This book presents the design of a robust, portable and low-cost PoC sensing system for the early detection of bone loss. The device can measure the level of CTx-I - one of the most sensitive biochemical markers of bone resorption - in serum and transmit the measured value to an IoT-based cloud server. The selectivity of the sensing system to CTx-I has been achieved by coating the sensor with artificial antibodies, prepared by means of molecular imprinting technology. Explaining all aspects of the system's development in detail, the book will be of great interest to all engineers, researchers and scientists whose work involves the development of electrochemical sensors and PoC devices.

A monograph examining recent progress in the field of inhomogeneous fluids, focusing on the theoretical - as well as experimental - techniques used. It presents the comprehensive theory of first-order phase transitions, including melting, and contains numerous figures, tables and display equations.;The contributors treat such subjects as: exact sum rules for inhomogenous fluids, explaining density functional and integral equation methods; exact solutions for two-dimensional homogeneous and inhomogeneous plasmas; current advances in the theory of interfacial electrochemistry; wetting experiments and the theory of wetting; freezing, with an emphasis on quantum systems and homogeneous nucleation in liquid-vapour and solid-liquid transitions; self-organizing liquids as well as kinetic phenomena in inhomogeneous fluids, using a modified Enskog theory.;Featuring over 1000 bibliographic citations, this volume is aimed at physical, surface, colloid and surfactant chemists; also physicists, electrochemists and graduate-level students in these disciplines.

This volume is part of a continuing series that provides authoritative reviews on recent developments and applications of well-established techniques in the field of electroanalytical chemistry. Each volume provides the necessary background and starting point for graduate students undertaking related research projects and is of special interest to practicing analytical chemists concerned with electroanalytical techniques. Volume 27 continues this tradition with innovative contributions from internationally respected scientists who highlight new technologies and trends in Protein Biosensing, Bipolar Electrochemistry, and X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy in Electrochemistry.

For more than three decades the Electroanalytical Chemistry series has delivered the most in-depth and critical research related to issues in electrochemistry. Volume 22 continues this gold-standard with practical reviews of recent applications as well as innovative contributions from internationally respected specialists highlighting the emergence of new technologies and trends in the field. Previous volumes in the series were "highly recommended" by the Journal of the American Chemical Society and considered "essential" by the Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry. This volume meets the standard with a collection of advances and studies of the highest caliber.

This is the first textbook in the field of electrochemistry that will teach experimental electrochemists how to carry out simulation of electrode processes. Processes at both macro- and micro-electrodes are examined and the simulation of both diffusion-only and diffusion-convection processes are addressed. The simulation of processes with coupled homogeneous kinetics and at microelectrode arrays are further discussed. Over the course of the book the reader's understanding is developed to the point where they will be able to undertake and solve research-level problems. The book leads the reader through from a basic understanding of the principles underlying electrochemical simulation to the development of computer programs which describe the complex processes found in voltammetry.This is the third book in the "Understanding Voltammetry" series, published with Imperial College Press and written by the Compton group. Other books in the series include "Understanding Voltammetry", written by Richard G Compton with Craig Banks and also "Understanding Voltammetry: Problems and Solutions" (2012) written by Richard G Compton with Christopher Batchelor-McAuley and Edmund Dickinson. These are and continue to be successful textbooks for graduates in electrochemistry and electroanalytical studies.

This book covers a wide range of advanced analytical tools, from electrochemical to in-situ/ex-situ material characterization techniques, as well as the modeling of corrosion systems to foster understanding and prediction. When used properly, these tools can enrich our understanding of material performance (metallic materials, coatings, inhibitors) in various environments/contexts (aqueous corrosion, high-temperature corrosion). The book encourages researchers to develop new corrosion-resistant materials and supports them in devising suitable asset integrity strategies. Offering a valuable resource for researchers, industry professionals, and graduate students alike, the book shows them how to apply these valuable analytical tools in their work.

This book compiles new findings from the work of internationally renowned experts in plant electrophysiology, biophysics, bioelectrochemistry, ion channels, membrane transport, imaging of water transport, photosynthesis, mechanosensors, osmotic motors, sensing and actuation in plants. First volume covers modern methods in plant electrophysiology and cell electrophysiology. Second volume deals with signal transduction and responses in plants.

