Tehran's complicated relationship with its ethnic sub-groups has been a pressing security concern since the formation of modern Iran in 1925. This concern is intimately linked with issues related to citizenship, democracy, and democratic political processes, which remain fundamental to Iran's political structure and the Iranian political sphere. This book argues that, while the Islamic Republic has employed various strategies to mitigate the worst excesses of inter-ethnic tension while still securing a Shi'a-Persian dominated state, the systematic neglect of ethnic groups by both the Islamic Republic and its predecessor regime has resulted in the politicization of ethnic identity in Iran.

"Sites Unseen" examines the complex intertwining of race and architecture in nineteenth and early-twentieth century American culture, the period not only in which American architecture came of age professionally in the U.S. but also in which ideas about architecture became a prominent part of broader conversations about American culture, history, politics, and&#8212although we have not yet understood this clearly&#8212race relations. This rich and copiously illustrated interdisciplinary study explores the ways that American writing between roughly 1850 and 1930 concerned itself, often intensely, with the racial implications of architectural space primarily, but not exclusively, through domestic architecture.

In addition to identifying an archive of provocative primary materials, "Sites Unseen" draws significantly on important recent scholarship in multiple fields ranging from literature, history, and material culture to architecture, cultural geography, and urban planning. Together the chapters interrogate a variety of expressive American vernacular forms, including the dialect tale, the novel of empire, letters, and pulp stories, along with the plantation cabin, the West Indian cottage, the Latin American plaza, and the "Oriental" parlor. These are some of the overlooked plots and structures that can and should inform a more comprehensive consideration of the literary and cultural meanings of American architecture. Making sense of the relations between architecture, race, and American writing of the long nineteenth century&#8212in their regional, national, and hemispheric contexts&#8212"Sites Unseen" provides a clearer view not only of this catalytic era but also more broadly of what architectural historian Dell Upton has aptly termed the social experience of the built environment.

This book carefully examines representative texts and events that reflect the Irish presence in American culture from the Famine to the present. A noted scholar in the field of Irish-American literature and history, Jack Morgan sets forth and analyzes a wealth of material previously unexamined with clarity and insight. Writers from Mark Twain, Henry David Thoreau, and Margaret Fuller, to Harold Frederic and Sarah Orne Jewett, are considered in terms of their engagement with and relationships to the new Irish arrivals in the nineteenth century. Through a variety of texts, lives, and events, this study unfolds a fascinating panorama of Irish-American history, culture, and popular culture.

Despite the declaration that we are living in a "post-racial America," multiple recent events in which Black lives were prematurely ended have sparked a racial reckoning within the United States. Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs) are institutions with a long history of addressing racial disparities and injustices whose relevance is being recognized in light of these recent events. It is essential to give voice to those who represent the ongoing challenges, aspirations, and impact of HBCUs in the 21st century in upholding their collective mission to educate students of color who were historically excluded from institutions of higher education. Contributions of Historically Black Colleges and Universities in the 21st Century focuses on the role of HBCUs in contemporary American society as diverse and inclusive environments that continue to positively impact historically excluded students. The voices of faculty, students, and administration are included to highlight the innovations and contributions of HBCUs in the areas of scholarship, teaching, and service. Covering topics such as BlaQ Lives Matter, community activism, and self-advocacy, this premier reference source is a valuable resource for sociologists, higher education administration, graduate programs, faculty and administrators at HBCUs, students and educators of higher education, libraries, government officials, activists, non-profit organizations, researchers, and academicians.

Against a pre-Civil War backdrop of violence and antagonism, three courageous women, in different parts of the country, undertook to teach black children. Prudence Crandall, Margaret Douglass, and Myrtilla Miner lived, respectively, in Connecticut, Virginia, and Washington, D.C.: they each found that racial prejudice is not limited by geography and that people will go to great lengths to prevent the teaching of blacks. Of the three schools they established, only one--in the nation's capitol--proved more or less permanent, but all three had a significant impact on American life. Because they chose to teach black children, Miner, Douglass, and Crandall all endured persecution and hardship. Foner and Pacheco's important biographical study portrays three women of unusual courage who deserve to take their places with the many brave women of nineteenth-century America.

