Understanding and predicting the performance of electromechanical systems is crucially important in the design of many modern products, and today s engineers and researchers are constantly seeking methods for optimizing these complex systems.

This important text/reference highlights a unique combination of numerical tools and strategies for handling the challenges of multiphysics simulation. As multiphysics simulation is a broad and rapidly growing field, requiring an array of technical skills in different intersecting disciplines, this book presents a specific focus on electromechanical systems as the target application.

Topics and features: introduces the concept of design via simulation, along with the role of multiphysics simulation in today s engineering environment; discusses the importance of structural optimization techniques in the design and development of electromechanical systems; provides an overview of the physics commonly involved with electromechanical systems for applications such as electronics, magnetic components, RF components, actuators, and motors; reviews the governing equations for the simulation of related multiphysics problems; outlines relevant (topology and parametric size) optimization methods for electromechanical systems; describes in detail several multiphysics simulation and optimization example studies in both two and three dimensions, with sample numerical code.

Researchers and engineers in industry and academia will find this work to be an invaluable reference on advanced electromechanical system design. The book is also suitable for students at undergraduate and graduate level, and many of the design examples will be of interest to anyone curious about the unique design solutions that arise from the coupling of optimization methods with multiphysics simulation techniques."

We live in an age in which one can easily think that our generation has invented and discovered almost everything; but the truth is quite the opposite. Progress cannot be considered as sudden unexpected spurts of individual brains: such a genius, the inventor of everything, has never existed in the history of humanity. What did exist was a limitless procession of experiments made by men who did not waver when faced with defeat, but were inspired by the rare successes that have led to our modern comfortable reality. And that continue to do so with the same enthusiasm. The study of the History of Engineering is valuable for many reasons, not the least of which is the fact that it can help us to understand the genius of the scientists, engineers and craftsmen who existed centuries and millenniums before us; who solved problems using the devices of their era, making machinery and equipment whose concept is of such a surprising modernity that we must rethink our image of the past.

The International Conference on Mechanical Design and Production has been established since 1979 by the Department of Mechanical Design and Production at Cairo University.

The conference MDP-6 held in Cairo, 2-4 January 1996, represents the 6th in the series. Its aim was to highlight the current advances in mechanical design and production, and to disseminate the latest developments from academic and industrial institutions in all related scientific disciplines.

This publication includes a selection of papers submitted to the conference and reviewed by members of the scientific committee. The main areas of the papers include: materials processing and characterization constitutive modeling; simulation and analysis of manufacturing processes; numerical analysis of structures; fracture analysis; design and tribology; dynamics, control and robotics; and new trends in industrial and manufacturing engineering.

The aim of this book is to provide an account of the state of the art in Com putational Kinematics. We understand here under this term, that branch of kinematics research involving intensive computations not only of the numer ical type, but also of a symbolic nature. Research in kinematics over the last decade has been remarkably ori ented towards the computational aspects of kinematics problems. In fact, this work has been prompted by the need to answer fundamental question s such as the number of solutions, whether real or complex, that a given problem can admit. Problems of this kind occur frequently in the analysis and synthesis of kinematic chains, when finite displacements are considered. The associated models, that are derived from kinematic relations known as closure equations, lead to systems of nonlinear algebraic equations in the variables or parameters sought. What we mean by algebraic equations here is equations whereby the unknowns are numbers, as opposed to differen tial equations, where the unknowns are functions. The algebraic equations at hand can take on the form of multivariate polynomials or may involve trigonometric functions of unknown angles. Because of the nonlinear nature of the underlying kinematic models, purely numerical methods turn out to be too restrictive, for they involve iterative procedures whose convergence cannot, in general, be guaranteed. Additionally, when these methods converge, they do so to only isolated solu tions, and the question as to the number of solutions to expect still remains."

An understanding ofthe properties and the handling characteristics of liquids and gases has long been regarded as an essential requirement for most practising engineers. It is therefore not surprising that, over the years, there has been a regular appearance of books dealing with the fundamentals of fluid mechanics, fluid flow, hydraulics and related topics. What is surprising is that there has been no parallel development of the related discipline of Bulk Solids Handling, despite its increasing importance in modern industry across the world. It is only very recently that a structured approach to the teaching, and learning, of the subject has begun to evolve. A reason for the slow emergence of Bulk Solids Handling as an accepted topic of study in academic courses on mechanical, agricultural, chemical, mining and civil engineering is perhaps that the practice is so often taken for granted. Certainly the variety of materials being handled in bulk is almost endless, ranging in size from fine dust to rocks, in value from refuse to gold, and in temperature from deep-frozen peas to near-molten metal.

