This text describes the engineering achievement of the construction of the Channel Tunnel. Written by the key engineers involved, it provides a record of the project which should be of interest both to engineering professionals and the general reader. This book should be of interest to civil, geotechnical and railway engineers, civil engineering lecturers and students, and general readers.

An authoritative guide to the theory and practice of static and dynamic structures analysis Static and Dynamic Analysis of Engineering Structures examines static and dynamic analysis of engineering structures for methodological and practical purposes. In one volume, the authors - noted engineering experts - provide an overview of the topic and review the applications of modern as well as classic methods of calculation of various structure mechanics problems. They clearly show the analytical and mechanical relationships between classical and modern methods of solving boundary value problems. The first chapter offers solutions to problems using traditional techniques followed by the introduction of the boundary element methods. The book discusses various discrete and continuous systems of analysis. In addition, it offers solutions for more complex systems, such as elastic waves in inhomogeneous media, frequency-dependent damping and membranes of arbitrary shape, among others. Static and Dynamic Analysis of Engineering Structures is filled with illustrative examples to aid in comprehension of the presented material. The book: Illustrates the modern methods of static and dynamic analysis of structures; Provides methods for solving boundary value problems of structural mechanics and soil mechanics; Offers a wide spectrum of applications of modern techniques and methods of calculation of static, dynamic and seismic problems of engineering design; Presents a new foundation model. Written for researchers, design engineers and specialists in the field of structural mechanics, Static and Dynamic Analysis of Engineering Structures provides a guide to analyzing static and dynamic structures, using traditional and advanced approaches with real-world, practical examples.

This book deals with finite element analysis of structures and will be of value to students of civil, structural and mechanical engineering at final year undergraduate and post-graduate level. Practising structural engineers and researchers will also find it useful. Authoritative and up-to-date, it provides a thorough grounding in matrix-tensor analysis and the underlying theory, and a logical development of its application to structures.

This book examines the ways in which aluminium and its alloys satisfy the requirements of civil engineering structures and the applications in which they compete with steel. The first chapter presents aluminium alloys from the metallurgical and technological points of view which helps the engineer to understand the different designations and fabrication processes of alloys. In the second chapter aluminium alloys are presented as structural materials, the main differences from steel being emphasized from both the mechanical and cross-sectional properties points of view. The third chapter is devoted to specification aspects and provides the general lines of different international codes on safety, load and design criteria. Chapters four and five provide methods of analysis of welded connections and bolted connections, respectively, together with the presentation of different types of joint. Strength of members is examined in chapter six. References are provided at the end of each chapter. In this second edition, completely new chapters on fatigue design and fire resistance are included, and the chapter on stability is divided in two to take account of the new coverage of cylindrical

In the late 1990s composite materials offer structural engineers and architects exciting opportunities for all types of buildings and structures. As well as being light weight with excellent corrosion resistance, composite structures can be designed with improved properties compared to conventional structural materials, such as enhanced toughness and thermal properties. Composite materials have not yet found widespread application in construction. This is partly because many engineers do not have the necessary background expertise to take advantage of the properties and behaviour of composites. This text provides a comprehensive guide for engineers which will enable them to design composite structures with confidence. It integrates current knowledge on composites, bringing together information from various disciplines, such as materials science and aeronautical engineering, where composites are more widely used. The book gives thorough explanations of the mechanics of the structural concepts/forms best suited for advanced composites and presents simplified but exact methods of analysis for typical laminate orientations suitable for use in construction. It links the underlying mathe

Demand from building control officials for structural calculations - even for very simple projects - means that today's architects must have a thorough understanding of everyday structural concepts. Structures for Architects satisfies the need for a basic introduction to the structural problems encountered by the architect, surveyor and builder. This third edition reflects advances in recent techniques and refers to current Building Regulations and Codes of Practice. Students of architecture, building and surveying at degree, diploma or professional (RIBA, RICS, CIOB) examination level will find this book a valuable course text. Professionals in these fields who must perform structural calculations to satisfy building control authorities will also find it a useful handbook.

