A comprehensive account of legal professional privilege as it applies to corporations covering four major common law jurisdictions: the UK, Australia, Canada and the United States. Higgins provides a practical set of principles to advise practitioners in the large number of areas where there is uncertainty in the law of privilege as it applies to corporate communications. This book will act as an invaluable guide to practitioners and judges trying to ascertain the often fine line between whether a corporate communication is privileged or not. In particular the book provides a concise overview of the law of privilege in the UK, Australia, Canada and the United States, and detailed consideration of: - The definition of the corporate client, which is still unresolved in England following the Court of Appeal's decision in Three Rivers No 5. - The legal advisers covered by the privilege in increasingly competitive legal services markets, including the position of in-house counsel, accountants and multi-disciplinary partnerships. - The key trends in the courts' application of the legal purpose test in connection with advice given by lawyers, and documents and communications made in anticipation of litigation. - The application of the privilege in 'intra-corporate' disputes between the company and shareholders, the company and its directors, as well as disputes between the company and third parties alleging a joint interest in the company's legal advice. - When corporate privilege is waived, including the emerging doctrine of limited waiver endorsed in some jurisdictions, the common-interest privilege exception to waiver, the extent of waiver over communications with experts when a party discloses an expert's report, and the rights of corporations to recover privilege material disclosed unintentionally. - The scope of the crime-fraud or iniquity exception and the procedures for claiming and challenging privilege. In examining these issue practitioners can compare and contrast the case law in their home jurisdictions with the approaches taken in other common law countries, which will be particularly helpful where there is limited domestic authority on point. Higgins addresses questions of principle and practice that are unique to, or commonly arise, in corporate contexts. In addition the book will provide lawyers and law makers with a critical examination of the rationale and scope of privilege, highlighting areas where a strong case can be made for more or less protection for corporate communications, or a redistribution of the benefits and burdens of privilege in intra-corporate disputes. The text is clearly laid out for quick access to information. It is an essential reference tool for practitioners in all fields of civil practice, and for students of Civil Procedure and Evidence.

The most complete, credible, and authentic business law text available, the Sixteenth Edition of SMITH & ROBERSON'S BUSINESS LAW by Richard A. Mann and Barry S. Roberts continues a long tradition of accuracy, thoroughness, and consistent coverage of the latest issues and emerging trends. This updated classic delivers a comprehensive, detailed presentation of business law that covers all topics included in the business law section of the certified public accountant (CPA) exam. In addition, this text covers the legal responsibilities and liabilities of accountants section and the corporate governance portion of business environment and concepts section of the CPA Exam. The cases--located at the end of each chapter--offer an excellent mix of landmark and current decisions and are edited to preserve a large portion of the language of the court. Proven, comprehensive, and completely up-to-date, this trusted and thorough text will challenge and engage your students--and ensure they leave your class with a solid understanding of modern business law.

This book provides a systematic analysis of the law of sale of goods with reference to UK and Commonwealth authorities and relevant UK and EU legislation. With particular clarity of expression the work covers fully content, interpretation, and performance issues relating to sale of goods agreements. Aspects of consumer law are dealt with where relevant as are issues such as recoverability of damages, currency and interest. Since the last edition there has been a substantial flow of new case law which include the following selected group: Yearworth (on body fluids); Gammasonics (software); VFS Financial Services and Welcome Financial Services (on Part III of the Hire Purchase Act); Great Elephant (on a seller's s 12 liability); Force India Formula One (s.12 and recovery of money on a failure of consideration); The Mercini Lady (on risk and durability); damages decisions in the wake of The Achilleas; Kulkarni and Wincanton (on the passing of property); Samarenko (on making time of the essence); Brewer (description); McDonald (on examination and satisfactory quality); Lowe (Part 5A of the Sale of Goods Act); case law under the Consumer Protection from Unfair Trading Regulations 2008. All of these, and others, are given full treatment in this new edition. There is also a full treatment of the 2008 regulations on cancellation of contracts. The second edition also includes extended analysis of proprietary rights in bulk goods, and of fitness and quality of goods in relation to compliance with public standards. The material on consumer protection measures has been expanded in relation to liabilities of the seller and third parties. Additional material also deals with changes to the Consumer Credit Act 1974, the definition of exclusion clauses, Part III of the Hire Purchase Act 1964, time of the essence, concurrent contractual duties and suspension, waiver and election, description and general contract law, and misrepresentation and insolvency. This book provides detailed and clear treatment of problem areas and offers new lines of argument and ideas to those interpreting the law and presenting a case. This is a leading work of scholarship and an invaluable reference for all lawyers and scholars working in the field.

