Tissue engineering involves seeding of cells on bio-mimicked scaffolds providing adhesive surfaces. Researchers though face a range of problems in generating tissue which can be circumvented by employing nanotechnology. It provides substrates for cell adhesion and proliferation and agents for cell growth and can be used to create nanostructures and nanoparticles to aid the engineering of different types of tissue. Written by renowned scientists from academia and industry, this book covers the recent developments, trends and innovations in the application of nanotechnologies in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. It provides information on methodologies for designing and using biomaterials to regenerate tissue, on novel nano-textured surface features of materials (nano-structured polymers and metals e.g.) as well as on theranostics, immunology and nano-toxicology aspects. In the book also explained are fabrication techniques for production of scaffolds to a series of tissue-specific applications of scaffolds in tissue engineering for specific biomaterials and several types of tissue (such as skin bone, cartilage, vascular, cardiac, bladder and brain tissue). Furthermore, developments in nano drug delivery, gene therapy and cancer nanotechonology are described. The book helps readers to gain a working knowledge about the nanotechnology aspects of tissue engineering and will be of great use to those involved in building specific tissue substitutes in reaching their objective in a more efficient way. It is aimed for R&D and academic scientists, lab engineers, lecturers and PhD students engaged in the fields of tissue engineering or more generally regenerative medicine, nanomedicine, medical devices, nanofabrication, biofabrication, nano- and biomaterials and biomedical engineering.

Arsenic in Plants Comprehensive resource detailing the chemistry, toxicity and impact of arsenic in plants, and solutions to the problem Arsenic in Plants: Uptake, Consequences and Remediation Techniques provides comprehensive coverage of the subject, detailing arsenic in our environment, the usage of arsenicals in crop fields, phytotoxicity of arsenic and arsenic's impact on the morphology, anatomy and quantitative and qualitative traits of different plant groups, including their physiology and biochemistry. The work emphasizes the occurrence of arsenic, its speciation and transportation in plants, and differences in mechanisms of tolerance in hyper-accumulator and non-accumulator plants. Throughout the text, the highly qualified authors delve into every facet of the interaction of arsenic with plants, including the ionomics, genomics, transcriptomics and proteomics in relation to arsenic toxicity, impact of exogenous phytohormones and growth-regulating substances, management of arsenic contamination in the soil-plant continuum, phytoremediation of arsenic toxicity and physical removal of arsenic from water. General discussion has also been included on subjects such as the ways through which this metalloid affects plant and human systems. Topics covered include: Introduction and historical background of arsenic and the mechanism of arsenic transport and metabolism in plants Arsenic-induced responses in plants, including impact on biochemical processes and different plant groups, from cyanobacteria to higher plants The role of phytohormones, mineral nutrients, metabolites and signaling molecules in regulating arsenic-induced toxicity in plants Genomic, proteomic, metabolomic, ionomic and transcriptional regulation during arsenic stress Strategies to reduce the arsenic contamination in soil-plant systems and arsenic removal by phytoremediation techniques Researchers, academics, and students of plant physiology, biotechnology, and agriculture will find valuable information in Arsenic in Plants to understand this pressing subject in full, along with its implications and how we can adapt our strategies and behaviors to promote reduced contamination through practical applications.

Authoritative resource presenting techniques and technologies to sustainably neutralize environmental contamination in aquatic plants, microorganisms, and more Two thirds of the Earth is covered with aquatic habitats that play a key role in stabilizing the global environment and providing a wide variety of services to increasing human needs. Nevertheless, anthropogenic activities are rapidly destroying the quality of both fresh and marine waters globally, due to excessive use of chemicals, fertilizers and pollution from suburban and industrial areas eventually making their way into the aquatic world. Aquatic Contamination: Tolerance and Bioremediation presents the broader spectrum of biological applicability of microbes with better understanding of cellular mechanisms for remediation of aquatic contaminants. The book also focuses on practices involved in molecular and genetic approaches, necessary to achieve targets of bioremediation and phytoremediation to solve global water contamination problems. Such approaches pave the way for the utilization of biological assets to design new, efficient, and environmentally sound remediation strategies by inculcating genomic techniques at cellular and molecular levels with model assessment. Aquatic Contamination provides a comprehensive background for readers interested in all perspectives of the contamination of aquatic environs. It covers various research aspects which are being carried out globally to understand simulation models in the assessment of xenobiotics, role of genomics, transgenic plants, and microbial enzymes for degradation and removal of toxic substances in aquatic environs. Key features include: Extensive coverage of interactions between plant, metals and microbes including the influence of biotic and abiotic factors Comprehensive discussion of the details of molecular mechanisms from assimilation to detoxification levels Exploration of the enzymatic approaches of potential plants acting as hyper-accumulators for contaminants in aquatic environs Details of sustainable tools such as transgenic plants for the manipulation of important functional microbial genes to achieve higher certainty of bioremediation Details of advances in tools and models like micro-arrays and simulation models for the complete assessment of xenobiotic compounds from cellular to degradation hierarchies Aquatic Contamination: Tolerance and Bioremediation will be substantially helpful to environmentalists, microbiologists, biotechnologists and scientists, providing essential information on various modern technologies for the remediation of contaminants in aquatic ecosystems.

In the post-genome era, questions concerning gene products, enzymes, and metabolism are returning to the forefront of life science research. Genetic information on its own does not fully account for an enzyme's kinetic and regulatory properties or for the behavior of the enzymes within its particular cellular milieu. Unanswered questions about the regulation, integration, and adaptation of metabolism have led to a resurgence of interest in protein, enzymological, and metabolic research for understanding biological processes.

Functional Metabolism: Regulation and Adaptation provides a comprehensive survey of metabolism. It includes an in-depth examination of the regulation of carbohydrates, lipids, and amino acids, and approaches to the study of enzyme regulation, signal transduction, and control of transcription and translation. The contributors-an internationally recognized group of researchers-also cover:

• The metabolic basis of diabetes, obesity, and blood disorders
• Oxidative stress and antioxidant defenses in health and disease
• Novel perspectives on biochemical adaptation to environmental stress
• Application of metabolic knowledge to developments in organ preservation and understanding the origin of life

From the basics of metabolic regulation and adaptation to the latest relevant advances in the genetic, proteomic, and enzymatic basis of how cells regulate their functions, Functional Metabolism: Regulation and Adaptation offers the most exhaustive treatment of the subject currently available. It is an essential text for students and practitioners in biochemistry, cell and molecular biology, and biomedicine.