DNA sequence specificity is a sub-specialty in the general area of molecular recognition. This area includes macromolecular-molecular interactions (e.g., protein-DNA), oligomer-DNA interacitons (e.g., triple strands), and ligand-DNA interactions (e.g., drug-DNA). It is this latter group of DNA sequence specificity interactions that is the subject of Volumes 1 and 2 of "Advances in DNA Sequence Specific Agents." As was the case for Volume 1, Part A also covers methodology, but in Volume 2 we include calorimetric titrations, molecular modeling, X-ray crystallographic and NMR structural studies, and transcriptional assays. Part B also follows the same format as Volume 1 and describes the sequence specificities and covalent and noncovalent interactions of small ligands with DNA.
This volume is aimed in general at scientists who have an interest in deciphering the molecular mechanisms for sequence recognition of DNA. The methods have general applicability to small molecules as well as oligomers and proteins, while the examples provide general principles involved in sequence recognition.

Gene probes, whether RNA or DNA, have played a central role in the rapid development of molecular biology. The wide variety of applications is matched by a considerable diversity in the methods used for generating probes, a complete account of which would be very difficult to make. Instead, this second volume in the series combines a selection of newer gene probe procedures with a review of the most important established methods, together with some examples of the ways in which gene probes can be applied. In doing so, the book aims to act not only as an introductory manual for newcomers to the field, but also as a means of broadening the horizons of existing researchers.

In recent decades there has been an explosion in work in the social and physical sciences describing the similarities between human and nonhuman as well as human and non-animal thinking. This work has explicitly decentered the brain as the sole, self-contained space of thought, and it has found thinking to be an activity that operates not only across bodies but also across bodily or cellular membranes, as well as multifaceted organic and inorganic environments. For example, researchers have looked at the replication and spread of slime molds (playfully asking what would happen if they colonized the earth) to suggest that they exhibit 'smart behavior' in the way they move as a potential way of considering the spread of disease across the globe. Other scholars have applied this model of non-human thought to the reach of data mining and global surveillance. In The Biopolitics of Alphabets and Embryos, Ruth Miller argues that these types of phenomena are also useful models for thinking about the growth, reproduction, and spread of political thought and democratic processes. Giving slime, data and unbounded entities their political dues, Miller stresses their thinking power and political significance and thus challenges the anthropocentrism of mainstream democratic theories. Miller emphasizes the non-human as highly organized, systemic and productive of democratic growth and replication. She examines developments such as global surveillance, embryonic stem cell research, and cloning, which have been characterized as threats to the privacy, dignity, and integrity of the rational, maximizing and freedom-loving democratic citizen. By shifting her level of analysis from the politics of self-determining subjects to the realm of material environments and information systems, Miller asks what might happen if these alternative, nonhuman thought processes become the normative thought processes of democratic engagement.

The book "Green Technologies for the Environment" brings together experts in the field of biotechnology, chemistry, chemical engineering, environmental engineering and toxicology from both academia and industry, to discuss green processes for the environment. The topics included finding replacements for crude oil to meet both our energy needs as well as the supply of chemicals for the production of essential products, advances in chemical processing, waste valorization, alternative solvents, and developments in homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis as well as enzyme-based processes for chemical transformations. Advances in green chemistry concepts will further enhance the field through the design of new chemicals and solvents. In addition, obtaining a better understanding of the mechanistic pathways involved in various reactions is essential toward advances in the field. The goal of the work described in each of the chapters is to address the need for best practices for chemical processes and for the production of chemicals, while promoting sustainability.

Chiral molecules are ubiquitous in nature. Thus, it is not surprising to come across this phenomenon in the world of flavor substances. This book provides an overview on the analytical procedures currently applied to analyze chiral flavor substances at trace levels. It demonstrates several examples for the application of these techniques to determine naturally occurring enantiomeric compositions of chiral key flavor compounds in various natural systems. In addition to the analytical aspects, the contributions focus on the sensory properties of enantiomers and enlarge our knowledge on the correlation between configurations and odor properties and intensities of chiral flavor compounds. The practical importance of the topic is reflected by a discussion of merits and limitations of chiral analysis for the authenticity control of food flavorings. In addition, examples for the use of enzymes and microorganisms to obtain enantiopure flavor substances and thus to meet legal requirements for "natural" labeling are presented. Finally, the book covers aspects recently getting more and more in the focus of flavor science: What are the physiological mechanisms underlying the perception of sensory properties and does chirality matter in that respect?