From the time it was first published in 1998, Shipping and the Environment has been the leading text on international and US law and practice in this field. Written by renowned legal and insurance practitioners with over 100 years of combined specialist experience, including first-hand knowledge of many major incidents, it is not only a comprehensive reference work but an abundant source of introductory material and practical insights, all explained with a clarity appreciated by lawyers and non-lawyers alike in a broad international readership. While updating its core subjects of pollution from ships, wreck removal and dumping at sea, this enlarged text extends into other modern areas including pollution from offshore operations after Deepwater Horizon, plastics released into the sea, recycling of vessels, polar operations, and the fast-changing restrictions on carbon emissions from ships, as well as safety threats such as cyberattacks, terrorism and modern forms of piracy. With a highly readable introductory chapter amounting to a book within a book, this is a volume of great importance to all whose work or studies are concerned with marine environmental affairs, whether in government, international bodies, industry, technical organizations, the professions, environmental NGOs, the academic world or other walks of life.

Das Vertrauen in die Wirtschaftsprufungsbranche wurde durch Unternehmenskrisen erschuttert. Marina Muller entwickelt deshalb unter Bezugnahme auf Theorien der OEkonomie, der Psychologie und der Soziologie einen konzeptionellen Bezugsrahmen zur Beeinflussung der Vertrauensvergabe. Nach der Modellierung des Prozesses der Vertrauensvergabe mit seinen Bestimmungsfaktoren und Wirkungszusammenhangen arbeitet die Autorin heraus, durch welche Informationen - und somit durch welche Ausgestaltung der Transparenz - die Vertrauensvergabe in der Wirtschaftsprufungsbranche beeinflusst werden kann.Die Autorin Dr. Marina Muller ist im Fernstudienbereich Leiterin des Studiengangs Betriebswirtschaftslehre an der Hochschule Fresenius. Zudem ist sie Teil der Professional Practice Group einer Prufungs- und Beratungsgesellschaft. Sie wurde von Prof. Dr. Gerrit Broesel an der FernUniversitat in Hagen promoviert.

Taglich muss jeder von uns verhandeln. Dabei macht es einen Unterschied, ob Manner oder Frauen dies tun. So neigen Frauen dazu, sich mit schlechteren Ergebnissen zufrieden zu geben als Manner. Nach der Forschung lasst sich das mit dem gesellschaftlichen Rollenbild erklaren. Wenn Frauen in Konflikten "tough" auftreten, furchten sie, ihrem Rollenbild nicht zu entsprechen und negative Gegenreaktionen - zum Beispiel in Form von Sympathieverlust - hervorzurufen (so genannter Backlash-Effekt). Welchen Ausweg gibt es? Dieser Frage geht die genderspezifische Verhandlungsforschung nach. Die Forschungsergebnisse werden in dem vorliegenden essential so vorgestellt, dass sie von jeder Leserin in einer Verhandlungssituation genutzt werden koennen. Die Autorin Dr. Julia Sophia Habbe ist spezialisiert auf Konfliktloesung, Prozessfuhrung sowie interne Untersuchungen. Sie ist Partnerin einer internationalen Wirtschaftskanzlei in Frankfurt am Main und Lehrbeauftragte der Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universitat im Bereich genderspezifische Verhandlungsfuhrung.

This is an open access title available under the terms of a CC BY-NC-ND 3.0 International licence. It is free to read at Oxford Scholarship Online and offered as a free PDF download from OUP and selected open access locations. This book examines the law, national and/or international, that arbitral tribunals apply on the merits to settle disputes between foreign investors and host states. In light of the freedom that the disputing parties and the arbitrators have when designating the applicable law, and because of the hybrid nature of legal relationship between investors and states, there is significant interplay between the national and the international legal order in investor-state arbitration. The book contains a comprehensive analysis of the relevant jurisprudence, legal instruments, and scholarship surrounding arbitral practice with respect to the application of national law and international law. It investigates the awards in which tribunals referred to consistency between the legal orders, and suggests alternatives to the traditional doctrines of monism and dualism to explain the relationship between the national and the international legal order. The book also addresses the territorialized or internationalized nature of the tribunals; relevant choice-of-law rules and methodologies; and the scope of the arbitration agreement, including the possibility of host states presenting counterclaims in investment treaty arbitration. Ultimately, it argues that in investor-state arbitration, national and international law do not only coexist but may be applied simultaneously; they are also interdependent, each complementing and informing the other both indirectly and directly for a larger common good: enforcement of rights and obligations regardless of their national or international origin.

