This book focuses on the systematic modeling of complex situations characterized by escalating disruptions, and on cycles of dynamic collaboration for the best handling of disruptions. What can we do about disruptive events and their cascading effects? Thanks to the evolution of intelligent technologies for interaction, communication, sharing, and collaboration, cyberspace is a rapidly expanding world. Our systems of machines, software services, and human organizations have become increasingly interdependent, in other words - networked. As a result, disruptions that initially affect only a small part of any network tend to escalate. At the same time, cyber solutions can support first responders and emergency handlers, enhancing their responsiveness and ability to collaborate with one another in controlling disruptions and preventing their escalation. In this book, we are chiefly interested in how effectively these collaborations can be supported and how we can further optimize such support. Solution guidelines for optimizing collaborations are illustrated with examples in various application domains: agricultural robotics, civil cyber-physical infrastructure, visual analytics, manufacturing automation, and supply chains. Open-source simulation tools are also provided to supplement the main content.

In the era of cyber-physical systems, the area of control of complex systems has grown to be one of the hardest in terms of algorithmic design techniques and analytical tools. The 23 chapters, written by international specialists in the field, cover a variety of interests within the broader field of learning, adaptation, optimization and networked control. The editors have grouped these into the following 5 sections: "Introduction and Background on Control Theory", "Adaptive Control and Neuroscience", "Adaptive Learning Algorithms", "Cyber-Physical Systems and Cooperative Control", "Applications". The diversity of the research presented gives the reader a unique opportunity to explore a comprehensive overview of a field of great interest to control and system theorists. This book is intended for researchers and control engineers in machine learning, adaptive control, optimization and automatic control systems, including Electrical Engineers, Computer Science Engineers, Mechanical Engineers, Aerospace/Automotive Engineers, and Industrial Engineers. It could be used as a text or reference for advanced courses in complex control systems. * Collection of chapters from several well-known professors and researchers that will showcase their recent work * Presents different state-of-the-art control approaches and theory for complex systems * Gives algorithms that take into consideration the presence of modelling uncertainties, the unavailability of the model, the possibility of cooperative/non-cooperative goals and malicious attacks compromising the security of networked teams * Real system examples and figures throughout, make ideas concrete

This book presents the proceedings of the International Virtual Conference on Industry 4.0 (IVCI4.0 2020). This conference brings together specialists from the academia and industry sectors to promote the exchange of knowledge, ideas, and information on the latest developments and applied technologies in the field of Industry 4.0. The book discusses a wide range of topics such as the design of smart and intelligent products, developments in recent technologies, rapid prototyping and reverse engineering, multistage manufacturing processes, manufacturing automation in the Industry 4.0 model, cloud-based products, and cyber-physical and reconfigurable systems, etc. The volume supports the transfer of vital knowledge to the next generation of academics and practitioners.

This book is the fifth volume in the successful book series Robot Operating System: The Complete Reference. The objective of the book is to provide the reader with comprehensive coverage on the Robot Operating System (ROS), which is currently considered to be the primary development framework for robotics applications, and the latest trends and contributing systems. The content is divided into six parts. Pat I presents for the first time the emerging ROS 2.0 framework, while Part II focuses on multi-robot systems, namely on SLAM and Swarm coordination. Part III provides two chapters on autonomous systems, namely self-driving cars and unmanned aerial systems. In turn, Part IV addresses the contributions of simulation frameworks for ROS. In Part V, two chapters explore robotic manipulators and legged robots. Finally, Part VI presents emerging topics in monocular SLAM and a chapter on fault tolerance systems for ROS. Given its scope, the book will offer a valuable companion for ROS users and developers, helping them deepen their knowledge of ROS capabilities and features.

This book gathers the peer-reviewed proceedings of the 12th Annual Meeting of the Bulgarian Section of the Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics, BGSIAM'17, held in Sofia, Bulgaria, in December 2017. The general theme of BGSIAM'17 was industrial and applied mathematics, with a particular focus on: high-performance computing, numerical methods and algorithms, analysis of partial differential equations and their applications, mathematical biology, control and uncertain systems, stochastic models, molecular dynamics, neural networks, genetic algorithms, metaheuristics for optimization problems, generalized nets, and Big Data.

