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Books > Social sciences > Psychology > Philosophy & theory of psychology
This book presents a series of case studies and reflections on the historiographical assumptions, methods, and approaches that shape the way in which philosophers construct their own past. The chapters in the volume advance discussion of the methods of historians of philosophy, while at the same time illustrating the various ways in which philosophical canons come into existence, debunking the myth of analytical philosophy's ahistoricism, and providing a deeper understanding of the roles historiographical devices play in philosophical thought. More importantly, the contributors attempt to understand history of philosophy in connection with other historical and historiographical approaches: contributors engage classical history of science, sociology of knowledge, history of psychology and historiography, in dialogue with historiographical practices in philosophy more narrowly construed. Additionally, select chapters adopt a more diverse perspective, by making place for non-Western approaches and for efforts to construe new philosophical narratives that do justice to the voice of women across the centuries. Historiography and the Formation of Philosophical Canons will be of interest to researchers and advanced students working in history of philosophy, meta-philosophy, philosophy of history, historiography, intellectual history, and sociology of knowledge.
In recent years, the relation between contemporary academic philosophy and evolutionary theory has become ever more active, multifaceted, and productive. The connection is a bustling two-way street. In one direction, philosophers of biology make significant contributions to theoretical discussions about the nature of evolution (such as "What is a species?"; "What is reproductive fitness?"; "Does selection operate primarily on genes?"; and "What is an evolutionary function?"). In the other direction, a broader group of philosophers appeal to Darwinian selection in an attempt to illuminate traditional philosophical puzzles (such as "How could a brain-state have representational content?"; "Are moral judgments justified?"; "Why do we enjoy fiction?"; and "Are humans invariably selfish?"). In grappling with these questions, this interdisciplinary collection includes cutting-edge examples from both directions of traffic. The thirty contributions, written exclusively for this volume, are divided into six sections: The Nature of Selection; Evolution and Information; Human Nature; Evolution and Mind; Evolution and Ethics; and Evolution, Aesthetics, and Art. Many of the contributing philosophers and psychologists are international leaders in their fields.
A collection of the articles written by the author throughout his
extensive career, this book achieves three goals. First, it
reprints selected research and theory papers on stress and coping
from the 1950s to the present produced by Lazarus under five
rubrics: his dissertation; perennial epistemological issues
including the revolt of the 1940s and 1950s; his transition from
laboratory to field research; the clinical applications of stress
and coping; and expanding stress to the emotions. Second, it
provides a running commentary on the origination of the issues
discussed, what was occurring in psychology when the work was done,
and where the work led in the present. Third, it integrates various
themes about which psychologists debate vociferously, often without
recognizing the intellectual bases of these differences.
Jean Piaget was one of the most salient and inspirational figures in psychological and educational research this century. He was prolific, authoring or editing over eighty books and numerous journal papers which have spawned a huge and fertile continuation of his research over the decades. A major component of any course on children's psychological development and a research tradition that is expanding, scholars need access to the original texts rather than relying on secondhand accounts. Jean Piaget: Selected Works is a chance to acquire key original texts, most of which have been previously unavailable for several years.
* Makes mental health case law accessible and usable to practicing forensic professionals * Provides a huge range of fascinating legal case studies offering real-world significance * Case studies summarise complex legal decisions through a neuropsychological sieve, to highlight the neuropsychological details. * Allows both legal and psychological communities to better understand each other's professions * Includes a glossary of clear definitions of both legal and mental health terms.
