"Contains a complete manual with procedures for the implementation and scaling-up of industrial extraction processes. Discusses computer-aided molecular design. Includes examples of interactive, combinatorial, construct-and-test, and mathematical programming."

This book commemorates the "Nobel Laureate Professor Suzuki Special Symposium" at the International Union of Material Research Society-International Conference on Advanced Materials (IUMRS-ICAM2017), which was held at Kyoto University, Japan, in 2017. The book begins with a foreword by Professor Akira Suzuki. Subsequently, many authors who attended the special symposium describe the latest scientific advances in the field of carbon materials and carbon nanomaterials including polymers, carbon nanocomposites, and graphene. Carbon-based materials have recently been the focus of considerable attention, given their wide range of potential applications. Fittingly, the chapters in this book cover both experimental and theoretical approaches in several categories of carbon-related materials.

Introduces a special class of polymeric ligand exchanger (PLE) with hi gh affinities for anionic ligands. Volume 14 discusses the potential a nd advantages of micro- and nanofiltration membrane processes for remo val of metals; details prevailing equilibrium relationships and suppor ting experimental data for systems where leaching and ion exchange tak e place simultaneously; covers cases of uranium cation and gold cyanid e anion bisorption and modeling of engineered systems; and more.

In this book, the development of next-generation batteries is introduced. Included are reports of investigations to realize high energy density batteries: Li-air, Li-sulfur, and all solid-state and metal anode (Mg, Al, Zn) batteries. Sulfide and oxide solid electrolytes are also reviewed.A number of relevant aspects of all solid-state batteries with a carbon anode or Li-metal anode are discussed and described: The formation of the cathode; the interface between the cathode (anode) and electrolyte; the discharge and charge mechanisms of the Li-air battery; the electrolyte system for the Li-air battery; and cell construction. The Li-sulfur battery involves a critical problem, namely, the dissolution of intermediates of sulfur during the discharge process. Here, new electrolyte systems for the suppression of intermediate dissolution are discussed. Li-metal batteries with liquid electrolytes also present a significant problem: the dendrite formation of lithium. New separators and electrolytes are introduced to improve the safety and rechargeability of the Li-metal anode. Mg, Al, and Zn metal anodes have been also applied to rechargeable batteries, and in this book, new metal anode batteries are introduced as the generation-after-next batteries.This volume is a summary of ALCA-SPRING projects, which constitute the most extensive research for next-generation batteries in Japan. The work presented in this book is highly informative and useful not only for battery researchers but also for researchers in the fields of electric vehicles and energy storage.

This book deals with the electro-chemo-mechanical properties characteristic of and unique to solid electrode surfaces, covering interfacial electrochemistry and surface science. Electrochemical reactions such as electro-sorption, electro-deposition or film growth on a solid electrode induce changes in surface stress or film stress that lead to transformation of the surface phase or alteration of the surface film. The properties of solid electrode surfaces associated with the correlation between electrochemical and mechanical phenomena are named "electro-chemo-mechanical properties". The book first derives the surface thermodynamics of solid electrodes as fundamentals for understanding the electro-chemo-mechanical properties. It also explains the powerful techniques for investigating the electro-chemo-mechanical properties, and reviews the arguments for derivation of surface thermodynamics of solid electrodes. Further, based on current experimental findings and theories, it discusses the importance of the contribution of surface stress to the transformation of surface phases, such as surface reconstruction and underpotential deposition in addition to the stress evolution during film growth and film reduction. Moreover, the book describes the nano-mechanical properties of solid surfaces measured by nano-indentation in relation to the electro-chemo-mechanical properties. This book makes a significant contribution to the further development of numerous fields, including electrocatalysis, materials science and corrosion science.

This book provides a comprehensive review of functional nanomaterials for electrochemical applications, presenting interesting examples of nanomaterials with different dimensions and their applications in electrochemical energy storage. It also discusses the synthesis of functional nanomaterials, including quantum dots; one-dimensional, two-dimensional and three-dimensional nanostructures; and advanced nanocomposites. Highlighting recent advances in current electrochemical energy storage hotpots: lithium batteries, lithium-ion batteries, sodium-ion batteries, other metal-ion batteries, halogen ion batteries, and metal-gas batteries, this book will appeal to readers in the various fields of chemistry, material science and engineering.

