Alcoholism, the oldest addictive illness, remains a serious problem because of its major modifications of many physiological systems. The genetic and neurological origins and mechanisms are complex and only partly understood. However, it is clear that alcohol use modifies the production of most hormones, directly and indirectly modulating the systems that hormones regulate. Acute and chronic alcohol consumption affects virtually all cellular functions of tissues like brain, liver, immune system, and reproductive and endocrine organs. The latter have major regula tory roles, affecting many functions from development to repro duction. Although stress can further modify alcohol's effects on hormone production, it significantly causes most of alcohol's modi fications of the body to occur via changes in hormone production and secretion. Ronald R. Watson vii Contributors Michael L. Adams * Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO Robert A. Anderson, Jr .* Ob/Gyn Research, Rush-Presbyterian-St. Luke's Medical Center, Chicago,IL Kasibhatla Bhavani * Molecular Heptology Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA Theodore J. Cicero * Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St.

A comprehensive, cutting-edge review of the complex interactions between maternal and fetal-placental tissues that control the establishment and maintenance of pregnancy, the proper development of the fetus, the birth process, and the behavioral aspects of bonding between mother and newborn. Expert researchers review the endocrine and physiological events that culminate in the delivery of offspring, and provide a solid base of comparative information on the menstrual cycle of primates, including humans. They also discuss the sources and functions of both steroid and protein hormones from the placenta and the details of their effects on uterine function, placental development, fetal growth and well-being, and maternal responses to pregnancy. This book will become the standard reference source not only for reproductive scientists, but also for those clinicians who want better to understand the complex factors that affect pregnancy-and their pregnant patients.

Over the last few years there has been a substantial increase in the interest not only by the medical profession but also the media in the role of testosterone in health and disease. This interest has been mirrored by a rapid increase in research publications and development of improved modes of delivery of testosterone therapy. The second edition of this successful pocketbook provides clinicians with an update on the management of testosterone deficiency in men, and covers updated management guidelines, a new chapter on testosterone and mortality, and a concluding chapter of helpful case vignettes.

Biology of Menopause presents the proceedings of an international symposium held from September 10-13, 1998 in Newport Beach, CA. The proceedings review current knowledge and explores future research directions on the biologic changes of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis across the menopausal transition and the associated changes in physiologic systems outside of the HPO axis, including the brain, the musculoskeletal and cardiovascular systems. Additionally, chapters present new methods of study and emerging areas of research.

These comprehensive yet concise collections of articles by world experts survey the latest findings on the molecular biology of diabetes and insulin action and synthesize a coherent understanding of the subject. Topics include the etiology of type I and type II diabetes, molecular and cellular aspects of insulin action, and the mechanism of the insulin-stimulated glucose uptake.

The Frozen Section Library series provides concise, user-friendly, site specific handbooks that are well illustrated and highlight the pitfalls, artifacts and differential diagnosis issues that arise in the hurried frozen section scenario. Frozen Section Library: Lymph Nodes highlights the usefulness of techniques such as touch preparation cytology and fine needle aspiration (FNA) cytology, as well as FNA biopsy. This fascicle also suggests proper handling for subsequent ancillary studies, including flow cytometric, cytogenetic, and molecular studies. Special emphasis is given to the limitations of frozen section diagnosis in lymph node pathology. All chapters are written by experts in their fields and include the most up to date scientific information. This book serves as a very useful resource for physicians in the frozen section room and in intra-operative consultation situations dealing with, and interested in, this very complex field of diagnostic pathology. Frozen Section Library: Lymph Nodes is of great value to pathologists, residents, and fellows who diagnose pathologic processes involving lymph nodes. Cherie H. Dunphy, M.D. is Professor of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Executive Director of Hematopathology and Hematopathology Fellowship Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, NC.

