Immer starker werden private Wirtschaftsunternehmen dazu verpflichtet, die vielfaltigsten Hilfsdienste fur den Staat - zumeist unentgeltlich - wahrzunehmen. Diese Untersuchung setzt sich mit der Frage auseinander, welche finanzverfassungs- und grundrechtlichen Vorgaben der Gesetzgeber hierbei zu beachten hat. Entscheidende Bedeutung kommt dabei der Frage zu, ob beziehungsweise inwieweit der von der Sonderabgabenrechtsprechung des BVerfG vertretene verfassungsrechtliche Vorrang der Steuer, das sogenannte Steuerstaatsprinzip, auch in den Fallen einer solchen Indienstnahme Privater beachtet werden muss.

Das heutige Wucherverbot der 138 II BGB, 291 StGB ist das Ergebnis einer fur das 19. Jahrhundert exemplarischen Normenentwicklung. Dabei bildete die Zins-Wucher-Gesetzgebung den wesentlichen Ausgangspunkt fur die modernen Individualwucherbestimmungen. Vor allem jene Gesetzgebung und deren Veranderung in diesem Jahrhundert zeigt beispielhaft, wie sehr neue wirtschaftspolitische "Dogmen", allgemeinwirtschaftliche und gesellschaftliche Strukturen und die Legislative miteinander verknupft waren. Gegenstand dieser entwicklungsgeschichtlichen Betrachtung ist sowohl die Verdeutlichung der unmittelbaren Vorgeschichte des 138 II BGB, als auch die Darstellung jener engen Abhangigkeiten von rasanter wirtschaftlicher Entwicklung des 19. Jahrhunderts und sich dem anpassenden radikalen gesetzgeberischen Reaktionen. Zugleich wird die Suche des Gesetzgebers nach einer normierten Schnittmenge zwischen ungezugeltem Fortschrittsglauben und "liberalistischer Ideologie" einerseits und effektivem Schutz vor - vornehmlich auf dem Land auftretender - wucherischer Ausbeutung andererseits beleuchtet.

Die faktische Monopolstellung der Deutschen Telekom AG bei Ortsgesprachen fordert geradezu ein kommunales Engagement auf dem lokalen Telekommunikationsmarkt. Diese wissenschaftliche Eroerterung beschaftigt sich hauptsachlich mit den rechtlichen Fragestellungen, die sich kommunalen Telekommunikationsunternehmen stellen. Hierbei werden die Probleme, die sich aus dem Verfassungs-, Telekommunikations- sowie dem privaten und kommunalen Wirtschaftsrecht in diesem Zusammenhang ergeben, intensiv diskutiert. Zudem werden auch die wirtschaftlichen Rahmenbedingungen auf dem lokalen Telekommunikationsmarkt untersucht.

Alastair Hudson's The Law of Finance brings together, for the first time, in a single volume, the whole of international finance, as understood in English law. The volume is divided into two halves with section one considering the principles of the law of finance and section two considering the full range of modern financial techniques in their legal context. By explaining key concepts and practical issues, examining core principles and analysing the key areas of financial practice and the effects of the global meltdown, Professor Hudson provides an unparalleled work of breadth of scope and wealth of detail.

Der Autor legt eine Dokumentation und Analyse der Entwicklung der Praxis der europaischen Fusionskontrolle vor, die vor allem zwei Fragen nachgeht: Zum einen, ob und inwieweit nicht wettbewerbliche Gesichtspunkte in die Beurteilung von Zusammenschlussen nach der Fusionskontrollverordnung (FKVO) einfliessen bzw. einfliessen durfen. Zum anderen, ob und inwieweit wettbewerbliche Vorteile von Zusammenschlussen auf den betroffenen Markten bzw. auf Drittmarkten Berucksichtigung finden koennen. Der Autor richtet sich methodisch nicht nach vorgepragten Wettbewerbsleitbildern, sondern untersucht die FKVO aus ihren eigenen Entstehungs- und Wertungsgrundlagen heraus. Er konzentriert sich auf die belegbaren Wertungen des europaischen Rechts und die verlautbarten Zielsetzungen. Daraus ergibt sich, dass potentieller Wettbewerb bei Zusammenschlussen, die zu einer verstarkten Forschungs- und Entwicklungstatigkeit der beteiligten Unternehmen fuhren, zu Gunsten der beteiligten Unternehmen starker zu berucksichtigen ist. Auch allgemeinpolitische Gesichtspunkte sind in Ausnahmefallen zu berucksichtigen. Die FKVO enthalt zudem in Art. 2 die Moeglichkeit, eine wettbewerbliche Gesamtbilanz eines Zusammenschlusses aufzustellen. Beide Gesichtspunkte sind in der Praxis der Kommission bereits jetzt festzustellen und werden durch den Autor in den rechtlichen Rahmen der FKVO eingeordnet.