Interest in the area of control of systems defined by partial differential Equations has increased strongly in recent years. A major reason has been the requirement of these systems for sensible continuum mechanical modelling and optimization or control techniques which account for typical physical phenomena. Particular examples of problems on which substantial progress has been made are the control and stabilization of mechatronic structures, the control of growth of thin films and crystals, the control of Laser and semi-conductor devices, and shape optimization problems for turbomachine blades, shells, smart materials and microdiffractive optics. This volume contains original articles by world reknowned experts in the fields of optimal control of partial differential equations, shape optimization, numerical methods for partial differential equations and fluid dynamics, all of whom have contributed to the analysis and solution of many of the problems discussed. The collection provides a state-of-the-art overview of the most challenging and exciting recent developments in the field. It is geared towards postgraduate students and researchers dealing with the theoretical and practical aspects of a wide variety of high technology problems in applied mathematics, fluid control, optimal design, and computer modelling.

This book provides methodologies for designing and implementing guidance algorithms for autonomous vehicles. These algorithms make important decision regarding how to steer and drive a ground vehicle in order to safely stay on an intended path, thereby making the vehicle driverless. The design tools provided in this book enable the reader to develop highly practical and real-world implementable guidance algorithms that will deliver high-accuracy driving for field vehicles. (They are equally applicable for on-road vehicles.) The book covers a variety of vehicle types, including wheeled vehicles, tracked vehicles, wheeled and tracked vehicles towing trailers, and four-wheel-steer and four-wheel-drive vehicles. It also covers active trailers that are driven and steered. Vehicles used in agriculture, mining and road construction are subjected to unpredictable and significant disturbances. The robust control methodologies presented can successfully compensate for these disturbances, as confirmed by the experimental results presented. Though the majority of the methodologies presented are based on sliding-mode controllers, other robust control methodologies are also discussed. To help the reader decide which controller is best suited for his/her choice of vehicle, experimental results are presented in a comparative format.

This book reports on the formulation of a multi-stage optimization framework for the Danish power system, taking into account the real operational cost, the voltage constraints and the uncertainty associated to the forecasting errors of the wind power. It describes in detail the implementation of this framework into a simulation platform and its validation in real-world applications. The book especially focuses on automatic voltage control systems and on methods to handle uncertainty in them. All in all, it provides readers with a comprehensive overview of power system optimization and future trends in power system operation.

This monograph presents new algorithms for formation control of multi-agent systems (MAS) based on principles of continuum mechanics. Beginning with an overview of traditional methods, the author then introduces an innovative new approach whereby agents of an MAS are considered as particles in a continuum evolving in n whose desired configuration is required to satisfy an admissible deformation function. The necessary theory and its validation on a mobile-agent-based swarm test bed are considered for two primary tasks: homogeneous transformation of the MAS and deployment of a random distribution of agents on a desired configuration. The framework for this model is based on homogeneous transformations for the evolution of an MAS under no inter-agent communication, local inter-agent communication, and intelligent perception by agents. Different communication protocols for MAS evolution, the robustness of tracking of a desired motion by an MAS evolving in n, and the effect of communication delays in an MAS evolving under consensus algorithms or homogeneous maps are also explored. Featuring appendices which introduce the requisite concepts from continuum kinematics and graph theory, this monograph will provide advanced graduate students and researchers with the necessary background to understand and apply the methods presented.

China Satellite Navigation Conference (CSNC 2021) Proceedings presents selected research papers from CSNC 2021 held during 22nd-25th May, 2021 in Nanchang, China. These papers discuss the technologies and applications of the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), and the latest progress made in the China BeiDou System (BDS) especially. They are divided into 10 topics to match the corresponding sessions in CSNC2021 which broadly covered key topics in GNSS. Readers can learn about the BDS and keep abreast of the latest advances in GNSS techniques and applications.

In two parts, this book describes the evolution of mercury cadmium telluride (HgCdTe) imager structures based upon published patents and patent applications. The first part covers monolithic arrays, and the second part describes hybrid arrays. Each part has 5 chapters, with each document placed in chronological order, with the documents with the earliest priority placed first. Focus has been directed at the steps of manufacturing and structures of imagers.

There is an index at the end of the book containing the patent number, the name of the applicant and the date of publication of each cited document.

This monograph will serve as a useful summary of the patents and patent applications in the field of mercury cadmium telluride imagers.