Are the relationships between minority groups as significant as those between dominant and minority groups? Phillips argues that they are in this innovative analysis of the relationships between the African American and the Jewish American communities during the last one hundred years. In An Unillustrious Alliance the evolved relations between the African American and the Jewish American communities are examined historically and sociologically. The scope of the work is from 1890 through the 1980s, and the materials are organized largely into decadal periods. The key relationships examined are negotiating, bargaining, cooperating, and conflicting. Two features of Phillips' approach distinguish it from most of the traditional examinations of racial and ethnic or minority group relations. First, there is strict emphasis placed on collective behavior or action. Phillips examines the concerted group actions of these two minority communities for the attainment of their separate as well as their joint purposes. Second, the main concern is the concerted actions or alliances and coalition between two minority communities, not the relationships between a dominant and a subordinate group. Throughout the study implications are drawn for public policy studies as well as for students and scholars of American ethnic and racial studies.

This book offers the first comprehensive and in-depth exploration of the way Chinese humor fits into broader discourses on Chinese identity and modernity in an increasingly globalized world throughout the period of modern China. It brings together the expertise of scholars from a variety of disciplines - history, literature, linguistics, anthropology, sociology and the study of popular culture - to examine the many forms and modes in which political humor is expressed in modern China: films, cartoons, the visual arts, oral performances and online satire.

Collected in one omnibus edition are Frederick Douglass' essential writings. Included here are all three of his landmark biographies: The Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, My Bondage and My Freedom, and The Life and Times of Frederick Douglass; his only work of fiction, "The Heroic Slave"; as well as his magazine articles and selected public addresses. There are almost a half a million words included in this massive edition. Now, through his own words, you can truly get a sense of the man and the legend that was Frederick Douglass.

This book uses the experiences and conversations of Black British women as a lens to examine the impact of discourses surrounding Black beauty shame. Black beauty shame exists within racialized societies which situate white beauty as iconic, and as a result produce Black 'ugliness' as a counterpoint. At the same time, Black Nationalist discourses present Black-white 'mixed race' women as bodies out of place within the Black community. In the examples analysed within the book, women disidentify from both the iconicities of white beauty and the discourses of Black Nationalist darker-skinned beauty, negating both ideals. This demonstration of Foucaldian counter-conduct can be read as a form of disalienation from the governmentality of Black beauty shame. This fascinating volume will be of interest to students and scholars of Black identity, Black beauty and discourse analysis.

When Martin Brower moved his family from heavily Jewish Los Angeles to barely Jewish Orange County, California, in 1974, his Los Angeles friends were amazed at his bravery and his foolishness. Orange County was considered anti-Semitic and lacking in culture. However, during the years following World War II, Orange County was transformed from a small rural community with citrus groves, row crops and cattle -- first into a bedroom community for neighboring Los Angeles County and then into a dynamic urban empire. As the County's population and employment base exploded, Orange County's Jewish population grew from a small enclave of Jewish shopkeepers into a vibrant Jewish community in excess of 100,000. To the surprise of many, Orange County now boasts one of the leading centers of Jewish life in the nation, complete with 30 synagogues, a grand new Jewish Community Center, one of the nation's largest Jewish day schools and one of its finest homes for the aging. In his book "Orange County Jew: A Memoir," Brower superimposes the growth of the Jewish community over the amazing development of Orange County itself, and uses as a framework the personal story of his own 36 years as a resident of Orange County and as a player among its major real estate development companies and its entrepreneurial leaders.

This volume explores Western attitudes towards the phenomenon of Easternization, drawing upon Eastern perspectives and examining the impact upon contemporary culture to argue that Easternization is another type of globalization.

Motivated by the observation that our current social and political theories do not properly account for the actual living circumstances of persons living the 21st century, this book calls for a reassessment of the starting points of moral, social, and political philosophy. Souffrant recognizes that, as it stands, our ethical theories start from a specific conception of the individual. While he believes that this approach has been helpful, he holds however that the contemporary circumstances regarding the way individuals live their lives, their particular interconnectedness and tacit and active participation in the conditions that affect us all, call for a reassessment of the starting points of moral, social and political philosophy.

