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Books > Professional & Technical > Electronics & communications engineering > Electronics engineering > Electronic devices & materials
Since the initial predictions for the existence of Weyl fermions in
condensed matter, many different experimental techniques have
confirmed the existence of Weyl semimetals. Among these techniques,
optical responses have shown a variety of effects associated with
the existence of Weyl fermions. In chiral crystals, we find a new
type of fermions protected by crystal symmetries — the chiral
multifold fermions — that can be understood as a higher-spin
generalization of Weyl fermions. This work provides a complete
description of all chiral multifold fermions, studying their
topological properties and the k·p models describing them. We
compute the optical conductivity of all chiral multifold fermions
and establish their optical selection rules. We find that the
activation frequencies are different for each type of multifold
fermion, thus constituting an experimental fingerprint for each
type of multifold fermion. Building on the theoretical results
obtained in the first part of our analysis, we study two chiral
multifold semimetals: RhSi and CoSi. We analyze the experimental
results with k·p and tight-binding models based on the crystal
symmetries of the material. We trace back the features observed in
the experimental optical conductivity to the existence of multifold
fermions near the Fermi level and estimate the chemical potential
and the scattering lifetime in both materials. Finally, we provide
an overview of second-order optical responses and study the
second-harmonic generation of RhSi. We find a sizeable
second-harmonic response in the low-energy regime associated with
optical transitions between topological bands. However, this regime
is extremely challenging to access with the current experimental
techniques. We conclude by providing an overview of the main
results, highlighting potential avenues to further research on
chiral multifold semimetals and the future of optical responses as
experimental probes to characterize topological phases.
Advances in Semiconductor Nanostructures: Growth, Characterization,
Properties and Applications focuses on the physical aspects of
semiconductor nanostructures, including growth and processing of
semiconductor nanostructures by molecular-beam epitaxy, ion-beam
implantation/synthesis, pulsed laser action on all types of III-V,
IV, and II-VI semiconductors, nanofabrication by bottom-up and
top-down approaches, real-time observations using in situ UHV-REM
and high-resolution TEM of atomic structure of quantum well,
nanowires, quantum dots, and heterostructures and their electrical,
optical, magnetic, and spin phenomena. The very comprehensive
nature of the book makes it an indispensable source of information
for researchers, scientists, and post-graduate students in the
field of semiconductor physics, condensed matter physics, and
physics of nanostructures, helping them in their daily research.
This book gives a review of the principles, methods and techniques
of important and emerging research topics and technologies in
Channel Coding, including theory, algorithms, and applications.
Edited by leading people in the field who, through their
reputation, have been able to commission experts to write on a
particular topic. With this reference source you will: Quickly
grasp a new area of research Understand the underlying principles
of a topic and its applications Ascertain how a topic relates to
other areas and learn of the research issues yet to be resolved
The development of nitride-based light-emitting diodes (LEDs) has
led to advancements in high-brightness LED technology for
solid-state lighting, handheld electronics, and advanced
bioengineering applications. Nitride Semiconductor Light-Emitting
Diodes (LEDs) reviews the fabrication, performance, and
applications of this technology that encompass the state-of-the-art
material and device development, and practical nitride-based LED
design considerations. Part one reviews the fabrication of nitride
semiconductor LEDs. Chapters cover molecular beam epitaxy (MBE)
growth of nitride semiconductors, modern metalorganic chemical
vapor deposition (MOCVD) techniques and the growth of nitride-based
materials, and gallium nitride (GaN)-on-sapphire and GaN-on-silicon
technologies for LEDs. Nanostructured, non-polar and semi-polar
nitride-based LEDs, as well as phosphor-coated nitride LEDs, are
also discussed. Part two covers the performance of nitride LEDs,
including photonic crystal LEDs, surface plasmon enhanced LEDs,
color tuneable LEDs, and LEDs based on quantum wells and quantum
dots. Further chapters discuss the development of LED encapsulation
technology and the fundamental efficiency droop issues in gallium
indium nitride (GaInN) LEDs. Finally, part three highlights
applications of nitride LEDs, including liquid crystal display
(LCD) backlighting, infrared emitters, and automotive lighting.
Nitride Semiconductor Light-Emitting Diodes (LEDs) is a technical
resource for academics, physicists, materials scientists,
electrical engineers, and those working in the lighting, consumer
electronics, automotive, aviation, and communications sectors.