Develop original, clear interviewing skills with the hallmark microskills approach within INTENTIONAL INTERVIEWING AND COUNSELING: FACILITATING CLIENT DEVELOPMENT IN A MULTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 10E. This text provides the insights and tools you need to address individual and multicultural uniqueness. You learn to conduct interviews using six different theoretical approaches as you begin to develop a personalized style of interviewing and counseling that matches your aptitudes and affinities. This is the only text of its kind that demonstrates how to understand and use the latest neuroscience developments in counseling practice. Updates detail how counseling and psychotherapy change the brain and build new neural networks in both client and counselor. New content also emphasizes telehealth and trauma counseling and the effects of stress and the pandemic. Timely case studies, sample interviews and a "Portfolio of Competencies" help you master key skills and become a better listener.

A significant addition to the literature on gas turbine technology, the second edition of Gas Turbine Performance is a lengthy text covering product advances and technological developments. Including extensive figures, charts, tables and formulae, this book will interest everyone concerned with gas turbine technology, whether they are designers, marketing staff or users.

This report describes the work performed by Lockheed Palo Alto Research Labora tory, Palo Alto, California 94304. The work was sponsored by Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Bolling AFB, Washington, D. C. under Grant F49620-77-C-0l22 and by the Flight Dynamics Laboratory, Air Force Wright Aeronautical Laboratories, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio under Contract F3361S-76-C-31OS. The work was completed under Task 2307Nl, "Basic Research in Behavior of Metallic and Composite Components of Airframe Structures." The work was admini stered by Lt. Col. J. D. Morgan (AFOSR) and Dr. N. S. Khot (AFWAL/FIBRA). The contract work was performed between October 1977 and December 1980. The technical report was released by the Author in December 1981. Preface Many structures are assembled from parts which are thin. For example, a stiffened plate or cylindrical panel is composed of a sheet the thickness of which is small com pared to its length, breadth, and stiffener- spacing, and stiffeners the thickness of which is small compared to their _ heights and lengths. These assembled structures, loaded in compression, can buckle overall, that is sheet and stiffeners can collapse together in a general instability mode; the sheet can buckle locally between stiffeners; the stiffeners can cripple; and a variety of complex buckling interactions can occur involving local and overall deformations of both sheet and stiffeners. More complex, built-up structures can buckle in more complex and subtle ways."

This book provides a comprehensive treatment of the cavitation erosion phenomenon and state-of-the-art research in the field. It is divided into two parts. Part 1 consists of seven chapters, offering a wide range of computational and experimental approaches to cavitation erosion. It includes a general introduction to cavitation and cavitation erosion a detailed description of facilities and measurement techniques commonly used in cavitation erosion studies, an extensive presentation of various stages of cavitation damage (including incubation and mass loss) and insights into the contribution of computational methods to the analysis of both fluid and material behavior. The proposed approach is based on a detailed description of impact loads generated by collapsing cavitation bubbles and a physical analysis of the material response to these loads. Part 2 is devoted to a selection of nine papers presented at the International Workshop on Advanced Experimental and Numerical Techniques for Cavitation Erosion Prediction(Grenoble, France, 1-2 March 2011) representing the forefront of research on cavitation erosion. Innovative numerical and experimental investigations illustrate the most advanced breakthroughs in cavitation erosion research. "

Synergistic integration of smart materials, structures, sensors, actuators and control electronics has redefined the concept of"structures" from a conventional passive elastic system to an active controllable structronic (structure +electronic) system with inherent self-sensing, diagnosis, and control capabilities. Such structronic systems can be used as components of high performance systems or can be an integrated structure itself performing designated functions and tasks. Due to the multidisciplinary nature of structronic systems their development has attracted researchers and scientists from theoretical and applied mechanics and many other disciplines, such as structures, materials, control, electronics, computers, mathematics, manufacturing, electromechanics, etc., see Figure I. This field was first introduced about mid-80 and it is quickly becoming a new emerging field recognized as one ofthe key technologies of 51 the 21 century. This new field focuses on not only multi-field and multi-discipline integrations, but has also enormous practical applications impacting many industries and enriching human living qualities. Structures (Systemill, Monitoring. . . ) (Non-homogeneous & Incompatible Structures) Electromechanics I StrucTranics I (SmartStructures) ___. I Mechanics (Solid, (Intelligent Structural Systems) Fracture, Fatigue. . . ) DynamicslKinematics & Vibration Figure I Multi-disciplinary integration ofstructronic systems. To reflect the rapid development in smart structures and structronic systems, the objective of the IUTAM 2000 Symposium on Smart Structures and Structronic Systems, the first IUTAM symposium in this new emerging area, is to provide a forum to discuss recent research advances and future directions or trends in this field.