This book explores key parameters, properties and fundamental concepts of electrocatalysis. It also discusses the engineering strategies, current applications in fuel-cells, water-splitting, metal-ion batteries, and fuel generation. This book elucidates entire category viewpoints together with industrial applications. Therefore, all the sections of this book emphasize the recent advances of different types of electrocatalysts, current challenges, and state-of-the-art studies through detailed reviews. This book is the result of commitments by numerous experts in the field from various backgrounds and expertise and appeals to industrialists, researchers, scientists and in addition understudies from various teaches.

This book presents selected peer-reviewed contributions from the 2019 International Conference on "Physics and Mechanics of New Materials and Their Applications", PHENMA 2019 (Hanoi, Vietnam, 7-10 November, 2019), divided into four scientific themes: processing techniques, physics, mechanics, and applications of advanced materials. The book describes a broad spectrum of promising nanostructures, crystals, materials and composites with special properties. It presents nanotechnology approaches, modern environmentally friendly techniques and physical-chemical and mechanical studies of the structural-sensitive and physical-mechanical properties of materials. The obtained results are based on new achievements in material sciences and computational approaches, methods and algorithms (in particular, finite-element and finite-difference modeling) applied to the solution of different technological, mechanical and physical problems. The obtained results have a significant interest for theory, modeling and test of advanced materials. Other results are devoted to promising devices demonstrating high accuracy, longevity and new opportunities to work effectively under critical temperatures and high pressures, in aggressive media, etc. These devices demonstrate improved comparative characteristics, caused by developed materials and composites, allowing investigation of physio-mechanical processes and phenomena based on scientific and technological progress.

The Handbook of Solid State Electrochemistry is a one-stop resource treating the two main areas of solid state electrochemistry: electrochemical properties of solids such as oxides, halides, and cation conductors; and electrochemical kinetics and mechanisms of reactions occurring on solid electrolytes, including gas-phase electrocatalysis. The fundamentals are presented, including structural and defect chemistry, diffusion and transport in solids, conductivity and electrochemical reaction, and adsorption and reactions on solid surfaces. The Handbook also covers experimental methods and computer-aided interpretation of experimental results used in the field.
The Handbook of Solid State Electrochemistry addresses applications of solid state electrochemistry in a number of fields, including:
o solid oxide fuel cells
o batteries
o sensors and actuators
o semi-permeable membranes
o corrosion processes
o electrocatalysis
o electrochromic devices
For materials scientists, engineers, and researchers from academia and industry, the Handbook provides guidance through the rapidly growing field of solid state electrochemistry.

This book explores the applications of ferroelectric materials in information technology by developing several prototype devices based on Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-PbTiO3 (PMN-PT) single crystals. It describes how an optothermal field-effect transistor (FET) was constructed on the PMN-26PT single crystal, using a MoS2 monolayer as the channel semiconductor material. This fusion of pyroelectric effect and the interface engineering of 2D materials provides an effective strategy for the 'photon revolution' of FET. An ultra-broadband photodetector (UV ~ THz) was monolithically integrated into a [111]-oriented PMN-28PT single crystal by using silver nanowires in the transparent top electrode. The photodetector showed a dramatic improvement in operation frequency up to 3 kHz: an order of magnitude higher than that of traditional pyroelectric photodetectors. A self-powered integrated module was demonstrated through the combination of a triboelectric nanogenerator and a ferroelectric FET. The stored information can easily be written in the memory system using mechanical energy, solving the power consumption problem with regard to information writing in ferroelectric nonvolatile memories. This book extends the applications of ferroelectric single crystals into areas other than piezoelectric devices, paving the way for exciting future developments.

This book presents the advances in abrasive based machining and finishing in broad sense. Specifically, the book covers the novel machining and finishing strategies implemented in various advanced machining processes for improving machining accuracy and overall quality of the product. This book presents the capability of advanced machining processes using abrasive grain. It also covers ways for enhancing the production rate as well as quality. It fulfills the gap between the production of any complicated components and successful machining with abrasive particles.

This book provides a brief research source for optical fiber sensors for energy production and storage systems, discussing fundamental aspects as well as cutting-edge trends in sensing. This volume provides industry professionals, researchers and students with the most updated review on technologies and current trends, thus helping them identify technology gaps, develop new materials and novel designs that lead to commercially viable energy storage systems.