are new to this edition. The authors provide not only the The second edition of Thyroid Cancer: A Comp- most current review of their respective areas, but also their hensive Guide to Clinical Management marks the pub- own recommendations and approach. The reader is fo- cation of a markedly updated and expanded volume that warned that in many cases these approaches, albeit rooted covers all aspects of the etiology, pathogenesis, diag- sis, initial treatment, and long-term management of all in available data, may be empiric rather than based varieties of thyroid cancer. Like the first edition, it will upon clear-cut results of well-controlled clinical t- als. Nevertheless, controversial issues are examined serve as a valuable reference source for pathologists, and evidence-based recommendations are presented endocrine surgeons, endocrinologists, nuclear medicine when available. physicians, and oncologists. However, the biggest There are updated chapters on our current state change is that the second edition is significantly enlarged and expanded to encompass important and extensive of knowledge of the molecular changes in thyroid treatments of more topics related to nuclear medicine. cancer, molecular markers, and how targeted the- pies are being developed. New therapeutic trials of Nuclear medicine physicians and procedures play a key redifferentiation agents to restore the sodium iodide role in the management of thyroid cancer patients and in symporter when lacking and more traditional che- retrospect, a comprehensive discussion of topics related therapies are discussed, with referral sources listed for to that field was somewhat lacking in the first edition.

A benchmark review on how specific nutrients or adverse nutritional states impact the components of the IGF (Insulin-like Growth Factor) system and affect human health and disease. The authors describe the fundamentals of the IGF system, explain its basic mechanisms of action, illuminate its essential role in physical development across the life span, and highlight the link between normal and abnormal cellular growth resulting in tumor formation. They also fully examine the clinical aspects of nutrition and IGF, from pre- and postnatal development through old age, in the maintenance of normal metabolism, bone, and muscle health, and their role in pathological states. Special attention is given to critical illness, diabetes, gastrointestinal diseases, kidney failure, endocrine dysfunctions, cardiovascular disease, neurological disorders, and cancer, as well as to their potential for IGF therapy.

An unprecedented compilation of state-of-the-art advances in clinical research on diabetes and obesity by premier clinical scientists around the world. This volume critically reviews the limitations and strengths of today's major techniques in clinical diabetes research, and then reviews how those methods have been used to carry out cutting-edge studies of carbohydrate, lipid, and protein metabolism in the disease.

This book provides a complete guide to laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy and the management of obesity. The chapters discuss guidelines for healthcare providers for the management of patients with obesity, the rationale behind choosing patients, performing the procedure in line with the patient's condition, the perioperative period, postoperative requirements, and postoperative complications. This book aims to give readers an understanding of the surgical techniques involved in laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy and the wider treatment options available. It is relevant to bariatric, metabolic, and general surgeons, physicians, clinical nutritionists as well as students.

A comprehensive and authoritative survey of recent findings, ideas, and hypotheses about the causes and treatment of diabetic nephropathy. The authors cover both the basic pathogenic mechanisms of the disease, as well as many of its clinical aspects of identification, management, and new therapeutic approaches. Highlights include an entire section devoted to novel approaches to studying diabetic nephropathy with the most advanced molecular techniques, and complete descriptions of the most up-to-date views on the diagnosis and treatment of the disease. The Diabetic Kidney offers both researchers and practicing clinicians a clear understanding of the of the progress that has been made regarding the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy and of the therapeutic interventions needed to prevent its development or treat it.

Endocrine Surgery provides an illustrative, instructive, and comprehensive review that depicts the rationale of basic operative principles essential to surgical therapy of endocrine organs. The chapters provide pertinent and concise summaries of how to deal with various endocrine disorders, spanning both benign and malignant conditions. Stages of operative approaches with relevant technical considerations are outlined in an easily understandable manner. Complications are reviewed when appropriate for the organ system and problem. The text is illustrated throughout by line drawings and photographs that depict anatomic or technical principles. A concise, handbook-sized reference work, this book is a valuable resource for all general surgeons and residents in training.

This book provides a perspective on the current status of bioimaging technologies developed to assess the quality of musculoskeletal tissue with an emphasis on bone and cartilage. It offers evaluations of scaffold biomaterials developed for enhancing the repair of musculoskeletal tissues. These bioimaging techniques include micro-CT, nano-CT, pQCT/QCT, MRI, and ultrasound.

Maintaining the original goal of the first edition to integrate the basic science of endocrinology with its physiological and clinical principles, this new edition succinctly summarizes in 450 pages the latest findings on hormone secretion and hormone action, as well as all the most recent insights into the physiology and pathophysiology of hormonal disorders. Coverage extends across the entire spectrum of endocrinology-from mammalian cells, plants, and insects to animal models and human diseases-with much increased coverage of diabetes and metabolism. Highlights include cutting-edge discussions of appetite disorders, obesity, reproductive failure, control of thyroid function, hormone action in man and the lower species, and the mechanisms subserving hormone secretion.