Capillary electrochromatography (CEC) is a new and exciting hybrid separation technique that seeks to exploit the combined advantages of both capillary electrophoresis (high efficiencies) and HPLC (mobile and stationary phase selectivity). It is a technique with tremendous potential, especially in the pharmaceutical and biomedical fields. This is the first book to be devoted to the topic and presents reviews by the world leaders in the field on the theory and development of the technique and current and potential future applications. Capillary Electrochromatography provides an excellent introduction to the field for graduates and professionals in industry and academia with an interest in separation science.

Showing how to apply the theoretical knowledge in practice, the one and only compilation of electrochemical experiments on the market now in a new edition. Maintaining its didactic approach, this successful textbook provides clear and easy-to-follow instructions for carrying out the experiments, illustrating the most important principles and applications in modern electrochemistry, while pointing out the potential dangers and risks involved. This second edition contains approximately 25% new material and 20 new experiments, many of which cover electrochemical energy conversion and storage as well as electrochemical equilibrium. With a foreword by R. Daniel Little.

This volume contains ?ve chapters. The topics covered are the cathodic reduction of nitrate, for which the key issues are pr- uct selectivity and current ef?ciency; a discussion of ionic l- uids known as molten or fused salts in key industrial processes; the properties of nanowires made of metals and semiconductors by means of electrodeposition into porous templates and template synthesis; and an overview of a range of alloys used in elect- plating, and trends in ammonium electrolysis. Also, included is a review of the applications of synchroton x-ray scattering to the electrochemical interphase. Chapter 1 by Celia Milhano and Derek Pletcher reviews the cathodic reduction of nitrate as a "truly fascinating reaction" since processes for nitrate removal from drinking water and effluents and reducing nitrates in nuclear waste is an essential step in n- lear waste disposal. The authors also review electrochemical membrane technology not involving the cathodic reduction of - trate. In Chapter 2, the authors discuss substances called ionic l- uids, and the fact that this is really a new more modern term for molten or fused salts. However, the label of ionic liquids is usu- ly applied to the liquid state of salts at or near room temperature, which is a way to differentiate low-melting salts from higher me- ing cousins. These molten or fused salts form the basis of several key industrial processes, and this chapter is primarily devoted to the non-haloaluminate ionic liquids as reviewed by Tetsuya Tsuda and Charles L. Hussey.

Faraday Discussions No. 140 will bring surface scientists and electrochemists together and foster the development of both in situ spectroscopic methods in electrochemistry and the study of single crystal electrode surfaces.
Advances in theoretical methodology: to describe the state of the art and to address what is still missing.
Development of spectroscopic techniques: moving from studies of model surfaces to more realistic surfaces and in situ investigations.

Electrocatalyst discovery: what can be learned from high throughput screening methods and theoretical calculations?

Beyond fuel cells: the future of electrocatalysis.
This unique discussion meeting will bring electrochemists, surface scientists and theoreticians together and foster the development of both in situ spectroscopic methods in electrochemistry and theoretical methods which model the electrocatalytic interface.

The production of renewable electricity and the resulting surplus leads us to ask: how can the use of hydrogen improve the green energy portfolio? The 2nd Edition of Power-to-Gas covers the production of hydrogen via electrolysis, its storage or conversion in another form. It emphasises new technologies and global energy consumption, markets, and logistics. New data is added throughout the 2nd edition in the numerous case studies explored.

This book provides an overview of the current development status of remediation technologies involving electrochemical processes, which are used to clean up soils that are contaminated with different types of contaminants (organics, inorganics, metalloids and radioactive). Written by internationally recognized experts, it comprises 21 chapters describing the characteristics and theoretical foundations of various electrochemical applications of soil remediation. The book's opening section discusses the fundamental properties and characteristics of the soil, which are essential to understand the processes that can most effectively remove organic and inorganic compounds. This part also focuses on the primary processes that contribute to the application of electrochemically assisted remediation, hydrodynamic aspects and kinetics of contaminants in the soil. It also reviews the techniques that have been developed for the treatment of contaminated soils using electrochemistry, and discusses different strategies used to enhance performance, the type of electrode and electrolyte, and the most important operating conditions. In turn, the book's second part deals with practical applications of technologies related to the separation of pollutants from soil. Special emphasis is given to the characteristics of these technologies regarding transport of the contaminants and soil toxicity after treatment. The third part is dedicated to new technologies, including electrokinetic remediation and hybrid approaches, for the treatment of emerging contaminants by ex-situ and in-situ production of strong oxidant species used for soil remediation. It also discusses pre-pilot scale for soil treatment and the use of solar photovoltaic panels as an energy source for powering electrochemical systems, which can reduce both the investment and maintenance costs of electrochemically assisted processes.