This unified approach to charge transfer science provides a valuable tool for the increasing number of theoretical and experimental scientists involved in such areas as physical chemistry, electrochemistry, chemical physics, biophysics, biochemistry, and solid-state and surface physics.
This comprehensive monograph presents the process of charge transfer in the traditionally independent fields of physics, chemistry and biology from a unified point of view. The numerous facets of charge transfer are presented coherently, emphasising the common nature of phenomena which at first sight appear quite different. Detailed theoretical overviews are presented and phenomena such as redox, electrochemical and radiative processes, polarons, proton transfer and biological processes are discussed. All major results of the different processes in physics, chemistry and biology are discussed in detail with special reference to their physical mechanisms, thereby allowing a unified conceptual approach to be applied

This book describes the physical basis of polarization modulation infrared reflection-absorption spectroscopy and its application in electrochemical studies. It provides a concise yet comprehensive review of the research done in this field in the last 20 years. Electrochemical methods are used to determine the rate and mechanism of charge transfer reactions between an electrode and species adsorbed or diffusing to its surface. In the past two decades PM-IRRAS has grown to be one of the most important vibrational spectroscopy techniques applied to investigate structural changes taking place at the electrochemical interface. The monograph presents foundations of this technique and reviews in situ studies of redox-inactive and redox-active films adsorbed on electrode surfaces. It also discusses experimental conditions required in electrochemical and spectroscopic studies and presents practical solutions to perform efficient experiments. As such, it offers an invaluable resource for graduate and postgraduate students, as well as for all researchers in academic and industrial laboratories.

This book reports on the development of nanostructured metal-oxide-based electrode materials for use in water purification. The removal of organic pollutants and heavy metals from wastewater is a growing environmental and societal priority. This book thus focuses primarily on new techniques to modify the nanostructural properties of various solvent-electrolyte combinations to address these issues. Water treatment is becoming more and more challenging due to the ever increasing complexity of the pollutants present, requiring alternative and complementary approaches toward the removal of toxic chemicals, heavy metals and micro-organisms, to name a few. This contributed volume cuts across the fields of electrochemistry, water science, materials science, and nanotechnology, while presenting up-to-date experimental results on the properties and synthesis of metal-oxide electrode materials, as well as their application to areas such as biosensing and photochemical removal of organic wastewater pollutants. Featuring an introductory chapter on electrochemical cells, this book is well positioned to acquaint interdisciplinary researchers to the field, while providing topical coverage of the latest techniques and methodology. It is ideal for students and research professionals in water science, materials science, and chemical and civil engineering.

Written by the inventors and leading experts of this new field, the book results from the International Symposium on "Atomic Switch: Invention, Practical use and Future Prospects" which took place in Tsukuba, Japan on March 27th - 28th, 2017. The book chapters cover the different trends from the science and technology of atomic switches to their applications like brain-type information processing, artificial intelligence (AI) and completely novel functional electronic nanodevices. The current practical uses of the atomic switch are also described. As compared with the conventional semiconductor transistor switch, the atomic switch is more compact (~1/10) with much lower power consumption (~1/10) and scarcely influenced by strong electromagnetic noise and radiation including cosmic rays in space (~1/100). As such, this book is of interest to researchers, scholars and students willing to explore new materials, to refine the nanofabrication methods and to explore new and efficient device architectures.

Flexible and stretchable energy storage devices are increasingly being needed for a wide variety of applications such as wearable electronics, electronic papers, electronic skins, smart clothes, bendable smart phones and implantable medical devices. Wearable Energy Storage Devices discusses flexible and stretchable supercapacitors and batteries, stretchable and self-healing gel electrolytes, and hybrid wearable energy storage-harvesting devices.

The series Topics in Current Chemistry Collections presents critical reviews from the journal Topics in Current Chemistry organized in topical volumes. The scope of coverage is all areas of chemical science including the interfaces with related disciplines such as biology, medicine and materials science. The goal of each thematic volume is to give the non-specialist reader, whether in academia or industry, a comprehensive insight into an area where new research is emerging which is of interest to a larger scientific audience.Each review within the volume critically surveys one aspect of that topic and places it within the context of the volume as a whole. The most significant developments of the last 5 to 10 years are presented using selected examples to illustrate the principles discussed. The coverage is not intended to be an exhaustive summary of the field or include large quantities of data, but should rather be conceptual, concentrating on the methodological thinking that will allow the non-specialist reader to understand the information presented. Contributions also offer an outlook on potential future developments in the field.