This book describes load modeling approaches for complex work pieces and batch forgings, and demonstrates analytical modeling and data-driven modeling approaches for known and unknown complex forging processes. It overcomes the current shortcomings of modeling, analysis and control approaches, presenting contributions in three major areas: In the first, several novel modeling approaches are proposed: a process/shape-decomposition modeling method to help estimate the deformation force; an online probabilistic learning machine for the modeling of batch forging processes; and several data-driven identification and modeling approaches for unknown forging processes under different work conditions. The second area develops model-based dynamic analysis methods to derive the conditions of stability and creep. Lastly, several novel intelligent control methods are proposed for complex forging processes. One of the most serious problems in forging forming involves the inaccurate forging conditions, velocity and position offered by the hydraulic actuator due to the complexity of both the deformation process of the metal work piece and the motion process of the hydraulic actuator. The book summarizes the current weaknesses of modeling, analysis and control approaches. are summarized as follows: a) With the current modeling approaches it is difficult to model complex forging processes with unknown parameters, as they only model the dynamics in local working areas but do not effectively model unknown nonlinear systems across multiple working areas; further, they do not take the batch forging process into account, let alone its distribution modeling. b) All previous dynamic analysis studies simplify the forging system to having a single-frequency pressure fluctuation and neglect the influences of non-linear load force. Further, they fail to take the flow equation in both valves and cylinders into account. c) Conventional control approaches only consider the linear deformation force and pay no attention to sudden changes and the motion synchronization for the multi-cylinder system, making them less effective for complex, nonlinear time-varying forging processes subject to sudden changes.

This book offers a new perspective and deeper understanding of complex socioeconomic systems, and explores the laws and mechanisms of erring by revealing the system structure, i.e., the context in which errors are imbedded. It proposes a number of new concepts for the field of systems science concerning the forces affecting e.g. system structure, subsystem structures, and system elements. Given its scope, it offers an excellent reference book for researchers and other readers in the fields of systems science, management science, mathematics, fuzzy logic and sets, symbolic logic, philosophy, etc. The book can also benefit researchers and practitioners in artificial intelligence and machine learning, as various erring patterns can be identified by training intelligent machines with big data (i.e., error cases and their logic), helping to prevent or eliminate errors in a cost-effective manner.

This book provides a general and comprehensible overview of imbalanced learning. It contains a formal description of a problem, and focuses on its main features, and the most relevant proposed solutions. Additionally, it considers the different scenarios in Data Science for which the imbalanced classification can create a real challenge. This book stresses the gap with standard classification tasks by reviewing the case studies and ad-hoc performance metrics that are applied in this area. It also covers the different approaches that have been traditionally applied to address the binary skewed class distribution. Specifically, it reviews cost-sensitive learning, data-level preprocessing methods and algorithm-level solutions, taking also into account those ensemble-learning solutions that embed any of the former alternatives. Furthermore, it focuses on the extension of the problem for multi-class problems, where the former classical methods are no longer to be applied in a straightforward way. This book also focuses on the data intrinsic characteristics that are the main causes which, added to the uneven class distribution, truly hinders the performance of classification algorithms in this scenario. Then, some notes on data reduction are provided in order to understand the advantages related to the use of this type of approaches. Finally this book introduces some novel areas of study that are gathering a deeper attention on the imbalanced data issue. Specifically, it considers the classification of data streams, non-classical classification problems, and the scalability related to Big Data. Examples of software libraries and modules to address imbalanced classification are provided. This book is highly suitable for technical professionals, senior undergraduate and graduate students in the areas of data science, computer science and engineering. It will also be useful for scientists and researchers to gain insight on the current developments in this area of study, as well as future research directions.

The first three CEAS (Counsil of European Aerospace Societies) Specialist Conferences on Guidance, Navigation and Control (CEAS EuroGNC) were held in Munich, Germany in 2011, in Delft, Netherlands in 2013 and in Toulouse, France in 2017. The Warsaw University of Technology (WUT) and the Rzeszow University of Technology (RzUT) accepted the challenge of jointly organizing the 4th edition. The conference aims to promote scientific and technical excellence in the fields of Guidance, Navigation and Control (GNC) in aerospace and other fields of technology. The Conference joins together the industry with the academia research. This book covers four main topics: Guidance and Control, Control Theory Application, Navigation, UAV Control and Dynamic. The papers included focus on the most advanced and actual topics in guidance, navigation and control research areas: * Control theory, analysis, and design * ; Novel navigation, estimation, and tracking methods * Aircraft, spacecraft, missile and UAV guidance, navigation, and control * Flight testing and experimental results * Intelligent control in aerospace applications * Aerospace robotics and unmanned/autonomous systems * Sensor systems for guidance, navigation and control * Guidance, navigation, and control concepts in air traffic control systems For the 4th CEAS Specialist Conference on Guidance, Navigation and Control the International Technical Committee established a formal review process. Each paper was reviewed in compliance with good journal practices by independent and anonymous reviewers. At the end of the review process papers were selected for publication in this book.