Organic flexible electronics represent a highly promising
technology that will provide increased functionality and the
potential to meet future challenges of scalability, flexibility,
low power consumption, light weight, and reduced cost. They will
find new applications because they can be used with curved surfaces
and incorporated in to a number of products that could not support
traditional electronics. The book covers device physics, processing
and manufacturing technologies, circuits and packaging, metrology
and diagnostic tools, architectures, and systems engineering. Part
one covers the production, properties and characterisation of
flexible organic materials and part two looks at applications for
flexible organic devices.
Piezoelectric materials produce electric charges on their surfaces
as a consequence of applying mechanical stress. They are used in
the fabrication of a growing range of devices such as transducers
(used, for example, in ultrasound scanning), actuators (deployed in
such areas as vibration suppression in optical and microelectronic
engineering), pressure sensor devices (such as gyroscopes) and
increasingly as a way of producing energy. Their versatility has
led to a wealth of research to broaden the range of piezoelectric
materials and their potential uses. Advanced piezoelectric
materials: science and technology provides a comprehensive review
of these new materials, their properties, methods of manufacture
and applications. After an introductory overview of the development
of piezoelectric materials, Part one reviews the various types of
piezoelectric material, ranging from lead zirconate titanate (PZT)
piezo-ceramics, relaxor ferroelectric ceramics, lead-free
piezo-ceramics, quartz-based piezoelectric materials, the use of
lithium niobate and lithium in piezoelectrics, single crystal
piezoelectric materials, electroactive polymers (EAP) and
piezoelectric composite materials. Part two discusses how to design
and fabricate piezo-materials with chapters on piezo-ceramics,
single crystal preparation techniques, thin film technologies,
aerosol techniques and manufacturing technologies for piezoelectric
transducers. The final part of the book looks at applications such
as high-power piezoelectric materials and actuators as well as the
performance of piezoelectric materials under stress. With its
distinguished editor and international team of expert contributors
Advanced piezoelectric materials: science and technology is a
standard reference for all those researching piezoelectric
materials and using them to develop new devices in such areas as
microelectronics, optical, sound, structural and biomedical
engineering.
Unlike electroplating, electroless plating allows uniform deposits
of coating materials over all surfaces, regardless of size, shape
and electrical conductivity. Electroless copper and
nickel-phosphorus deposits provide protective and functional
coatings in industries as diverse as electronics, automotive,
aerospace and chemical engineering. This book discusses the latest
research in electroless depositions. After an introductory chapter,
part one focuses on electroless copper depositions reviewing such
areas as surface morphology and residual stress, modelling surface
structure, adhesion strength of electroless copper deposit,
electrical resistivity and applications of electroless copper
deposits. Part two goes on to look at electroless nickel-phosphorus
depositions with chapters on the crystallisation of
nickel-phosphorus deposits, modelling the thermodynamics and
kinetics of crystallisation of nickel-phosphorus deposits,
artificial neural network (ANN) modelling of crystallisation
temperatures, hardness evolution of nickel-phosphorus deposits and
applications of electroless nickel-phosphorus plating. Written by
leading experts in the field Electroless copper and
nickel-phosphorus plating: Processing, characterisation and
modelling is an invaluable guide for researchers studying
electroless deposits or materials science as well as for those
working in the chemical, oil and gas, automotive, electronics and
aerospace industries.
Whilst printed films are currently used in varied devices across a
wide range of fields, research into their development and
properties is increasingly uncovering even greater potential.
Printed films provides comprehensive coverage of the most
significant recent developments in printed films and their
applications. Materials and properties of printed films are the
focus of part one, beginning with a review of the concepts,
technologies and materials involved in their production and use.
Printed films as electrical components and silicon metallization
for solar cells are discussed, as are conduction mechanisms in
printed film resistors, and thick films in packaging and
microelectronics. Part two goes on to review the varied
applications of printed films in devices. Printed resistive sensors
are considered, as is the role of printed films in capacitive,
piezoelectric and pyroelectric sensors, mechanical micro-systems
and gas sensors. The applications of printed films in biosensors,
actuators, heater elements, varistors and polymer solar cells are
then explored, followed by a review of screen printing for the
fabrication of solid oxide fuel cells and laser printed micro- and
meso-scale power generating devices. With its distinguished editors
and international team of expert contributors, Printed films is a
key text for anyone working in such fields as microelectronics,
fuel cell and sensor technology in both industry and academia.