A spherical actuator is a novel electric device that can achieve 2/3-DOF rotational motions in a single joint with electric power input. It has advantages such as compact structure, low mass/moment of inertia, fast response and non-singularities within the workspace. It has promising applications in robotics, automobile, manufacturing, medicine and aerospace industry. This is the first monograph that introduces the research on spherical actuators systematically. It broadens the scope of actuators from conventional single-axis to multi-axis, which will help both beginners and researchers to enhance their knowledge on electromagnetic actuators. Generic analytic modeling methods for magnetic field and torque output are developed, which can be applied to the development of other electromagnetic actuators. A parametric design methodology that allows fast analysis and design of spherical actuators for various applications is proposed. A novel non-contact high-precision 3-DOF spherical motion sensing methodology is developed and evaluated with experiments, which shows that it can achieve one order of magnitude higher precision than conventional methods. The technologies of nondimensionalization and normalization are introduced into magnetic field analysis the first time, and a benchmark database is established for the reference of other researches on spherical actuators.

1. Enables first year mechanical engineering students to gain a core foundational knowledge in all key areas 2. Provides worked examples of exam-style questions 3. Includes chapters by leading experts experienced in teaching first year students in all disciplines of mechanical engineering 4. Gives a thorough grounding in the following core engineering topics: thermodynamics, fluid mechanics, solid mechanics, dynamics, electricals and electronics, and materials science

In-fl ight simulation experiments performed in 1967 with a variable-stabil ity aircraft during the author's stay at Princeton University, motivated the study of handl ing characteristics of future transport aircraft with closed-loop fl ight control systems. In 1972, the first experiment took place at the National Aerospace Laboratory NLR, using one of its research aircraft. In anticipation of expected developments in (digital) fl ight control technology, the research programme following the first experiments was aimed at the establ ishment of quantitative handl ing qual ities criteria. An appreciable part of that programme has been sponsored by the Netherlands Agency for Aerospace Programs (Nederlands Instituut voor VI iegtuigontwikkel ing en Ruimtevaart) and the Department of Civil Aviation of the Netherlands (Rijksluchtvaartdienst). In 1981, a thorough review of the extensive and valuable data gathered was started. The result, presented in this book, was also included in the author's thesis for a Ph.D. degree of the Delft University of Technology. To introduce the reader to the multi-discipl inary field of handl ing qual ities research, introductory chapters are presented on longitudinal aircraft dynamics, closed-loop fl ight control systems using non-mechanical signal transmission, human pilot dynamics, hand I ing qual ities assessment techniques, and the present status of handl ing qual ity criteria.

The scientific description of processes involved in the powerful release of energy from high explosive materials remains one of the most complex problems confronting modern science. In spite of fifty years of concentrated research built upon careful and precise experiments and the massive use of modern computers, the problem remains a major challenge. Anatoliy N. Dremin is recognized as perhaps the most innovative contributor to detonation science and this book provides unique insights into the physics, chemistry, and mechanics relevant to initiation and sustenance of detonation processes. The book presents theories, both conventional and unusual, for describing the processes as well as the experimental challenges to theory and modeling. An unusually valuable contribution to modern science, it will be required reading for any serious student of energetic materials and powerful, high-energy processes.

The papers collected in this volume address all aspects related to thermofluidynamic processses in Diesel engines, from basic studies aiming to obtain a better understanding of the physical processes underlying diesel engine operation, to the real day-to-day problems associated with engine development. The topics covered comprise: Air management, injection systems, spray development and air interaction, combustion and pollutant formation, emission control strategies, and new concepts.