This scholarly yet highly readable and practical text
systematically covers the importance, development, assessment, and
treatment of social skills of children and adolescents. Combining
scientific rigor with a highly approachable and readable style of
writing to create a practical and unique book, this volume provides
a comprehensive overview of the increasingly important topic of
child and adolescent social skills. A wide variety of tables,
figures, and practical step-by-step guides enhance the material
presented, making it particularly useful for practitioners while
offering an extensive array of recent research and models of
interest to researchers. The authors present a solid foundation of
scientific knowledge written in a manner accessible to
nonscientists and having ample practical implications and examples
for educational and clinical practice. The book is divided into two
parts--the first features a foundation for conceptualizing and
assessing child and adolescent social skills, whereas the second
focuses on the arena of intervention. An up-to-date and unique
addition to the literature, this volume will be of interest to
professionals who work with or study children across several
disciplines including school and clinical child psychology, special
education, counseling, and social work.
The first book to provide an accessible introduction to neuropsychoanalysis. Covers the theoretical foundations and history of the field, along with an overview of current models relevant to psychoanalysis. It presents the state-of-the-art in neuropsychoanalytic research and theory as well as suggestions for future research and clinical-therapeutic implications.
A year before his death, B.F. Skinner wrote that "There are two
unavoidable gaps in any behavioral account: one between the
stimulating action of the environment and the response of the
organism and one between consequences and the resulting change in
behavior. Only brain science can fill those gaps. In doing so, it
completes the account; it does not give a different account of the
same thing." This declaration ended the epoch of radical
behaviorism to the extent that it was based on the doctrine of the
"empty organism," the doctrine that a behavioral science must be
constructed purely on its own level of investigation. However,
Skinner was not completely correct in his assessment. Brain science
on its own can no more fill the gaps than can single level
behavioral science. It is the relation between data and
formulations developed in the brain and the behavioral sciences
that is needed.
This book is the result of a spirited debate stimulated by a recent meeting of the Society of Multivariate Experimental Psychology. Although the viewpoints span a range of perspectives, the overriding theme that emerges states that significance testing may still be useful if supplemented with some or all of the following -- Bayesian logic, caution, confidence intervals, effect sizes and power, other goodness of approximation measures, replication and meta-analysis, sound reasoning, and theory appraisal and corroboration. The book is organized into five general areas. The first presents an overview of significance testing issues that sythesizes the highlights of the remainder of the book. The next discusses the debate in which significance testing should be rejected or retained. The third outlines various methods that may supplement current significance testing procedures. The fourth discusses Bayesian approaches and methods and the use of confidence intervals versus significance tests. The last presents the philosophy of science perspectives. Rather than providing definitive prescriptions, the chapters are largely suggestive of general issues, concerns, and application guidelines. The editors allow readers to choose the best way to conduct hypothesis testing in their respective fields. For anyone doing research in the social sciences, this book is bound to become "must" reading.
Motivation and Culture brings together an international list of writers with a variety of academic backgrounds and cultural experiences to explore the ways culture influences motivation. Traditionally, culture has long been neglected by those interested in motivation theories; instead, the focus has been on the individual in relation to biological and cognitive models. While the biological component of motivation is not neglected in this volume, most of the essays emphasize the ways culture needs to be taken into consideration both in formulating theories of motivation and applying them to the modern multicultural world.
As we begin a new century, the astonishing spread of nationally and
internationally accessible computer-based communication networks
has touched the imagination of people everywhere. Suddenly, the
Internet is in everyday parlance, featured in talk shows, in
special business "technology" sections of major newspapers, and on
the covers of national magazines. If the Internet is a new world of
social behavior it is also a new world for those who study social
behavior. This volume is a compendium of essays and research
reports representing how researchers are thinking about the social
processes of electronic communication and its effects in society.
Taken together, the chapters comprise a first gathering of social
psychological research on electronic communication and the
Internet.