This book explores current developments in transnational commercial and consumer law. It features essays written by leading experts, many of who have taken part in the negotiation and formulation of the international instruments they discuss here. The contributors look at issues arising from the profound changes that globalization is having on the legal norms governing commercial and consumer transactions, both domestic and transnational. They consider how relations between private actors, state regulators, and national courts are being completely reconfigured. This, in turn, generates pressures for legal harmonization and creates opportunities for new national and transnational legal norms and procedures to develop. The contributions address both the dynamics and the substance of these developments. Topics included are the UNCITRAL Model Law on secured transactions and on cross-border insolvency, the ICC Uniform Customs and Practices of Documentary Credits (UCP 600), and the dispute resolution mechanism and practices of the World Trade Organization. The content was formerly presented as papers at the 18th Biennial Meeting of the International Academy of Commercial and Consumer Law (the International Academy) at Kyushu University, Japan. Overall, this book provides readers with a solid theoretical foundation and strong familiarity with the practice of law and international commerce, offering realistic and practical conclusions.

Dieses Lehrbuch versteht sich als eine anwendungsorientierte Einfuhrung in die Mikrooekonomie. Neben der klassischen Methodenvermittlung stehen vor allem die Anwendung dieser Methoden auf die Wirtschaftspolitik im Allgemeinen und die oekonomische Analyse des Rechts (insbesondere Patent-, Urheber-, Wettbewerbs- und Vertragsrecht) im Besonderen im Mittelpunkt.

This concise and accessible guide to reinsurance law is an easy-to-read specialist reference focusing solely on reinsurance. The second edition builds on the success of the first which filled a gap in the market for an easy to use and pithy explanation of the law in this field avoiding the need to recount the whole of general insurance law. With usability and practicality in mind a number of features have been further developed in this edition. The authors have provided more guidance on areas which are undecided by the courts such as Follow the Settlements, incorporation, non-disclosure, and misrepresentation. Areas of complexity such as the role of good faith in reinsurance contracts have also been given greater coverage in this second edition. Also new to this edition is a glossary of reinsurance terms which helps to make the volume even more accessible. This book is both practical and authoritative, and is successful in isolating the key issues in reinsurance law to provide an easy and reliable reference source. It is a must-have work for all reinsurance practitioners.

Fully revised and updated, Australian Commercial Law offers a comprehensive, accessible introduction to key aspects of Australian commercial law. Part 1 introduces the fundamentals of contract law and business structures before examining the sale of goods, agency, bailment and personal property. Part 2 covers the Australian Consumer Law, focusing on areas important to commercial entities that interact with consumers. Part 3 examines international commercial law, providing a detailed introduction to the World Trade Organization and to agreements central to trade between countries. The second edition includes: detailed discussion of key concepts in commercial law; four new chapters on contract law basics, business structures, bankruptcy and international commercial law; thorough integration of digital and e-commerce transactions; and end-of-chapter discussion questions designed to test reader knowledge of key points and themes. Written in a clear and concise style by an expert author team, Australian Commercial Law is an indispensable resource for students seeking a comprehensive understanding of commercial law.

This comprehensive book begins with a consideration of the nature of the general banker-customer relationship, the obligations it poses and the issues relating to the commencement of the banking relationship. It provides individuals and companies with valuable guidance when assessing the risks in their relationship with banks, and vice versa. The following chapters allow all parties to consider carefully the central issues and underlying general principles that might arise by addressing the various activities undertaken by a lender. The duty of confidentiality, lenders as fiduciaries, the lender's duty to advise borrowers on the imprudence of transactions as well as fraud, and banks as constructive trustees and damages for breach of contract by a lender are all considered. The final chapters explore the duties of security holders and mortgagees of land, the liability of lenders for receivers they appoint, environmental liability and lender liability as shadow directors concerning wrongful trading. The book outlines liability in negligence and contract, with specific reference to existing case law concerning banks in this field from an English law perspective, and also Scottish and Commonwealth law, thus providing valuable applicability to the banking context for practitioners in other fields.