Algae Based Bioelectrochemical Systems for Carbon Sequestration, Carbon Storage, Bioremediation and Bioproduct Generation explores the integration of carbon capture, storage and sequestration technologies with bioelectrochemical fuels cells (BEFC), showing how conventional technologies can be renovated to aid in the reduction in GHG emissions and simultaneously optimize BEFC performance. The book focuses on the integration of algal biogas upgradation with electrochemical systems, providing a guide to the renovation of conventional technologies to combine energy production and carbon sequestration. Chapters discuss the latest advancements in carbon sequestration biocatalyst and microbial platforms and integrations for rapid carbon biotransformations. In addition, the book highlights the potential of algae and chemolithotrophs as candidates for carbon delivery, biocatalyst orientation and architecture for optimal BEFC performance.

Valorization of Wastes for Sustainable Development: Waste to Wealth highlights the various valorization of organic and non-organic waste to offer a way forward to a sustainable world. Categorizing the various types of waste valorization for renewable fuel production and other valorizations utilizing organic and non-organic waste, this book offers the reader a comprehensive view of various waste valorizations together with their potential applications. Split into four sections, the book's chapters cover the general scenarios and challenges of current waste management and the valorization of waste specifically for renewable fuels as the alternative energy source to depleting fossil fuels. Other chapters cover waste valorizations categorized into organic and non-organic waste for various applications and the future prospect of waste valorizations with possible plans and strategies for effective global waste management.

Bioengineered Nanomaterials for Wound Healing and Infection Control is a key reference for those working in the fields of materials science, pharmacy, nanotechnology, biomedical engineering and microbiology. Bioengineered nanomaterials have unique physicochemical properties which promote accelerated wound healing and treatment of infections. The biosynthesis of these nanomaterials also offers a clean, safe and renewable alternative to traditional nanomaterials, helping reduce environmental impact alongside antibacterial resistance.

Smart Anticorrosive Materials: Trends and Opportunities covers new developments in nanoscale coatings and their current applications. The book addresses fundamental characteristics, synthesis, inhibition mechanisms and applications of green nanomaterials for educational (academic) as well as industrial purposes and provides a chronological overview of the growth of the field. The book concludes with discussions about commercialization, economics and environmental considerations. This will be an indispensable reference for scholars, chemical engineers, chemists and materials scientists working in R&D and academia who want to understand corrosion systems and modern advancements on smart coatings.

Biotechnology for Beginners, Third Edition presents the latest developments in the evolving field of biotechnology which has grown to such an extent over the past few years that increasing numbers of professional's work in areas that are directly impacted by the science. This book offers an exciting and colorful overview of biotechnology for professionals and students in a wide array of the life sciences, including genetics, immunology, biochemistry, agronomy and animal science. This book will also appeals to lay readers who do not have a scientific background but are interested in an entertaining and informative introduction to the key aspects of biotechnology. Authors Renneberg and Loroch discuss the opportunities and risks of individual technologies and provide historical data in easy-to-reference boxes, highlighting key topics. The book covers all major aspects of the field, from food biotechnology to enzymes, genetic engineering, viruses, antibodies, and vaccines, to environmental biotechnology, transgenic animals, analytical biotechnology, and the human genome.

Current Developments in Biotechnology and Bioengineering: Membrane Technology for Sustainable Water and Energy Management covers a variety of advanced technologies for membrane processes, including water/wastewater treatment and reuse, membrane materials, operation and maintenance, fouling control, life cycle assessment, removal of micro/emerging pollutants, and operational cost of membrane processes. Supported by prominent editors and global contributors, this reference contains chapters on membrane treatment strategies for the current pollution of complex organic matters, nutrients, toxic substances, microplastics, membrane fouling control in different water resources, and reusing water resources through promising separation technologies, including reverse osmosis, forward osmosis, and membrane distillation.

Next Generation Nanochitosan: Applications in Animal Husbandry, Aquaculture and Food Conservation provides comprehensive and state-of-the-art-information on the application of nanochitosan for improving products, especially for the evaluation of biological active molecules, disease therapeutics, transport vehicle for DNA, targeted drug delivery, gene therapy, development of smart and high performance of fish, preservation of foods, tissue engineering, and improving the taste of aquatic and animal feeds as fish growth promoter. this book will be especially useful for industrial fisheries who deal with wild capture fishing and aquafarming and scientists and engineers working on post-capture processing stages. Details on the application of nanochitosan as an effective delivery of vaccines, hormones, vitamins, nutrients and antioxidants, biological active constituents and their wider application for the protection and management of farm animals and fishes against disease-causing pathogens are provided.