Managed care is a revolution impacting the practice of clinicians throughout America. The Clinician's Guide to Managed Behavioral Care, called "a survival kit" and "must reading," helps clinicians develop and market professional services attuned to the needs of managed care systems, manage the utilization process, and reshape an office practice or hospital-based program to become more "managed care friendly." It is newly referenced and updated for clinicians to continue to advocate for their patients and clients.The Clinician's Guide to Managed Behavioral Care addresses how clinicians can develop and market professional services attuned to the needs of managed care systems, how to best manage the utilization review process, how to re-shape an office practice or hospital-based program to become more "managed care friendly," and how to best advocate for patients and clients. Readers will understand the history and evolution of attempts to manage mental health care costs and services as well as the emerging clinical, economic, and social trends that will continue to fuel changes in the mental health field in coming years. Importantly, this guide sensitizes readers to the perspectives about mental health care benefits and the treatment field held by the payor community--insurance carriers, HMO's, and self-insured employers. It allows readers to consider a payor's view of how professionals can play a crucial role in providing quality services while helping control spiraling mental health care costs--costs that have escalated much faster than other segments of health care.Who can benefit from this book? Practicing psychologists, social workers, psychiatrists, substance abuse counselors, marriage and family therapists, Employee Assistance Professionals, psychiatric nurses, professional counselors, program managers, hospital administrators, and health care marketing professionals will find The Clinician's Guide to Managed Behavioral Care and invaluable resource.It is often said that in the future, all in the treatment community will be involved in "managing care" and that the most successful clinicians and practices will be those most adept at working with managed care systems on behalf of their patients and clients. This book helps you understand how!Important topics in The Clinician's Guide to Managed Behavioral Care: the changing marketplace for mental health/substance abuse treatment services assessing market opportunities in light of managed care influences clinical service needs of managed care systems clinical innovations: examples, case studies, vignettes strategies for managing utilization review marketing strategies for office-based practitioners hospital-managed care partnerships contemporary office management strategies to control costs consumers and managed care directory of America's HMOs directory of America's Managed Mental Health Care Companies glossary of key terms
In this seminal work on the clinical, archetypal and spiritual dimension of trauma, the author offers a compelling vision of the transformative potential of suffering and the dialectic of Dying and Becoming. Wirtz outlines a healing path from fragmentation to integration and illuminates the resilience of the human spirit in the face of severe trauma. Trauma and Beyond will be essential reading and a valuable resource for counsellors, therapists and Jungian analysts who are challenged in their practice with individual and collective traumata.
* Makes mental health case law accessible and usable to practicing forensic professionals * Provides a huge range of fascinating legal case studies offering real-world significance * Case studies summarise complex legal decisions through a neuropsychological sieve, to highlight the neuropsychological details. * Allows both legal and psychological communities to better understand each other's professions * Includes a glossary of clear definitions of both legal and mental health terms.
This book presents a collection of essays honoring Professor Harry Heft, a leading figure in the field of ecological psychology, engaging critically with his work, thought and influence. Containing 12 chapters written by leading experts from philosophy and psychology, this text critically examines, questions, and expands on crucial ideas from Heft concerning the nature of cognition, its relationship to the body and the environment (including the social and cultural environment), and the main philosophical assumptions underlying the scientific study of psychological functions. It elaborates on the notion of affordance, and its connection to social, cultural and developmental psychology, as well as on the application of Roger Barker's eco-behavioral program for current psychology and cognitive science. The book includes an extensive interview with Heft, where he reflects about the history, challenges and future of ecological psychology. Finally, it presents a chapter written by Heft, that offers a systematic response to the critical feedback. Given the increasing popularity of ecological psychology and the highly influential work of Harry Heft in related areas such as developmental, social and cultural psychology, and philosophy, this book will appeal to all those interested in the cognitive sciences from a scientific and philosophical perspective. It is also a must read for students of psychology, philosophy, and cognitive science departments.