This book addresses two critical problems that plague materials that make up components in both desalination and cooling water systems: corrosion, and fouling. The book addresses various types and components of industrial desalination technologies with solutions for controlling corrosion, scaling and biofouling. Issues unique to desalination systems, vital for the production of clean water, are considered as well. Green technologies are discussed throughout, along with environmental and economic considerations. The book presents solutions to the problems encountered by internal and external parts of these systems and will aid professionals that design, operate, and maintain them. It will be valuable to professionals in the materials, corrosion, electrochemical and wastewater industries, as well as chemical engineers. Addresses the corrosion issues facing the conventional and modern water desalination systems; Discusses the causes and remediation of problems caused by corrosion, scaling, and biofouling in water treatment; Offers green solutions, thereby minimizing environmental impact while increasing control and productivity of water systems; Suitable for professionals working with water desalination plants, materials scientists and corrosion engineers.

This second edition of a well-received volume has been thoroughly updated and expanded to cover the most recent developments. Coverage now includes additional polymers such as polyindole and polyazines, composites of polymers with carbon nanotubes, metals, and metal oxides, as well as bending-beam techniques for characterization. Again, the author provides a systematic survey of the knowledge accumulated in this field in the last thirty years. This includes thermodynamic aspects, the theory of the mechanism of charge transport processes, the chemical and physical properties of these compounds, the techniques of characterization, the chemical and electrochemical methods of synthesis as well as the application of these systems. The book contains a compilation of the polymers prepared so far and covers the relevant literature with almost 2000 references. From reviews of the previous edition 'a comprehensive reference guide for those interested in this field' (Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry)

This book elaborates the corrosion testing and assessment methods for the aluminum alloy vessel in the service and internal environment. The emphasis is placed on the research of general materials corrosion characteristics, electrochemical protection design, surface protection, coating and painting, etc. This book helps readers to keep abreast of the whole technology system of the corrosion prevention and control of aluminum alloy vessel, especially the systematic engineering view of life cycle corrosion control for the vessel is of particular interest to readers.

The series Topics in Current Chemistry Collections presents critical reviews from the journal Topics in Current Chemistry organized in topical volumes. The scope of coverage is all areas of chemical science including the interfaces with related disciplines such as biology, medicine and materials science. The goal of each thematic volume is to give the non-specialist reader, whether in academia or industry, a comprehensive insight into an area where new research is emerging which is of interest to a larger scientific audience. Each review within the volume critically surveys one aspect of that topic and places it within the context of the volume as a whole. The most significant developments of the last 5 to 10 years are presented using selected examples to illustrate the principles discussed. The coverage is not intended to be an exhaustive summary of the field or include large quantities of data, but should rather be conceptual, concentrating on the methodological thinking that will allow the non-specialist reader to understand the information presented. Contributions also offer an outlook on potential future developments in the field.

This book, written by the leading experts in the field of plant electrophysiology, provides a comprehensive and up-to-date overview of the current state of knowledge on electrical signaling and responses in plant physiology. It covers a significant interdisciplinary area for a broad range of researchers, emphasizing the physical, chemical, biological, and technological aspects of plant electrophysiology, while also demonstrating the role of electrochemical processes and ion channels in plant life cycles. Separate chapters describe the electrophysiology of the Venus flytrap, the Telegraph plant, Mimosa pudica, and other interesting plant species. Subsequent sections focus on mechanisms of plant movement, the role of ion channels, morphing structures, and the effects of electrical signal transduction on photosynthesis and respiration. Further topics include the electrophysiology of plant-insect interactions, how plants sense different environmental stresses and stimuli, and how phytoactuators respond to them. All chapters analyze the generation and transmission of electrical signals in plants.

This is the first textbook in the field of electrochemistry that will teach experimental electrochemists how to carry out simulation of electrode processes. Processes at both macro- and micro-electrodes are examined and the simulation of both diffusion-only and diffusion-convection processes are addressed. The simulation of processes with coupled homogeneous kinetics and at microelectrode arrays are further discussed.Over the course of the book the reader's understanding is developed to the point where they will be able to undertake and solve research-level problems. The book leads the reader through from a basic understanding of the principles underlying electrochemical simulation to the development of computer programs which describe the complex processes found in voltammetry.This second edition has been revised throughout, and contains new material relating to random walks in electrochemistry, as well as expanded materials on the checking and validation of simulations, pulse techniques, and square wave voltammetry.

This book introduces the main aspects of modern applied electrochemistry. Starting with the basics of electrochemical kinetics, the authors address the chemistry and types of corrosion, principles of electro- and biocatalysis, electrodeposition and its applications in industrial processes. The book later discusses the electrochemistry and photoelectrochemistry of semiconductors and their applications in solar energy conversion and photocatalysis.