International experts from world-renowned medical schools comprehensively review for practicing clinicians and scientists alike the latest understanding of the epidemiology, causation, and consequences of diabetes and obesity. The authors discuss in detail their diagnosis, clinical manifestations, complications, and best practices for diagnosis and treatment. They also review the history and epidemiology of these conditions, explain their genetics and pathophysiology, and illuminate their known mechanisms and interactions. State-of-the-art survey-chapters critique current approaches (lifestyle and pharmacological) to the treatment of these conditions.

Eighth volume to be published in the Essentials in Cytopathology book series.

More than 115 full-color images, 12 tables and a series of algorithms.

Designed to be concise and easy to use.

Fits in lab coat pocket.

Site specific.

Illustration oriented accompanied by text in outline format.

A must-have for every pathologist, cytopathologist, cytotechnologist, fellow and trainee.

This book provides a complete review of multiple metabolic disorders and the use of phytochemicals for their prevention and treatment. When describing each metabolic disorder, all authors describe de main health alterations, providing the most current figures and statistics worldwide; medicinal plants used in traditional medicine for its treatment and scientific information related to their potential to prevent or treat each condition. Authors also include a complete scientific background check, complete analysis of all phytochemicals recommended for each disorder, a description of the mechanism(s) of action and in vivo and/or in vitro studies. Within this volume, a series of 3 plant species, recommended to treat or prevent the previously described disorders, are presented with their botanical information, traditional use in different cultures and countries, and the available scientific information validating their health benefits. Besides six main metabolic disorders are described, providing a full scientific background for its general understanding, and three study cases are presented, where metabolic disorders are analyzed and approached from different medical and pharmaceutical angles.

The present book provides a state-of-the-art overview of the adrenal gland pathophysiology. It covers both up-to-date basic and clinical notions on adrenal glands. Amidst the molecular aspects, discussed by leading scientists in the field, there are ER stress, microRNA, hormone biosynthesis, and interactions with other organs. Clinical insights for students and physicians are also provided, from the imaging to the therapeutic management of common disorders of the gland, including adrenal failure, hyperaldosteronism, Cushing's syndrome, neurologic disease, and cancer both in adults and pediatric patients. As mentioned above, chapter contributions are made by worldwide renowned experts, scientists and physicians, working in prestigious hospitals and universities including Brown, Oxford, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland Clinic, Chinese University of Honk Kong, University of Tennessee, Indiana University School of Medicine, Monash Health in Clayton, Australia, University of Calgary, Northern Ontario School of Medicine and Laurentian University, Medical University of Gdansk, Universite Pierre et Marie Curie in Paris, France, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal, St. Vincent's University Hospital in Dublin, Universities of Londrina, Alfenas, Sao Paulo, and Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Throughout these chapters, the authors spotlight future avenues for research in basic pathophysiology and in therapy/prevention, in addition to thorough overviews of the current literature pertaining to the adrenal gland and its functional roles. The book also includes several color photographs, schemes and diagrams of molecular relationships, and tables that support and complement the text. The comprehensive and systematic overview provided within this book is expected to assist the reader in comprehending the importance of taking into account the functional roles of the adrenal gland and also to address questions and unresolved issues regarding the treatment of its disorders. Finally, the editor would like to express his sincere appreciation to all the contributors for their dedicated collaboration in this project. He would also like to thank Ms. Carra Feagaiga for her patient support. He sincerely hopes this book will enable readers to connect basic research principles with up-to-date clinical knowledge, thereby encouraging future discoveries and developments of new therapeutic strategies to treat disorders of the adrenal gland.

Sarcoidosis is a multisystem granulomatous disease of unknown etiology. It can occur at all ages, with the incidence peaking at 20 to 40 years. This book reviews the epidemiology, etiology, pathology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis and management strategies of sarcoidosis, while highlighting recent studies that have provided new insights into this unique and debilitating disease. The authors also specifically point out the urological manifestations of sarcoidosis to avoid misdiagnoses and to provide early intervention.