Electrical motor products reviews the energy efficiency management
laws for electrical motor products in United States, European Union
(EU) and China. The energy efficiency certification requirements
for the electrical motor products vary from country to country and
are summarised here. International standards, testing methods and
certification requirements for specific electrical motor products
are discussed, including electric motors, pumps and fans. Finally,
methods for improving energy efficiency are examined.
Thin film technology is used in many applications such as
microelectronics, optics, hard and corrosion resistant coatings and
micromechanics, and thin films form a uniquely versatile material
base for the development of novel technologies within these
industries. Thin film growth provides an important and up-to-date
review of the theory and deposition techniques used in the
formation of thin films. Part one focuses on the theory of thin
film growth, with chapters covering nucleation and growth processes
in thin films, phase-field modelling of thin film growth and
surface roughness evolution. Part two covers some of the techniques
used for thin film growth, including oblique angle deposition,
reactive magnetron sputtering and epitaxial growth of graphene
films on single crystal metal surfaces. This section also includes
chapters on the properties of thin films, covering topics such as
substrate plasticity and buckling of thin films, polarity control,
nanostructure growth dynamics and network behaviour in thin films.
With its distinguished editor and international team of
contributors, Thin film growth is an essential reference for
engineers in electronics, energy materials and mechanical
engineering, as well as those with an academic research interest in
the topic.
Adhesives for electronic applications serve important functional
and structural purposes in electronic components and packaging, and
have developed significantly over the last few decades. Advanced
adhesives in electronics reviews recent developments in adhesive
joining technology, processing and properties. The book opens with
an introduction to adhesive joining technology for electronics.
Part one goes on to cover different types of adhesive used in
electronic systems, including thermally conductive adhesives,
isotropic and anisotropic conductive adhesives and underfill
adhesives for flip-chip applications. Part two focuses on the
properties and processing of electronic adhesives, with chapters
covering the structural integrity of metal-polymer adhesive
interfaces, modelling techniques used to assess adhesive properties
and adhesive technology for photonics. With its distinguished
editors and international team of contributors, Advanced adhesives
in electronics is a standard reference for materials scientists,
engineers and chemists using adhesives in electronics, as well as
those with an academic research interest in the field.
Nanostructured silicon-germanium (SiGe) opens up the prospects of
novel and enhanced electronic device performance, especially for
semiconductor devices. Silicon-germanium (SiGe) nanostructures
reviews the materials science of nanostructures and their
properties and applications in different electronic devices. The
introductory part one covers the structural properties of SiGe
nanostructures, with a further chapter discussing electronic band
structures of SiGe alloys. Part two concentrates on the formation
of SiGe nanostructures, with chapters on different methods of
crystal growth such as molecular beam epitaxy and chemical vapour
deposition. This part also includes chapters covering strain
engineering and modelling. Part three covers the material
properties of SiGe nanostructures, including chapters on such
topics as strain-induced defects, transport properties and
microcavities and quantum cascade laser structures. In Part four,
devices utilising SiGe alloys are discussed. Chapters cover ultra
large scale integrated applications, MOSFETs and the use of SiGe in
different types of transistors and optical devices. With its
distinguished editors and team of international contributors,
Silicon-germanium (SiGe) nanostructures is a standard reference for
researchers focusing on semiconductor devices and materials in
industry and academia, particularly those interested in
nanostructures.
This book is an overview of the strategies to generate high-quality
films of one-dimensional semiconductor nanostructures on flexible
substrates (e.g., plastics) and the use of them as building blocks
to fabricating flexible devices (including electronics,
optoelectronics, sensors, power systems). In addition to
engineering aspects, the physics and chemistry behind the
fabrication and device operation will also be discussed as well.
Internationally recognized scientists from academia, national
laboratories, and industries, who are the leading researchers in
the emerging areas, are contributing exceptional chapters according
to their cutting-edge research results and expertise. This book
will be an on-time addition to the literature in nanoscience and
engineering. It will be suitable for graduate students and
researchers as a useful reference to stimulate their research
interest as well as facilitate their research in nanoscience and
engineering.
The rheological properties of magnetorheological (MR) materials,
such as their viscosity and dynamic modulus, can be tuned or
controlled by changing the intensity of the magnetic field using
appropriate control schemes. Thanks to their robustness,
performance and smart properties, numerous studies have been
undertaken on the development of new MR materials, and microscopic
and macroscopic modelling approaches. Novel applications include
engine mounts and clutch systems in the automotive industry, shock
absorbing safety devices for cockpit seats in aerospace, and shock
absorption from movement in semi-active human prosthetic legs. This
book introduces magnetorheological fluids and elastomers, and
explores their material properties, related modelling techniques
and applications in turn. The book offers insights into the
relationships between the properties and characterisation of MR
materials and their current and future applications, making it
useful reading for researchers, engineers and graduate students who
work in the field of smart materials and structures.