This thesis addresses the introduction of redox mediator into lithium-oxygen batteries to improve their electrochemical performance especially in terms of practical energy density and round-trip efficiency. In chapter 1, basic electrochemistry regarding lithium-oxygen batteries and redox mediators are introduced. In chapter 2 to 4, comprehensive researches including the discovery of a new redox mediator inspired by biological system, the investigation on kinetic property of redox mediator, and the prevention of shuttle phenomenon are introduced, followed by chapter 5 summarizing the contents. This thesis is targeted to students and researchers interested in electrochemistry and energy storage systems.

This book summarizes the electrochemical routes of nanostructure preparation in a systematic and didactic manner. It provides a comprehensive overview of electrodeposition, anodization, carbon nanotube preparation and other methods of nanostructure fabrication, combining essential information on the physical background of electrochemistry with materials science aspects of the field. The book includes a brief introduction to general electrochemistry with an emphasis on physico-chemical aspects, followed by a description of the sample preparation methods. In each chapter, an overview of the particular method is accompanied by a discussion of the relevant physical or chemical properties of the materials, including magnetic, mechanical, optical, catalytic, sensoric and other features. While some preparation methods are discussed in connection with the theories of physical electrochemistry (e.g. electrodeposition), the book also covers methods that are more heuristic but nonetheless utilize electric current (e.g. anodization of porous alumina or synthesis of carbon nanotubes by means of electric arc discharge).

Ferroelectricity in Doped Hafnium Oxide: Materials, Properties and Devices covers all aspects relating to the structural and electrical properties of HfO2 and its implementation into semiconductor devices, including a comparison to standard ferroelectric materials. The ferroelectric and field-induced ferroelectric properties of HfO2-based films are considered promising for various applications, including non-volatile memories, negative capacitance field-effect-transistors, energy storage, harvesting, and solid-state cooling. Fundamentals of ferroelectric and piezoelectric properties, HfO2 processes, and the impact of dopants on ferroelectric properties are also extensively discussed in the book, along with phase transition, switching kinetics, epitaxial growth, thickness scaling, and more. Additional chapters consider the modeling of ferroelectric phase transformation, structural characterization, and the differences and similarities between HFO2 and standard ferroelectric materials. Finally, HfO2 based devices are summarized.

This book shows how nanofabrication techniques and nanomaterials can be used to customize packaging for nano devices with applications to electronics, photonics, biological and biomedical research and products. It covers topics such as bio sensing electronics, bio device packaging, MEMS for bio devices and much more, including: Offers a comprehensive overview of nano and bio packaging and their materials based on their chemical and physical sciences and mechanical, electrical and material engineering perspectives; Discusses nano materials as power energy sources, computational analyses of nano materials including molecular dynamic (MD) simulations and DFT calculations; Analyzes nanotubes, superhydrophobic self-clean Lotus surfaces; Covers nano chemistry for bio sensor/bio material device packaging. This second edition includes new chapters on soft materials-enabled packaging for stretchable and wearable electronics, state of the art miniaturization for active implantable medical devices, recent LED packaging and progress, nanomaterials for recent energy storage devices such as lithium ion batteries and supercapacitors and their packaging. Nano- Bio- Electronic, Photonic and MEMS Packaging is the ideal book for all biomedical engineers, industrial electronics packaging engineers, and those engaged in bio nanotechnology applications research.

This book is a research monograph summarizing recent advances related to the molecular structure of water and ice, and it is based on the latest spectroscopic data available. A special focus is given to radio- and microwave frequency regions. Within the five interconnected chapters, the author reviews the electromagnetic waves interaction with water, ice, and moist substances, discussing the microscopic mechanisms behind the dielectric responses. Well-established classic views concerning the structure of water and ice are considered along with new approaches related to atomic and molecular dynamics. Particular attention is given to nanofluidics, atmospheric science, and electrochemistry. The mathematical apparatus, based on diverse approaches employed in condensed matter physics, is widely used and allows the reader to quantitatively describe the electrodynamic response of water and ice in both bulk and confined states. This book is intended for a wide audience covering physicists, electrochemists, geophysicists, engineers, biophysicists, and general scientists who work on the electromagnetic radiation interaction with water and moist substances.