INHALT LANG: Introduction: Introductory Survey; Vector Norm. Matrix Norm. Matrix Measure; Functional Analysis, Function Norms and Control Signals.- Differential Sensitivity. Small-Scale Perturbation: Kronecker Calculus in Control Theory; Analysis Using Matrices and Control Theory; Eigenvalue and Eigenvector Differential Sensitivity; Transition Matrix Differential Sensitivity; Characteristic Polynomial Differential Sensitivity; Optimal Control and Performance Sensitivity; Desensitizing Control.- Robustness in the Time Domain: General Stability Bounds in Perturbed Systems; Robust Dynamic Interval Systems; Lyapunov-Based Methods for Perturbed Continuous-Time Systems; Lyapunov-Based Methods for Perturbed Discrete-Time Systems; Robust Pole Assignment; Models for Optimal and Interconnected Systems; Robust State Feedback Using Ellipsoid Sets; Robustness of Observers and Kalman-Bucy Filters; Initial Condition Perturbation, Overshoot and Robustness; Lnp-Stability and Robust Nonlinear Control.- Robustness in the Frequency Domain: Uncertain Polynomials. Interval Polynomials; Eigenvalues and Singular Values of Complex Matrices; Resolvent Matrix and Stability Radius; Robustness Via Singular-Value Analysis; Generalized Nyquist Stability of Perturbed Systems; Block-Structured Uncertainty and Structured Singular Value; Performance Robustness; Robust Controllers Via Spectral Radius Technique.- Coprime Factorization and Minimax Frequency Optimization: Robustness Based on the Internal Model Principle; Parametrization and Factorization of Systems; Hardy Space Robust Design.- Robustness Via Approximative Models: Robust Hyperplane Design in Variable Structure Control; SIngular Perturbaitons. Unmodelled High-Frequendy Dynamics; Control Using Aggregation Models; Optimum Control of Approximate and Nonlinear Systems; System Analysis via Orthogonal Functions; System Analysis Via Pulse Functions and Piecewise Linear Functions; Orthogonal Decomposition Applications.

This book offers a timely and comprehensive snapshot of research and developments in the field of control engineering. Covering a wide range of theoretical and practical issues, the contributions describes a number of different control approaches, such adaptive control, fuzzy and neuro-fuzzy control, remote and robust control systems, real time an fault tolerant control, among others. Sensors and actuators, measurement systems, renewable energy systems, aerospace systems as well as industrial control and automation, are also comprehensively covered. Based on the proceedings of the 14th APCA International Conference on Automatic Control and Soft Computing, held on July 1-3, 2020, in Braganca, Portugal, the book offers a timely and thoroughly survey of the latest research in the field of control, and a source of inspiration for researchers and professionals worldwide.

This book provides a new approach to the control of food transformation processes, emphasizing the advantage of considering the system as a multivariable one, and taking a holistic approach to the decision-making process in the plant, considering not only the technical but also the economic implications of these decisions. In addition, it presents a hierarchical structure for the global control of the plant, and includes appropriate techniques for each of the control layers. The book addresses the challenges of modeling food transformation processes, using both traditional system-identification techniques and, where these prove impractical, models based on expert knowledge and using fuzzy systems. The construction of optimal controllers for each of these types of models is also discussed, as a means to close a feedback loop on the higher-level outputs of the process. Finally, the problem of production planning is covered from two standpoints: the traditional batch-sizing problem, and the planning of production throughout the season. Systematic season-wide production planning is built upon the models constructed for the control of the plant, and incorporates market- and business-specific information. Examples based on the processing of various foodstuffs help to illustrate the text throughout, while the book's closing chapter presents a case study on advances in the processing of olive oil. Given its scope, the book will primarily be of interest to two groups of readers: food engineering practitioners and students, who are familiar with the characteristics of food processes but have little or no background in control engineering; and control engineering researchers, students and practitioners, whose situation is just the opposite, and who wish to learn more about food engineering and its specific challenges for control. Advances in Industrial Control reports and encourages the transfer of technology in control engineering. The rapid development of control technology has an impact on all areas of the control discipline. The series offers an opportunity for researchers to present an extended exposition of new work in all aspects of industrial control.