This book provides a systematic examination of the re-patterning of collective identities through violence and the role of power politics in such critical transitions. The authors show how identity is created through shared social practices and how it is transformed when collective violence disrupts common practices. Three case studies show how this model sheds new light on the dynamics of religious violence in parts of India, on ethnic violence in the former Yugoslavia, as well as on anti-war protest in the UK in reaction to the military invasion of Iraq. The book explores an alternative way of looking at conflict, and dissects the policies and processes that bring specific identities to the fore, taking seriously the capacity to resist and face abusive authority. Identity, Violence and Power will be of interest to students and scholars of sociology, social psychology, history, political science and conflict studies.

Recent attention to historical, geographic, and class differences in the studies of women and gender in China has expanded our understanding of the diversity and complexity of gendered China. Nevertheless, the ethnic dimension of this subject matter remains largely overlooked, particularly concerning women's conditions and gender status. Consequently, the patriarchy and its oppression of women among the Han, the ethnic majority in China, are often inaccurately or erroneously associated with the whole gendered heritage of China, epitomized by the infamous traditions of footbinding and female-infanticide. Such academic and popular predisposition belies the fact that gender systems in China span a wide spectrum, ranging from extreme Han patriarchy to Lahu gender-egalitarianism. The authors contributing to this book have collectively initiated a systematic effort to bridge the gap between understanding the majority Han and ethnic minorities in regard to women and gender in contemporary Chinese societies. By achieving a quantitative balance between articles on the Han majority and those on ethnic minorities, this book transcends the ghettoization of ethnic minorities in the studies of Chinese women and gender. The eleven chapters of this volume are divided into three sections which jointly challenge the traditions and norms of Han patriarchy from various perspectives. The first section focuses on gender traditions among ethnic minorities which compete with the norms of Han patriarchy. The second section emphasizes the impact of radical social transformation on gender systems and practices among both Han and ethnic minorities. The third section underscores socio-cultural diversity and complexity in resistance to Han patriarchal norms from a broad perspective. This book complements previous scholarship on Chinese women and gender by expanding our investigative lens beyond Han patriarchy and providing images of the multiethnic landscape of China. By identifying the Han as an ethnically marked category and by bringing to the forefront the diverse gender systems of ethnic minorities, this book encourages an increasing awareness of, and sensitivity to the cross-cultural diversity of gendered China both in academia and beyond.

This study of not only the silence, but the silencing of Mexican American Students in one California community college holds lessons for all educators-of all students at all levels. A profoundly important book.

Courtney B. Cazden

Charles William Eliot Professor of Education (Emerita),
Harvard Graduate School of Education

The wide variety of reference sources include not only books and journals, but also annual reports, directories, statistics, unpublished documents, computerized data bases, authors, and organizations active in the field. Special attention is paid to sources providing information on the impact of Middle-Eastern oil-generated investment on the major economies of the Western world.

This book is requisite reading material for any person claiming to be an educated and informed member of the global community. Our understanding in the West of the Eastern cultures, specially the different cultures involving the Muslims, is alarmingly low. The book strives to offer a view from the ground, a keyhole perspective that offers the readers a close and personal peek into some of the ethical underpinnings and the philosophical guiding parameters that inform the Muslim and the Eastern mind. There are over 1.3 billion Muslims in the world. It would be a serious intellectual fallacy to assume that they are all homogenous, or to be more preposterous, assume they are all terrorists. It is extremely tragic that it took the Iranian hostage crisis to teach us about Shia Islam and 9/11 to teach us about Wahabi Islam. Properly acquired knowledge, not just what we learn from the media, will allow us to be anticipatory and rational, rather than being reactive and emotional. For the Muslim reader, specially the children and the youth, the book strives to offer a deeper understanding of Islam, beyond the boundaries of ritual Islam into the wide open space of spiritual and intellectual Islam. To inspire them to appreciate and live up to the wonderful legacy of Islam and not to be mired down into some deviant interpretations of people, with questionable motives. The book is designed to encourage the process of tearing down walls and building bridges. We share common dreams, aspirations and challenges. We share a common globe and a common destiny. The author believes that there are no clashes of civilizations, just clashes of ignorance and misunderstanding.