This handbook provides a comprehensive overview of the theories of cognition and language processing relevant to the field of communication disorders. Thoroughly updated in its second edition, the book explores a range of topics and issues that illustrate the relevance of a dynamic interaction between both theoretical and applied clinical work. Beginning with the origins of language evolution, the authors explore a range of both developmental and acquired communication disorders, reflecting the variety and complexity of psycholinguistics and its role in extending our knowledge of communication disorders. The first part outlines some of the major theoretical approaches from psycholinguistics and cognitive neuroscience that have been influential in research focusing on clinical populations, while Part 2 features examples from researchers who have applied this body of knowledge to developmental disorders of communication. Part 3 features examples focusing on acquired language disorders, and finally, Part 4 considers psycholinguistic approaches to gesture, sign language, and alternative and augmentative communication (AAC). The new edition features new chapters offering fresh perspectives, further reading recommendations and a new epilogue from Jackie Guendouzi. This valuable text serves as a single interdisciplinary resource for graduate and upper-level undergraduate students in cognitive neurosciences, psychology, communication sciences and disorders, as well as researchers new to the field of communication disorders or to psycholinguistic theory.
Drawing on experiences of ESOL teachers from around the world, this book provides insights into how peer learning is understood and used in real language classrooms. Based on survey responses, interviews, and observations in a wide range of classroom settings, this book integrates research on peer interaction in second language learning from cognitive and social frameworks with original data on teacher beliefs and practices around the use of peer learning in their teaching. Readers will gain understanding, through teacher's own words, of how peer interaction is used to teach linguistic form, how learners collaborate to develop oral and written communication skills, and how technology is used with peer learning. This book also delineates the ways that current second language peer interaction research diverges from classroom practice, concluding with a classroom-centred research agenda that addresses the nexus of research and practice on second language peer interaction. The book provides a template for integrating research-based and practice-based perspectives on second language learning. Language teachers, teacher educators, second language researchers, and advanced students of applied linguistics, SLA, TESOL, and language pedagogy will benefit from this volume's perspective and unique work.
Evolving from the concept of coach education, which is generally accepted to be the more formal, didactic mode of transmitting information to coaches and prospective coaches, Coach development is a relatively new field of research and practice. Developing Sport Coaches is a new text that supports the holistic long-term development of sport coaches as well as help aid existing sport coaches to understand their development. Research in coach learning and coach education has raised important questions about the effectiveness, relevance and value placed on traditional coach education by sport coaches in relation to their practice. The dissatisfaction expressed by many coaches, at all stages of coaching practice, has led to the inception of coach development. This text enables coach development to be studied in Higher Education Institutions as well as enabling organisations to embed coach developers within their organisations Written for the sport coaching and expanding coach development market this book will be used by HE institutions students, as both a core and additional text to advance research and knowledge in this area and at the same time, it is also useful reading for practising sport coaches, coach developers and organisations who are currently examining their structures and processes to move their coaching provision from a formal coach education delivery to a more bespoke offering.
Viewing Art with Babies demonstrates how to facilitate quality art viewing experiences with babies from as young as two months old. Such experiences can help to nurture early literacy and receptive language skills, sensory stimulation, and early brain development. Based on the author's research with babies in New Zealand, Australia, Romania, England, and the U.S., the book provides the reader with information about early brain, vision, sensory and language development, as well as the aesthetic preferences of babies. Danko-McGhee provides details about the type of art that babies like, how to display art in the learning environment, and how to interact with a baby when viewing art. Case studies of international museums, national museums and community agencies that have had success with engaging babies in art viewing experiences will be included in the book as a way to demonstrate how theory and research can be successfully put into practice. Viewing Art with Babies details practical ways that museum practitioners, early childhood and community educators and parents can provide art-viewing experiences in the museum, early childhood classroom or even their own home. It will be of interest to practitioners and parents around the world, as well as those engaged in the study of museum education.