This book is a collection of experimental studies demonstrating structure-function relationships in various biological systems having particular surface specialization to increase/decrease friction and adhesion. Studies on snake skin, adhesive pads, wing-interlocking devices and sticky mouthparts of insects as well as anti-adhesive and adhesive surfaces of plants are included in the volume containing four main subsections: (1) adhesion, (2) friction, (3) attachment-devices, (4) attachment-related behavior. Numerous experimental methods for characterizing tribological properties of biological surfaces at macro-, micro-, and nanoscale levels are demonstrated. This book is an excellent collection of publications on biotribology for both engineers and physicists working with biological systems as well as for biologists studying friction and adhesion. Inspirations from biology reported here may be also potentially interesting for biomimetics.

This book addresses the behavior of inorganic material in combustion systems. The past decade has seen unprecedented improvements in understanding the rates and mecha nisms of inorganic transformations and in developing analytical tools to predict them. These tools range from improved fuel analysis procedures to predictive computer codes. While this progress has been met with great enthusiasm within the research community, the practices of the industrial community remain largely unchanged. The papers in this book were selected from those presented at an Engineering Foundation Conference of the same title. All have been peer reviewed. The intent of the conference was to illustrate the application of advanced technology to ash-related problems in boilers and, by so doing, engage the research and industrial communities in more productive dialog. Those attending the conference generally felt that we were successful on these counts. We also engaged the industrial community to a greater extent than ever before in the conference discussion and presentation. We hope these proceedings will facilitate a continued and improved interaction between industrial and research communities. Behavior of inorganic material has long been recognized as one of the major considerations affecting the design and operation of boilers that burn ash-producing fuels. The practical problems associated with the behavior are sometimes catastrophic and spec tacular, ranging from major slag falls that damage the bottom of furnaces to complete plugging of convection passes."

Over the last forty years, plasma supported processes have attracted ever - creasing interest, and now, all modern semiconductor devices undergo at least one plasma-involved processing step, starting from surface cleaning via coating to etching. In total, the range of the treated substrates covers some orders of magnitude: Trenches and linewidths of commercially available devices have - ready passed the boundary of 100 nm, decorative surface treatment will happen 2 in the mm range, and the upper limit is reached with surface protecting layers of windows which are coated with ?/4 layers against IR radiation. The rapid development of the semiconductor industry is inconceivable wi- outthegiantprogressintheplasmatechnology.Moore'slawisnotcarvedinto 1 stone, and not only the ITRS map is subject to change every ?ve years but also new branches develop and others mingle together. Moreover, the quality of conventional materials can be improved by plasma treatment: Cottonbecomesmorecrease-resistant, leathermoredurable, andthe shrinking of wool ?bers during the washing process can be signi?cantly reduced. To cut a long story short: More than 150 years after the discovery of the sputtering e?ect by Grove, plasma-based processes are about to spread out into new ?elds of research and application 1]-no wonder that the market for etching machines kept growing by an annual rate of 17 % up to the burst of the internet bubble, and it took only some years of recovery to continue the voyage 2].

The book presents a complete new methodology for the on-board measurements and modeling of gas concentrations in turbocharged diesel engines. It provides the readers with a comprehensive review of the state-of-art in NOx and lambda estimation and describes new important achievements accomplished by the author. These include: the online characterization of lambda and NOx sensors; the development of control-oriented models of lambda and NOx emissions; the design of computationally efficient updating algorithms; and, finally, the application and evaluation of the methods on-board. Because of its technically oriented approach and innovative findings on both control-oriented algorithms and virtual sensing and observation, this book offers a practice-oriented guide for students, researchers and professionals working in the field of control and information engineering.

Two key words for mechanical engineering in the future are Micro and Intelligence. It is weIl known that the leadership in the intelligence technology is a marter of vital importance for the future status of industrial society, and thus national research projects for intelligent materials, structures and machines have started not only in advanced countries, but also in developing countries. Materials and structures which have self-sensing, diagnosis and actuating systems, are called intelligent or smart, and are of growing research interest in the world. In this situation, the IUT AM symposium on Dynamics 0/ Advanced Materials and Smart Structures was a timely one. Smart materials and structures are those equipped with sensors and actuators to achieve their designed performance in achanging environment. They have complex structural properties and mechanical responses. Many engineering problems, such as interface and edge phenomena, mechanical and electro-magnetic interaction/coupling and sensing, actuating and control techniques, arise in the development ofintelligent structures. Due to the multi-disciplinary nature ofthese problems, all ofthe classical sciences and technologies, such as applied mathematics, material science, solid and fluid mechanics, control techniques and others must be assembled and used to solve them. IUTAM weIl understands the importance ofthis emerging technology. An IUTAM symposium on Smart Structures and Structronic Systems (Chaired by U.