While bus boycotts, sit-ins, and other acts of civil disobedience were the engine of the civil rights movement, the law was a primary context. Lawyers played a key role during the profound social upheavals, and the twenty-six contributors to this volume reveal what it was like to be a southern civil rights lawyer in this era. These eyewitness accounts provide unique windows onto the most dramatic moments in civil rights history, illuminating the legal fights that heralded the 1965 Selma March, the first civil judgment against the Ku Klux Klan, the creation of ballot access for blacks in Alabama, and the 1968 Democratic Convention. White and black, male and female, Northern- and Southern-born, these lawyers discuss both the abuses they endured and the barriers they broke as they helped shape a critical chapter of American history.

Immokalee's Fields of Hope is a story of Mexican, Haitian, and Guatemalan immigrants told by a businesswoman who regained her soul through volunteering with children. With compassion and understanding, Carlene Thissen shares the personal stories the immigrants told her, framed with the political and social histories of their countries. Beginning with family memories of her own German and Irish grandparents, she captures the struggles, hopes, and dreams of people who just want to work and make a better life. Carlene offers the opportunity to stretch out and truly visualize the plights of the people being described and their motivation for coming to America. They left horrible poverty, violence, and persecution and risked everything they had to come to Immokalee in Southwest Florida as word spread across our borders that, There is work in Immokalee. More than just the vivid story of the immigrants, Carlene explains the frustrations and fears of the rural community that struggled to absorb them and the dedicated people who came to help. The immigrants' dreams of a better life and the Carlene's own journey back to the garden all began in Immokalee's Fields of Hope.

Unlike the media would have you believe, most black males find great value in education. They want to believe that they have a special gift and that they can make a difference in the world. The problem is that they have ill feelings about how society has deprived them of the most qualified teachers and the best ways to be engaged in their own education. As a consequence of repeatedly being marginalized, criticized, and put down by society and teachers, they do not feel motivated to attend school or to produce outstanding academic work.

"The Secrets for Motivating, Educating, and Lifting the Spirit of African American Males" contains essays that center on how to help educators and parents to equip young black males with the drive necessary to craft fulfilling lives for themselves so they don't slip through the cracks in the educational system.

"Historically, we are still dealing with what happens to the image of Black people in the minds of white people. A book like this helps to make certain that the information teachers provide to all students-regardless of their race-will help them understand that the history of this country has made generation after generation of black students see themselves as academically and socially inferior to white people. Most importantly, it's the teachers-not just black teachers, but all teachers- who have to understand the power they have to change the mindset of society. Changing how society thinks about Black people, particularly Black males, is a task teachers can truly accomplish because they have the power to create lesson plans that challenge how students think about each other. For such lessons are important for changing the attitudes and beliefs of the entire community in which we live." - REVEREND C.T. VIVIAN, A Pioneer of the Civil Rights Movement, Author, Educator, and a Close Friend of Reverend Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.

"This book provides a fresh perspective for understanding the problems associated with the education of Black males. As a minister, I have not encountered a project that gathers the collective wisdom of a group of over 20 Black male educators who are dedicated to helping the world save young Black males. When all their ideas come together, they are bound to create a storm of new thinking about how all of us can work together. As a spiritual leader, my role is to help young Black males understand that the same God that was in Dr. King is the same God that is in them. This is a difficult lesson for some Black males who have been brainwashed to see themselves as having no say about the outcome of their lives. This book will help us, including those in the ministry, to reevaluate the thinking patterns of our boys so that we can better prepare them for the critical thinking that is required for life in the 21st century." - REVEREND ROBERT KILGORE, Assistant Pastor at Hillside International Truth Center, Atlanta, GA

In a production environment, batch size is proportional to cost and productivity. Innovative technologies have emerged in lean manufacturing as a way to include a number of elements that emphasizes waste reduction, value enhancement, and high quality results. Handbook of Research on Design and Management of Lean Production Systems explores the recent advancements in the areas of lean production, management, and the system and layout design for manufacturing environments. It also captures the building blocks of lean transformation on a shop floor level. Providing further understanding and ideas of this subject area, this book is an essential reference source for academic researchers as well as managers and practitioners of organizations.