This new, and heavily revised, edition of Psychopharmacology, provides a comprehensive scientific study of the effects of drugs on the mind and behaviour. With the growing prevalence of psychiatric and behavioral disorders and the rapid advances in the development of new drug therapies, this textbook offers an essential understanding of the necessary details of drug action. The book presents its coverage in the context of the behavioral disorders they are designed to treat, rather than by traditional drug classifications, to strengthen understanding of the underlying physiology and neurochemistry, as well as the approaches to treatment. Each disorder from the major diagnostic categories is discussed from a historical context along with diagnostic criteria and descriptions of typical cases. In addition, what we presently know about the underlying pathology of each disorder is carefully described. Providing a solid foundation in psychology, neuroanatomy and physiology, the book also offers a critical examination of drug claims, as well as coverage of evidence-based alternatives to traditional drug therapies. Throughout, this text discusses how drug effectiveness is measured in both human and animal studies. Topics new to this edition include: a stronger emphasis on the environmental impacts on drug effectiveness; more on the mechanisms of adverse reactions to drugs and information on managing drug side effects; the risks and benefits of using "mood stabilizing drugs" to address behavior in youth with ADHD or ASD; and discussion of the research-to-practice gap in pharmacological care for children and adolescents. Accompanied by a robust companion website of instructor materials, this textbook is ideal for undergraduate and pre-professional students on courses in Psychopharmacology, Clinical Psychopharmacology, Drugs and Behavior. It is a valuable contribution to highlight the symbiotic relationship between psychopharmacology and the neural and behavioral sciences.
Childhood, Identity and Masculinity: The Boarding School Boys examines the lives of ten Iranian men who were sent to boarding schools in England during the 1960s and 1970s. Their stories, situated at the intersection of Eastern and Western cultural values, signify their passage to manhood, and highlight the meaning of masculinity then and now. The reflective narratives explore issues of physical and emotional abuse received from administrators and peers, as well as the "man up" motto that pressured them to persevere in the spirit of meeting expectations and becoming a man. Narrated within the context of the traditional role of men in both Iranian and British societies, the book highlights key themes of trauma, survival and resistance, power and privilege, and their impact on the men over their lifespan. The volume offers rich insight into understanding the developmental challenges that adolescent boys face as they attempt to deal with the trauma of separation from their parents, while conforming to strict rules and regulations of boarding school education, and societal expectations of them. The volume will be of interest to scholars of developmental psychology, childhood trauma, education, cultural psychology, men’s studies, and gender. Individuals and parents interested in, and considering boarding school education will also find the narratives informative and educational.
Recently, there has been a renewal of interest in the broad and
loosely bounded range of phenomena called deception and
self-deception. This volume addresses this interest shared by
philosophers, social and clinical psychologists, and more recently,
neuroscientists and cognitive scientists. Expert contributors
provide timely, reliable, and insightful coverage of the normal
range of errors in perception, memory, and behavior. They place
these phenomena on a continuum with various syndromes and
neuropsychiatric diseases where falsehood in perception,
self-perception, cognition, and behaviors are a peculiar sign.
Leading authorities examine the various forms of "mythomania,"
deception, and self-deception ranging from the mundane to the
bizarre such as imposture, confabulations, minimization of
symptomatology, denial, and anosognosia. Although the many diverse
phenomena discussed here share a family resemblance, they are
unlikely to have a common neurological machinery. In order to reach
an explanation for these phenomena, a reliable pattern of lawful
behavior must be delineated. It would then be possible to develop
reasonable explanations based upon the underlying neurobiological
processes that give rise to deficiencies designated as the
mythomanias. The chapters herein begin to provide an outline of
such a development. Taken as a whole, the collection is consistent
with the emerging gospel indicating that neither the machinery of
"nature" nor the forces of "nurture" taken alone are capable of
explaining what makes cognition and behaviors aberrant.
One of the most profound insights of the dynamic systems
perspective is that new structures resulting from the developmental
process do not need to be planned in advance, nor is it necessary
to have these structures represented in genetic or neurological
templates prior to their emergence. Rather, new structures can
emerge as components of the individual and the environment
self-organize; that is, as they mutually constrain each other's
actions, new patterns and structures may arise. This theoretical
possibility brings into developmental theory the important concept
of indeterminism--the possibility that developmental outcomes may
not be predictable in any simple linear causal way from their
antecedents. |
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