This book presents the current state of the art concerning creep in wood, timber and timber structures. It brings together up-to-date information from research and practice about the interaction between moisture changes and mechanical loading, which may lead to excessive deflections or joints movements in timber structures. Modelling of this interaction is a relatively recent development, with important applications in timber engineering, that will have consequences for national and international structural codes of practice. The importance of deflection requirements in design of timber structures is first explained, and basic knowledge of time-dependent deformations, creep and predictive models is reviewed. The next chapters discuss the sensitivity of creep to different environments, deformation kinetics, mechano-sorptive creep, time-dependent slip of joints and creep testing of wooden structural components. The last two chapters summarize the variation of moisture in timber and creep analysis of timber structures. Priority research needs are identified and an appendix reviews national building code creep factors. The book will be invaluable for researchers in the field of wood mechanics and timber engineering, and for engineers in the timber industry and technical centres throughout the world.

Special Structural Topics covers specialty structural situations for students and professional architects and engineers, such as soil mechanics, structural retrofit, structural integrity, cladding design, blast considerations, vibration, and structural sustainability. As part of the Architect's Guidebooks to Structures series, it provides a comprehensive overview using both imperial and metric units of measurement with more than 150 images. As a compact summary of key ideas, it is ideal for anyone needing a quick guide to specialty structural considerations.

Basic Structures provides the student with a clear explanation of structural concepts, using many analogies and examples. Real examples and case studies show the concepts in use, and the book is well illustrated with full colour photographs and many line illustrations, giving the student a thorough grounding in the fundamentals and a 'feel' for the way buildings behave structurally. With many worked examples and tutorial questions, the book serves as an ideal introduction to the subject.

The Channel Tunnel was a huge construction project, employing over 14,000 people at its peak, and costing over u11 billion of private money. This book follows the project, and shows how it has succeeded in spite of great financial, political and technical difficulties, and a fundamentally flawed contract. This book should be of interest to professionals involved in tunnelling, contractors, tunnelling and railway engineers, surveyors, planners; politicians; financiers; bankers and others concerned with planning or financing major projects; and the general reader interested in the story of the Tunnel.

Bearing Capacity of Roads, Railways and Airfields includes the contributions to the 10th International Conference on the Bearing Capacity of Roads, Railways and Airfields (BCRRA 2017, 28-30 June 2017, Athens, Greece). The papers cover aspects related to materials, laboratory testing, design, construction, maintenance and management systems of transport infrastructure, and focus on roads, railways and airfields. Additional aspects that concern new materials and characterization, alternative rehabilitation techniques, technological advances as well as pavement and railway track substructure sustainability are included. The contributions discuss new concepts and innovative solutions, and are concentrated but not limited on the following topics: * Unbound aggregate materials and soil properties * Bound materials characteritics, mechanical properties and testing * Effect of traffic loading * In-situ measurements techniques and monitoring * Structural evaluation * Pavement serviceability condition * Rehabilitation and maintenance issues * Geophysical assessment * Stabilization and reinforcement * Performance modeling * Environmental challenges * Life cycle assessment and sustainability Bearing Capacity of Roads, Railways and Airfields is essential reading for academics and professionals involved or interested in transport infrastructure systems, in particular roads, railways and airfields.

Structural engineering is central to the design of a building. How the building behaves when subjected to various forces the weight of the materials used to build it, the weight of the occupants or the traffic it carries, the force of the wind etc is fundamental to its stability. The alliance between architecture and structural engineering is therefore critical to the successful design and completion of the buildings and infrastructure that surrounds us. Yet structure is often cloaked in mathematics which many architects and surveyors find difficult to understand. How Structures Work has been written to explain the behaviour of structures in a clear way without resorting to complex mathematics. This new edition includes a new chapter on construction materials, and significant revisions to, and reordering of the existing chapters. It is aimed at all who require a good qualitative understanding of structures and their behaviour, and as such will be of benefit to students of architecture, architectural history, building surveying and civil engineering. The straightforward, non-mathematical approach ensures it will also be suitable for a wider audience including building administrators, archaeologists and the interested layman.

Landslides and slope failure are common in the US and rest of the world. The landslides cause significant damage to infrastructure and millions of dollars are required each year to fix the slope. A sustainable and costeffective option to stabilise the slope can have significant benefits, as it will reduce the cost of maintenance and when using recycled pins, it may help the environment at the same time. The recycled plastic pin is made from recycled plastic bottles and other plastic waste. Several demonstration projects already proved the effectiveness of RPP as an alternative option to fix slope failure, with a maximum failure depth of 7-8 ft. In this book, every detail of the slope stabilisation technique using recycled plastic pins, including the design techniques and several case studies, are included. This will help to explain the basics of this important technique and will be used as reference to design the slope stabilisation scheme using recycled plastic pins.