Semiconductor Nanowires: Part B, and Volume 94 in the Semiconductor
and Semimetals series, focuses on semiconductor nanowires.
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Gas Sensors
(Hardcover)
Sher Bahadar Khan, Abdullah M. Asiri, Kalsoom Akhtar
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R3,330
Discovery Miles 33 300
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Ships in 10 - 15 working days
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Recently, a new digital twin consortium has been established that
aims to deploy digital twin technology in new markets as well as in
the development of smart cities. Designing smart cities, smart
communities, and smart ecosystems powered by optimal digital twin
deployments is a vision that currently only futurists can entertain
and requires some time to reach large-scale adoption. However, it
is incumbent upon us as a society to educate and train future
generations on how to leverage digital twin technologies in order
to optimize our daily lives as well as increase our efficiency,
productivity, and safety. Impact of Digital Twins in Smart Cities
Development provides insights regarding the global landscape for
current digital twin research and deployments and highlights some
of the challenges and opportunities faced during large-scale
adoptions. Critical domains such as ethics, data governance,
cybersecurity, inclusion, diversity, and sustainability are also
addressed and considered. Covering topics such as digital identity
and digital economics, this reference work is ideal for urban
planners, engineers, policymakers, industry leaders, scientists,
economists, academicians, practitioners, researchers, instructors,
and students.
Today, air-to-surface vessel (ASV) radars, or more generally
maritime surveillance radars, are installed on maritime
reconnaissance aircraft for long-range detection, tracking and
classification of surface ships (ASuW - Air to Surface Warfare) and
for hunting submarines (ASW - anti-submarine warfare). Such radars
were first developed in the UK during WWII as part of the response
to the threat to shipping from German U-Boats. This book describes
the ASV radars developed in the UK after WWII (1946-2000) and used
by the RAF for long-range maritime surveillance.
This book delivers a comprehensive and up-to-date treatment of
practical applications of metamaterials, structured media, and
conventional porous materials. With increasing levels of
urbanization, a growing demand for motorized transport, and
inefficient urban planning, environmental noise exposure is rapidly
becoming a pressing societal and health concern. Phononic and sonic
crystals, acoustic metamaterials, and metasurfaces can
revolutionize noise and vibration control and, in many cases,
replace traditional porous materials for these applications. In
this collection of contributed chapters, a group of international
researchers reviews the essentials of acoustic wave propagation in
metamaterials and porous absorbers with viscothermal losses, as
well as the most recent advances in the design of acoustic
metamaterial absorbers. The book features a detailed theoretical
introduction describing commonly used modelling techniques such as
plane wave expansion, multiple scattering theory, and the transfer
matrix method. The following chapters give a detailed consideration
of acoustic wave propagation in viscothermal fluids and porous
media, and the extension of this theory to non-local models for
fluid saturated metamaterials, along with a description of the
relevant numerical methods. Finally, the book reviews a range of
practical industrial applications, making it especially attractive
as a white book targeted at the building, automotive, and
aeronautic industries.
This volume, number 91 in the Semiconductor and Semimetals series,
focuses on defects in semiconductors. Defects in semiconductors
help to explain several phenomena, from diffusion to getter, and to
draw theories on materials' behavior in response to electrical or
mechanical fields. The volume includes chapters focusing
specifically on electron and proton irradiation of silicon, point
defects in zinc oxide and gallium nitride, ion implantation defects
and shallow junctions in silicon and germanium, and much more. It
will help support students and scientists in their experimental and
theoretical paths.
This book reviews the state of the art in the use of organic
materals as physical, chemical and biomedical sensors in a variety
of application settings. Topics covered include organic
semiconductors for chemical and physical sensing; conducting
polymers in sensor applications; chemically functionalized organic
semiconductors for highly selective sensing; composite
organic-inorganic sensors; artificial skin applications; organic
thin film transistor strain gauges for biomedical applications;
OTFT infrared sensors for touchless human-machine interaction;
smart fabric sensors and e-textile technologie; image capture with
organic sensors; organic gas sensors and electronic noses;
electrolyte gated organic transistors for bio-chemical sensing;
ion-selective organic electrochemical transistors; DNA biosensors;
metabolic organic sensors; and conductive polymer based sensors for
biomedical applications.
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