Value Addition in Agri-Food Industry Waste through Enzyme Technology, Volume Three explores advances in the production of high value-added products from agri-food industry waste/residues using enzyme technology. Waste materials used in hydrogen production are categorized as agricultural waste, municipal waste, industrial waste, and other hazardous wastes. The book explores advances in value-addition to waste materials and includes utilization of industrial, agricultural and municipal waste for its bioconversion using enzyme technology. This book assembles the novel sources and technologies involved in value-added products formation from specific waste materials, making it an essential reference to professionals, scientists, and academics in agri-food and related industries.

Quantitative Perfusion MRI: Techniques, Applications, and Practical Considerations, Volume 11 clearly and carefully explains the basic theory and MRI techniques for quantifying perfusion non-invasively in deep tissue, covering all aspects of perfusion imaging, from acquisition requirements to selection of contrast agents and appropriate pharmacokinetic models and for reliable quantification in different diseases and tissue types. Specifically, this book enables the reader to understand what microvascular functional parameters can be measured with perfusion MRI, learn the basic techniques to measure perfusion in different organs, apply the appropriate perfusion MRI technique to the organ of interest, and much more. This complete reference on quantitative perfusion MRI is highly suitable for both early and experienced researchers, graduate students and clinicians wishing to understand how quantitative perfusion MRI can apply to their application area of interest.

De novo Peptide Design: Principles and Applications presents the latest developments in the fields of therapeutic peptides and bio-nanotechnology. The title focuses on the design of peptides, particularly how peptides may be tailored to specific functions. It includes computational and experimental protocols to assist in the design of peptides. Sections cover the basics of protein and peptide structure, modeling and simulation, solid phase peptide synthesis, peptide-based antibiotics, drug delivery, peptide nanomaterials, aromatic interactions directing nano-assembly, protein/peptide aggregation, therapeutic interventions against protein/peptide aggregation diseases, peptide based hydrogels, computational tools and algorithms for peptide design, and experimental protocols in peptide chemistry. In addition, the book covers key aspects in peptide design, providing a solution for researchers working within the 'peptidic universe' to create new therapeutic agents.

Applications of Next Generation Biosurfactants in the Food Sector provides detailed information on the sustainable approach to the utilization of biosurfactants as a next-generational green biotechnology to mitigate various problems encountered in the food industry. These biosurfactants help to reduce risks such as food spoilage, food poisoning, and post-harvest losses of fruits, vegetable, grains, tubers, cereals and pulses. This book will benefit academics, R&D professionals, and postgrad students in the food science and related fields as they explore recent trends in the application of these green biosurfactants and the many uses they can provide.

Novel Materials for Environmental Remediation Applications: Adsorption and Beyond presents detailed, comprehensive coverage of novel and advanced materials that can be applied to address the growing global concern of the pollution of natural resources in water, the air, and in soil. The book provides up-to-date knowledge of state-of-the-art materials and treatment processes, as well as details of applications, including adsorptive remediation and catalytic remediation. Chapters include the characteristics of materials, basic and important physicochemical features for environmental remediation applications, routes of synthesis, recent advances as remediation medias and future perspectives. This book offers an interdisciplinary and practical examination of novel materials and processes for environmental remediation that will be valuable to environmental scientists, materials scientists, environmental chemists, and environmental engineers alike.

Polyurea: Synthesis, Properties, Composites, Production, and Applications is a comprehensive and practical guide to polyurea, a material used for its exceptional properties and performance in a range of high value industrial applications. Sections cover polyurea formulations and properties, comparing aromatic polyurea with aliphatic polyurea and computation modeling of properties for polyurea and polyurea composites. This is followed by in-depth coverage of synthesis, structure and production methods of polyurea, with the connections between production, performance and properties examined thoroughly. Other sections explain the preparation, characterization, modeling and applications of polyurea and polyurea composites with the required properties for specific advanced applications. Finally, environmental issues, recycling and future potential of polyurea are considered. This is a valuable resource for researchers and advanced students in polymer science, chemistry, composite science, civil engineering, materials science and mechanical engineering, as well as R&D professionals, engineers and industrial scientists with an interest in polyurea-based materials for advanced applications.