For centuries, electrochemistry has played a key role in technologically important areas such as electroplating or corrosion. In recent decades, electrochemical methods are receiving increasing attention in important strongly growing fields of science and technology such as nanosciences (nanoelectrochemistry) and life-sciences (organic and biological electrochemistry).

Characterization, modification and understanding of various electrochemical interfaces or electrochemical processes at the nanoscale, has led to a huge increase of the scientific interest in electrochemical mechanisms as well as of application of electrochemical methods in novel technologies. This book presents exciting emerging scientific and technological aspects of the introduction of the nanodimension in electrochemical approaches are presented in 12 chapters/subchapters.

"Contains a complete manual with procedures for the implementation and scaling-up of industrial extraction processes. Discusses computer-aided molecular design. Includes examples of interactive, combinatorial, construct-and-test, and mathematical programming."

Introduces a special class of polymeric ligand exchanger (PLE) with hi gh affinities for anionic ligands. Volume 14 discusses the potential a nd advantages of micro- and nanofiltration membrane processes for remo val of metals; details prevailing equilibrium relationships and suppor ting experimental data for systems where leaching and ion exchange tak e place simultaneously; covers cases of uranium cation and gold cyanid e anion bisorption and modeling of engineered systems; and more.

This book deals with the electro-chemo-mechanical properties characteristic of and unique to solid electrode surfaces, covering interfacial electrochemistry and surface science. Electrochemical reactions such as electro-sorption, electro-deposition or film growth on a solid electrode induce changes in surface stress or film stress that lead to transformation of the surface phase or alteration of the surface film. The properties of solid electrode surfaces associated with the correlation between electrochemical and mechanical phenomena are named "electro-chemo-mechanical properties". The book first derives the surface thermodynamics of solid electrodes as fundamentals for understanding the electro-chemo-mechanical properties. It also explains the powerful techniques for investigating the electro-chemo-mechanical properties, and reviews the arguments for derivation of surface thermodynamics of solid electrodes. Further, based on current experimental findings and theories, it discusses the importance of the contribution of surface stress to the transformation of surface phases, such as surface reconstruction and underpotential deposition in addition to the stress evolution during film growth and film reduction. Moreover, the book describes the nano-mechanical properties of solid surfaces measured by nano-indentation in relation to the electro-chemo-mechanical properties. This book makes a significant contribution to the further development of numerous fields, including electrocatalysis, materials science and corrosion science.

This book commemorates the "Nobel Laureate Professor Suzuki Special Symposium" at the International Union of Material Research Society-International Conference on Advanced Materials (IUMRS-ICAM2017), which was held at Kyoto University, Japan, in 2017. The book begins with a foreword by Professor Akira Suzuki. Subsequently, many authors who attended the special symposium describe the latest scientific advances in the field of carbon materials and carbon nanomaterials including polymers, carbon nanocomposites, and graphene. Carbon-based materials have recently been the focus of considerable attention, given their wide range of potential applications. Fittingly, the chapters in this book cover both experimental and theoretical approaches in several categories of carbon-related materials.

This book is devoted to the synthetic and physical chemistry of aromatic thiols and their closest derivatives, sulfides, sulfoxides, sulfones, including those substituted by various functional groups such as acyl and thioacyl, alkoxide, ester, hydroxyl and halogens. In some cases, for comparison, selenium and oxygen analogues are also detailed. The main focus of the book is on synthetic methods, both traditional and new, based on the use of transition metals as catalysts, as well as the reactivity of the compounds obtained. Its addition to the influence of conformational and electronic factors on spectral (NMR, IR, UV, NQR) and electrochemical characteristics of the compounds is presented. Finally, the book describes the application of aromatic thiols and their derivatives as drug precursors, high-tech materials, building blocks for organic synthesis, analytical reagents and additives for oils and fuels. It is a useful handbook for all those interested in organosulfur chemistry.