This book contains a derivation of the subset of stabilizing controllers for analog and digital linear time-invariant multivariable feedback control systems that insure stable system errors and stable controller outputs for persistent deterministic reference inputs that are trackable and for persistent deterministic disturbance inputs that are rejectable. For this subset of stabilizing controllers, the Wiener-Hopf methodology is then employed to obtain the optimal controller for which a quadratic performance measure is minimized. This is done for the completely general standard configuration and methods that enable the trading off of optimality for an improved stability margin and/or reduced sensitivity to plant model uncertainty are described. New and novel results on the optimal design of decoupled (non-interacting) systems are also presented. The results are applied in two examples: the one- and three-degree-of-freedom configurations. These demonstrate that the standard configuration is one encompassing all possible feedback configurations. Each chapter is completed by a group of worked examples, which reveal additional insights and extensions of the theory presented in the chapter. Three of the examples illustrate the application of the theory to two physical cases: the depth and pitch control of a submarine and the control of a Rosenbrock process. In the latter case, designs with and without decoupling are compared. This book provides researchers and graduate students working in feedback control with a valuable reference for Wiener-Hopf theory of multivariable design. Basic knowledge of linear systems and matrix theory is required.

This book discusses recent advances in cyber-physical power systems (CPPS) in the modeling, analysis and applications of smart grid. It introduces a series of models, such as an analysis of interaction between the power grid and the communication network, differential protection in smart distribution systems, data flow for VLAN-based communication in substations, a co-simulation model for investigating the impacts of cyber-contingency and distributed control systems as well as the analytical techniques used in different parts of cyber physical energy systems. It also discusses methods of cyber-attack on power systems, particularly false data injection. The results presented are a comprehensive summary of the authors' original research conducted over a period of 5 years. The book is of interest to university researchers, R&D engineers and graduate students in power and energy systems.

This book addresses major challenges faced by farmers and the technological solutions based on Internet of Things (IoT). A major challenge in agriculture is cultivating and supplying high-quality produce at the best. Currently, around 50% of global farm produce never reaches the end consumer due to wastage and suboptimal prices. The book presents solutions that reduce the transport costs, improve the predictability of prices based on data analytics and the current market conditions, and reduce the number of middle steps and agents between the farmer and the end consumer. It discusses the design of an IoT-based monitoring system to analyze crop environments and a method to improve the efficiency of decision-making by analyzing harvest statistics. Further, it explores climate-smart methods, known as smart agriculture, that have been adopted by a number of Indian farmers.

This book examines some of the underlying processes behind different forms of information management, including how we store information in our brains, the impact of new technologies such as computers and robots on our efficiency in storing information, and how information is stored in families and in society. The editors brought together experts from a variety of disciplines. While it is generally agreed that information reduces uncertainties and that the ability to store it safely is of vital importance, these authors are open to different meanings of "information": computer science considers the bit as the information block; neuroscience emphasizes the importance of information as sensory inputs that are processed and transformed in the brain; theories in psychology focus more on individual learning and on the acquisition of knowledge; and finally sociology looks at how interpersonal processes within groups or society itself come to the fore. The book will be of value to researchers and students in the areas of information theory, artificial intelligence, and computational neuroscience.

The present book includes a set of selected extended papers from the 12th International Conference on Informatics in Control, Automation and Robotics (ICINCO 2015), held in Colmar, France, from 21 to 23 July 2015. The conference brought together researchers, engineers and practitioners interested in the application of informatics to Control, Automation and Robotics. Four simultaneous tracks will be held, covering Intelligent Control Systems, Optimization, Robotics, Automation, Signal Processing, Sensors, Systems Modelling and Control, and Industrial Engineering, Production and Management. Informatics applications are pervasive in many areas of Control, Automation and Robotics. ICINCO 2015 received 214 submissions, from 42 countries, in all continents. After a double blind paper review performed by the Program Committee, 14% were accepted as full papers and thus selected for oral presentation. Additional papers were accepted as short papers and posters. A further selection was made after the Conference, based also on the assessment of presentation quality and audience interest, so that this book includes the extended and revised versions of the very best papers of ICINCO 2015. Commitment to high quality standards is a major concern of ICINCO that will be maintained in the next editions, considering not only the stringent paper acceptance ratios but also the quality of the program committee, keynote lectures, participation level and logistics.