Building on the author's Structural Mechanics Fundamentals, this text presents a complete and uniform treatment of the more advanced topics in structural mechanics, ranging from beam frames to shell structures, from dynamics to buckling analysis, from plasticity to fracture mechanics, from long-span to high-rise civil structures. Plane frames Statically indeterminate beam systems: Method of displacements Plates and shells Finite element method Dynamics of discrete systems Dynamics of continuous elastic systems Buckling instability Long-span structures High-rise structures Theory of plasticity Plane stress and plane strain conditions Mechanics of fracture This book serves as a text for graduate students in structural engineering, as well as a reference for practising engineers and researchers.

Control of Microstructures and Properties in Steel Arc Welds provides an overview of the most recent developments in welding metallurgy. Topics discussed include common welding processes, the thermal cycle during welding, defects that may occur during the welding process, the metallurgy of the material, metallurgical processes in the heat-affected zone and the fused metal, and the relationship between microstructures and mechanical properties. The book's final chapter presents examples of welded joints, illustrating how modern theories are capable of predicting the microstructure and properties of these joints. This book is an excellent resource for welding engineers, metallurgists, materials scientists, and others interested in the subject.

The book forms the Proceedings of the 5th International Symposium on Tubular Structures, following previous events in Boston (1984), Tokyo (1986), Finland (1989), Delft (1991). Sponsored by British Steel, International Institute of Welding and CIDECT, it forms an important forum for advanced structural research and development. The contributions cover developments in design, planning fabrication and construction of structures, prestigious international developments, and the continuing work of research and development; which are proceeding throughout the world. These papers describe the innovative use of structural steel, while also indicating developments in the understanding of the behaviour of such structures, with refinement of design procedures. This book should be of interest to structural engineers in reserach and industry, offshore industry, and architects.

Guidelines for Design of Low-Rise Buildings Subjected to Lateral Forces is a concise guide that identifies performance issues, concerns, and research needs associated with low-rise buildings. The book begins with an introduction that discusses special problems with low-rise buildings subjected to wind and earthquakes. Chapter 2 examines probabilistic methods and their use in evaluating risks from natural hazards. It also addresses the characteristics of wind and seismic forces and levels of risk implied by building codes. Wind forces are covered in more detail in Chapter 3, with discussions of wind force concepts and wind-structure interactions. Chapter 4 is devoted to earthquake forces and traces the development of building codes for earthquake resistant design. Chapter 5 describes the main framing systems used to resist lateral forces and discusses the code requirements for drift control. The designs and requirements for connections between building elements are addressed in Chapter 6. It includes examples along with several illustrations of suitable connections. The performance of non-structural elements during wind and earthquake forces is also examined in detail.
This book serves as an important reference for civil engineers, construction engineers, architects, and anyone concerned with structural codes and standards. It is an excellent guide that can be used to supplement design recommendations and provide a design basis where there are no current requirements.

Construction Management: Theory and Practice is a comprehensive textbook for budding construction managers. The range of coverage makes the book essential reading for students studying management courses in all construction related disciplines and ideal reading for those with non-cognate degrees studying construction management masters courses, giving them a broad base of understanding about the industry. Part I outlines the main industry players and their roles in relation to the Construction Manager. Part II covers management theory, leadership and team working strategies. Part III details financial aspects including: sources of finance, appraisal and estimating, construction economics, whole life costing and life cycle analysis, bidding and tendering as well as procurement methods, types of contracts and project costing. Part IV covers construction operations management and issues such as supply chain management, health and safety, waste, quality and environmental management. Part V covers issues such as marketing, strategy, HRM, health, stress and well-being. Part VI concludes the book with reflections on the future of the industry in relation to the environment and sustainability and the role of the industry and its managers. The book keeps the discussion of current hot topics such as building information modelling (BIM), sustainability, and health and well-being included throughout and is packed with useful figures, tables and case studies from industry.