Air pollution has been associated with significant adverse health effects, including increased morbidity and mortality. The global increase in the prevalence of diseases that are associated with exposure to air pollution is of great concern. In particular, severe PM2.5 pollution occurs in Asian countries due to increasing emissions of air pollutants caused by the countries' rapid economic growth. A number of studies have been performed to clarify the association between PM2.5 and disorders such as asthma, ischemic cardiovascular diseases, arteriosclerosis, cancer, and neurological disorders. It is important to protect populations that are susceptible to such pollution. While the characterisation and monitoring of pollutant components currently dictates pollution control policies, it will be necessary to identify susceptible populations in order to adequately target prevention strategies for the health effects of air pollution. This book offers a comprehensive review of the recent advances in our understanding of the health effects of PM2.5, the role of oxidative stress in these effects, the contribution of ultrafine fractions of PM2.5 to the health effects, and discusses prevention strategies for these health effects. It also suggests further risk assessment, risk management, and novel policies for PM2.5 pollution, required to protect public health.

Internationally recognized experts, pioneers, and opinion makers in evidence-based medicine (EBM) provocatively recast endocrine policy and practice in the light of EBM philosophy and principles. The authors explain the past, present, and future of EBM; consider its practical implications for endocrinology; demonstrate what the "evidence base" is in EBM; and present illustrative case studies by practicing evidence-based clinicians. Highlights include essays on why cost-effective analyses are problematic, the contrast between clinical investigations and large randomized trials, the role of Cochrane reviews and meta-analyses, and the curriculum requirements for training evidence-based endocrinologists.

Over the last decade it has been shown that orphan G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) can be used as targets to discover novel neuropeptides. A dozen neuropeptides have been identified through this approach. Each of these neuropeptides has opened new doors for our understanding of fundamental physiological or behavioral responses. For example the orexins, MCH and ghrelin carry fundamental roles in regulating food intake while neuropeptide S, neuromedin S, the prokineticins and the orexins are major players in modulating sleep and circadian rhythms. The chapters of this book review the latest research in the field, most of them are written by the original discoverers of the respective novel neuropeptide. Emphasis is set not only on their discovery but also on their functional significance. Since many of these neuropeptides are part of drug discovery programs, this book impacts academic as well as pharmaceutical research. Written for: Neurobiologists, endocrinologists, pharmaceutical companies

This instant gold standard title is a major contribution to the field of clinical medical ethics and will be used widely for reference and teaching purposes for years to come. Throughout his career, Mark Siegler, MD, has written on topics ranging from the teaching of clinical medical ethics to end-of-life decision-making and the ethics of advances in technology. With more than 200 journal publications and 60 book chapters published in this area over the course of his illustrious career, Dr. Siegler has become the pre-eminent scholar and teacher in the field. Indeed his work has had a profound impact on a range of therapeutic areas, especially internal medicine, pediatrics, surgery, oncology, and medical education. Having grown steadily in importance the last 30 years, clinical ethics examines the practical, everyday ethical issues that arise in encounters among patients, doctors, nurses, allied health workers, and health care institutions. The goal of clinical ethics is to improve patient care and patient outcomes, and almost every large hospital now has an ethics committee or ethics consultation service to help resolve clinical ethical problems; and almost every medical organization now has an ethics committee and code of ethics. Most significantly, clinical ethics discussions have become a part of the routine clinical discourse that occurs in outpatient and inpatient clinical settings across the country. This seminal collection of 46 landmark works by Dr. Siegler on the topic is organized around five themes of foundational scholarship: restoring and transforming the ethical basis of modern clinical medicine, the doctor-patient relationship, education and professionalism, end-of-life care, and clinical innovation. With introductory perspectives by a group of renowned scholars in medicine, Clinical Medical Ethics: Landmark Works of Mark Siegler, MD explains the field authoritatively and comprehensively and will be of invaluable assistance to all clinicians and scholars concerned with clinical ethics.

Presently, there is so much focus on diabetes and cardiovascular disease, that the clinical intervention that is required towards its precursor, metabolic syndrome, is often not realised. a oeMetabolic Syndrome in Clinical Practicea will draw the attention of clinicians towards the importance of diagnosing metabolic syndrome, and therapeutic (including lifestyle) intervention that could be enforced earlier on to prevent its consequences and complications. In doing so, the understanding of present diagnostic criteria and how various metabolic risk factors play their role in its pathogenesis is crucial.