Carina Klaus beleuchtet in ihrem Buch das anwaltliche Werberecht in seiner gesamten Breite. Dazu stellt die Autorin die Unterschiede zwischen wettbewerbsrechtlichen- und berufsrechtlichen Folgen unzulassiger anwaltlicher Werbung dar und beleuchtet die unions- und verfassungsrechtlichen Grenzen fur die Regulierung anwaltlicher Werbung. Kernstuck der Untersuchung ist die Verfassungs- und Unionsrechtskonformitat der Regulierung von Anwaltswerbung durch die Rechtsprechung. Der jetzige 43b BRAO wird als verfassungs- und unionsrechtswidrig identifiziert. Am Ende der Untersuchung wird anhand der gewonnenen Erkenntnisse ein eigenstandiger Regelungsvorschlag fur die anwaltlichen Werbevorschriften in der Bundesrechtsanwaltsordnung und der Berufsordnung der Rechtsanwalte entwickelt.

Part of the Oxford EU Financial Regulation Series, The EU Crowdfunding Regulation provides an in-depth and timely analysis of the EU Crowdfunding Regulation, which is intended to make it easier for crowdfunding platforms to operate throughout the EU, and which came into force on 10 November 2021. The book answers legal questions raised by the Regulation, and assesses its impact on legal practice, considering the position of the various types of crowdfunding. The analysis is divided into six parts. The first two parts describe how the Regulation came into being and the role of the Regulation in European capital markets, before defining and assessing the scope of the Regulation. Parts three to five explain how the Regulation applies to the three main players in crowdfunding: the crowdfunding service providers; the project owners; and the investors who form the 'crowd', examining the relevant applicable obligations and safeguards. The final part looks at managing, preventing, and resolving crowdfunding-related disputes. Providing a balance between academic scrutiny and practical context (including consideration of how the Regulation interacts with UK law after Brexit) and drawing upon various aspects of financial law, consumer law, and dispute prevention/resolution, this book is invaluable for legal practitioners and academics looking for a single resource to elucidate this rapidly expanding mode of financing.

Providing a scholarly analysis of how to govern and make the right kinds of laws for cyberspace, in this work, Professor Reed investigates the vast majority of cyberspace users who wish to act lawfully and asks whether the current state of law in cyberspace makes it possible for them to do so. If not, why not, and what is the cure?
In this book, Professor Reed puts forward a new model for cyberspace laws which focuses on human actions rather than the technology used. Arguing that, in cyberspace, law works primarily through voluntary obedience rather than fear of enforcement, Professor Reed explains his thoughtful and controversial new viewpoint as to how cyberspace laws should be devised and re-opens the debate as to the value of law for regulating cyberspace and how best to influence the behaviour of cyberspace actors. The only text to comprehensively analyse European cyberspace lawmaking, this book provides a new perspective to the debate about the proper shape and scope of internet laws.

The doctrines of waiver, variation and estoppel are relied upon to justify or criticize a party's changed position as to its contractual obligations. This book provides a complete practitioner guide to these complex but important doctrines, analysing their basic foundations and their relationship with other areas of law including contract, restitution, and equity. As well as clarifying and explaining these doctrines in relation to other areas it also considers their application in various aspects of commercial law. This new edition provides a thorough analysis of the increasing trend in commercial parties to insert "no waiver" clauses into contracts and considers the behaviour adopted by the courts in relation to these and other matters. It also includes coverage of important cases such as the House of Lords decision in Yeoman v Cobbe, Dallah Real Estate v Pakistan Ministry of Religious Affairs and those such as the Scottish decision in City Inns which demonstrate an on-going confusion and uncertainty in the analysis and application of these doctrines.

Die Autorin untersucht die Erlasspraxis der deutschen Gerichte zu einstweiligen und endgultigen Unterlassungsverfugungen im Immaterialguterrecht, insbesondere im Patentrecht, Markenrecht, Urheberrecht, Gebrauchsmusterrecht und Geschmacksmusterrecht. Dabei zeigt sie die Unterschiede in der Rechtsprechung zwischen den einzelnen Schutzrechten auf, bewertet diese unter Berucksichtigung der Kriterien der oekonomischen Analyse des Rechts und legt dar, wie Unterlassungsverfugungen nach oekonomischen Gesichtspunkten optimal ausgestaltet sein sollten. Bei Untersuchung der endgultigen Unterlassungsverfugungen greift sie die Diskussion um die Berucksichtigung zusatzlicher Gesichtspunkte beim Verfugungserlass vor dem Hintergrund der aktuell verstarkt auftretenden Patent-Trolle auf. Der Fokus liegt dabei auf der Frage, ob Verhaltnismassigkeitsgesichtspunkte bei Erlass endgultiger Unterlassungsverfugungen berucksichtigt werden sollten.