This book compiles techniques used to analyze composite structural elements ranging from beams through plates to stiffened shells. The content is suitable for graduate-level students with a basic background in mechanics of composite materials. Moreover, this book will be placed in an active spot on the bookshelves of composite structures designers as well as researchers.

Reinforced concrete structures are subjected to a complex variety of stresses and strains. The four basic actions are bending, axial load, shear, and torsion. Presently, there is no single comprehensive theory for reinforced concrete structural behavior that addresses all of these basic actions and their interactions. Furthermore, there is little consistency among countries around the world in their building codes, especially in the specifications for shear and torsion. Unified Theory of Reinforced Concrete addresses this serious problem by integrating available information with new research data, developing one unified theory of reinforced concrete behavior that embraces and accounts for all four basic actions and their combinations. The theory is presented in a systematic manner, elucidating its five component models from a pedagogical and historical perspective while emphasizing the fundamental principles of equilibrium, compatibility, and the constitutive laws of materials. The significance of relationships between models and their intrinsic consistencies are emphasized. This theory can serve as the foundation on which to build a universal design code that can be adopted internationally. In addition to frames, the book explains the fundamental concept of the design of wall-type and shell-type structures. Unified Theory of Reinforced Concrete will be an important reference for all engineers involved in the design of concrete structures. The book can also serve well as a text for a graduate course in structural engineering.

This is a compendium of invited papers focusing on earthquake resistant design of reinforced concrete buildings with an emphasis on: a) energy concepts and damage models in seismic analysis and design; and b) analysis and seismic behaviour of buildings with structural walls. It has long been recognized that energy input, absorption and dissipation are the most fundamental quantities controlling seismic performance. However, to this day, energy concepts have been ignored in earthquake resistant design because of apparent complexities in the quantification of energy demands, capacities and their implementation in the design process. The first part of this text illustrates how energy terms together with cumulative damage models can be utilized to provide quantitiative information useful for damage assessment and design. In the second part papers focus on modelling of the nonlinear static and dynamic response of structures containing walls and propose solution techniques intended to contribute to a more accurate prediction of seismic behaviour of such structures. This work details advances in seismic design and performance assessment of reinforced concrete buildings. It should be a val

A compilation of papers describing the geology, engineering properties and the hazards and design issues associated with the substrata of Melbourne and its surrounds. It includes the area from Geelong to Bacchus Marsch to the Dandenongs and Mornington Peninsula.

This book has the purpose of developing an understanding of the factors determining and influencing the shear behavior of soils, with emphasis on composite soils, as they are the most encountered materials in geological and geotechnical engineering in mountainous areas. This objective is reached by examining the soil compressibility, structure of shear zone and its evolution, and water content of shear zone and shear mode of soils together with analyses of the influences of intrinsic properties, e.g. Atterberg limits, particle size distribution, particle shape, and testing conditions, e.g. normal stress and shearing rate. An in-depth review is presented in an approximately chronological order and covers almost all the factors that are believed to influence the mechanical behavior of soils. The equipment and test techniques for shear strength of soils are detailed. The residual shear behavior of composite soil is investigated by means of a systematic laboratory testing program using a large ring shear apparatus and an intermediate direct shear box. The Fast Fourier Transform is employed for the first time to analyze the fluctuations of measured shearstress and discovers the close relationships with both intrinsic properties of soils and testing conditions. Although the book is aimed primarily at researchers in geological and geotechnical engineering, it contains material of interest to students of geology and soil science and also should be a useful reference for practicing engineers faced with composite soils.

This text uses fundamental theorems of structural mechanics to explain the connection between statics of structures and their deflections on the one hand, and the kinematics of structures and their equilibrium on the other. It develops the theory and techniques of finite element and non-linear analysis applicabale to computer software. This text brings a unified approach to the analysis of conventional truss and frame structures and the finite element approximation of the continuum via the priciples of virtual displacements and virtual forces. These principles can be succintly expressed in the form known as the contragredient law. Concepts of elasticity and elasto-plastic constitutive laws are discussed and a broad introduction given to the various approaches used in the finite element method. A treatment is then given for line element structures using both the force and the displacement method, and in the latter case, the theory is extended for non-linear large displacement analysis. Practical means are presented for the calculation of critical loads on such structures. Three chapters are devoted to the finite element method in which continuum thoery, torsion, heat transfer, plate