in attempting to understand the mechanisms of motion and then in formulating theories with predictive as well as explanatory value. Given this objective, certain parts of the history of mechanics are neglected, such as fluid mechanics, statics and astronomy after Newton. On the other hand, due attention is paid, for example, to the history of thermodynamics, which has its own particular point of view on motion. Inspired in part by historical epistemology, the book examines the various views and theories of a given historical period (synchronic analysis) and then makes comparisons between different periods (diachronic analysis). In each period, one or two of the most meaningful contributions are selected for particular attention, instead of presenting a long inventory of scientific achievements.

The years 2006 and 2007 mark a dramatic change of peoples view regarding c- mate change and energy consumption. The new IPCC report makes clear that - mankind plays a dominant role on climate change due to CO emissions from en- 2 ergy consumption, and that a significant reduction in CO emissions is necessary 2 within decades. At the same time, the supply of fossil energy sources like coal, oil, and natural gas becomes less reliable. In spring 2008, the oil price rose beyond 100 $/barrel for the first time in history. It is commonly accepted today that we have to reduce the use of fossil fuels to cut down the dependency on the supply countries and to reduce CO emissions. The use of renewable energy sources and 2 increased energy efficiency are the main strategies to achieve this goal. In both strategies, heat and cold storage will play an important role. People use energy in different forms, as heat, as mechanical energy, and as light. With the discovery of fire, humankind was the first time able to supply heat and light when needed. About 2000 years ago, the Romans started to use ceramic tiles to store heat in under floor heating systems. Even when the fire was out, the room stayed warm. Since ancient times, people also know how to cool food with ice as cold storage.

This book is concerned with electromechanical systems, particularly the interaction between and the control of the electrical (electronic) and mechanical components. As electronics is becoming increasingly important in controlling machines, the problems of mechanical engineering can be less and less separated from those of electronic engineering and control engineering. This graduate-level text fills a gap in the literature by considering these problems from a unified perspective; it requires only a background in undergraduate mechanical engineering as a prerequisite. The first part of the book deals with electromechanical sensors and actuators, beginning with a review of mechanics and electrodynamics. These fundamentals are then applied to simple devices such as stepper motors, DC motors, and piezoelectric devices. Part two focuses on issues involving control, and begins with a review of classical control theory. Subsequent chapters discuss computer-controlled electromechanical systems, residual vibration, and active damping.

Hard machining is a recent technology that can be defined as a direct machining operation of workpieces that have hardness values typically in the 45-70HRc range using tools with geometrically-defined cutting edges.

This operation always presents the challenge of selecting a cutting tool insert that facilitates an extended tool life and high-precision machining of the component. Hard machining presents several advantages when compared with the traditional methodology based on finish grinding operations after heat treatment of workpieces. This technology also offers a great contribution to sustainable manufacturing.

Hard materials comprise hardened steels, high-speed steels, heat-treatable steels, tool steels, bearing steels and chilled/white cast irons. Inconnel, Hastelloy, cobalt alloys for biomedical applications and other special materials are also classified as hard materials. These materials are in constant use by the automotive industry for bearing production and for the machining of dies and moulds as well as other components for advanced industries.

Machining of Hard Materials aims to provide the fundamentals and recent advances in the study of hard machining of materials. All chapters are written by international experts in this important field of research.

Chapter 1 defines machining of hard materials and its application in industry. Chapter 2 is dedicated to advanced cutting tools used for the machining of hard materials. Chapter 3 describes the mechanics of the cutting and chip formation. Chapter 4 contains information on surface integrity. Chapter 5 is dedicated to finite element modelling and simulation. Finally, Chapter 6 is dedicated to computational methods and optimization.

Machining of Hard Materials can serve as a useful reference for academics; manufacturing and materials researchers; manufacturing and mechanical engineers; and professionals in machining and related industries.

A discussion of models for the behaviour of gas bearings, particularly of the aspects affecting the stability of the system. The text begins with a discussion of the mathematical models, identifying the stiffness and damping coefficients, and describing the behaviour of the models in unstable regions. It then turns to apply these results to bearings: static characteristics and stability of various rotor systems and an extensive discussion of air rings.

Understanding and predicting the performance of electromechanical systems is crucially important in the design of many modern products, and today s engineers and researchers are constantly seeking methods for optimizing these complex systems.

This important text/reference highlights a unique combination of numerical tools and strategies for handling the challenges of multiphysics simulation. As multiphysics simulation is a broad and rapidly growing field, requiring an array of technical skills in different intersecting disciplines, this book presents a specific focus on electromechanical systems as the target application.

Topics and features: introduces the concept of design via simulation, along with the role of multiphysics simulation in today s engineering environment; discusses the importance of structural optimization techniques in the design and development of electromechanical systems; provides an overview of the physics commonly involved with electromechanical systems for applications such as electronics, magnetic components, RF components, actuators, and motors; reviews the governing equations for the simulation of related multiphysics problems; outlines relevant (topology and parametric size) optimization methods for electromechanical systems; describes in detail several multiphysics simulation and optimization example studies in both two and three dimensions, with sample numerical code.

Researchers and engineers in industry and academia will find this work to be an invaluable reference on advanced electromechanical system design. The book is also suitable for students at undergraduate and graduate level, and many of the design examples will be of interest to anyone curious about the unique design solutions that arise from the coupling of optimization methods with multiphysics simulation techniques."