This book provides a compelling account of the rigging of benchmarks during and after the financial crisis of 2007-08. Written in clear language accessible to the non-specialist, it provides the historical context necessary for understanding the benchmarks - LIBOR, FOREX and the Gold and Silver Fixes - and shows how and why they have to be reformed in the face of rapid technological changes in markets. Though banks have been fined and a few traders have been jailed, justice will not be done until senior bankers are made responsible for their actions. Provocative and rigorously argued, this book makes concrete recommendations for improving the security of the financial services industry and holding bankers to account. -- .

Credit rating agencies (CRAs) are expected to provide investors with an informed and unbiased view on securities' debt risk; the risk that issuers will fail to make promised interest or principal payments when they are due. The agencies provide judgements on the creditworthiness of bonds issued by a wide spectrum of entities, including corporations, non-profit firms, special purpose entities, sovereign nations and state and municipal governments. This book explores the regulation and reform of credit rating agencies with a focus on their performance and failures in recent years.

Small jurisdictions have become significant players in cross-border corporate and financial services. Their nature, legal status, and market roles, however, remain under-theorized. Lacking a sufficiently nuanced framework to describe their functions in cross-border finance - and the peculiar strengths of those achieving global dominance in the marketplace - it remains impossible to evaluate their impacts in a comprehensive manner. This book advances a new conceptual framework to refine the analysis and direct it toward more productive inquiries. Bruner canvasses extant theoretical frameworks used to describe and evaluate the roles of small jurisdictions in cross-border finance. He then proposes a new concept that better captures the characteristics, competitive strategies, and market roles of those achieving global dominance in the marketplace - the "market-dominant small jurisdiction" (MDSJ). Bruner identifies the central features giving rise to such jurisdictions' competitive strengths - some reflect historical, cultural, and geographic circumstances, while others reflect development strategies pursued in light of those circumstances. Through this lens, he evaluates a range of small jurisdictions that have achieved global dominance in specialized areas of cross-border finance, including Bermuda, Dubai, Singapore, Hong Kong, Switzerland, and Delaware. Bruner further tests the MDSJ concept's explanatory power through a broader comparative analysis, and he concludes that the MDSJs' significance will likely continue to grow - as will the need for a more effective means of theorizing their roles in cross-border finance and the global dynamics generated by their ascendance.

This book explains how the self regulatory system for U.S. securities firms works with three tiers of supervision. Overseeing the whole system is the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, which directly supervises the self-regulatory organizations such as the New York Stock Exchange and the National Association of Securities Dealers. In turn, these self-regulatory organizations oversee the broker-dealers who conduct the daily business of buying and selling securities. The system relies heavily on the firms' internal supervisory systems to prevent violations of securities laws, since they are in the best position to track their own internal activities. Firms may be fined, or subject to even more stringent penalties, if their supervisory systems fail. This book is an in-depth examination of how this regulatory system works, the types of regulatory problems with which broker-dealer firms must deal, why some firms have more problems than others, and what the experience with the system suggests about ways of improving self regulatory systems generally.

There are over 60 offices of inspectors general in executive and legislative branch agencies, as well as special inspectors general, who are responsible for audits and investigations related to particular programs or expenditures. Inspectors General draw their authorities and duties from the Inspector General Act of 1978. This book addresses the duties and functions of statutory Inspectors General (IGs); the numbers of each type of IG; the differences between IGs appointed by the President and those appointed by the agency head; considerations for whether certain IGs should be appointed by the President as opposed to the agency head; and, the Inspector General Reform Act of 2008.

The Nordic tax systems have recently undergone dramatic changes. Tax bases have been broadened, marginal tax rates have been cut, and the Nordic countries have abandoned the traditional income tax in favour of a 'dual' income tax combining progressive taxation of labour income with a low flat tax rate on capital income. Nordic governments have also experimented with new innovative methods of taxing business income. This book evaluates the Nordic tax reforms in the light of recent advances in the theory of taxation.

"Die Arbeit wurde mit dem Foerderpreis 2000 der Heinz Ansmann-Stiftung ausgezeichnet" Der Mehrheitsaktionar einer Aktiengesellschaft kann Interessen verfolgen, die dem Ziel der Maximierung des Beteiligungswerts der Gesellschaft entgegen stehen. Diese Arbeit setzt sich mit der Frage auseinander, wie die Minderheitsaktionare vor den Interessen des Mehrheitsaktionars geschutzt werden koennen. Zu diesem Zweck wird eingangs untersucht, welchen Anspruchen der Minderheitenschutz aus gesamtwirtschaftlicher Sicht genugen muss. An diesen Massstaben wird der nach deutschem Recht gultige Schutz fur Minderheitsaktionare abhangiger Aktiengesellschaften ( 291-318 AktG) gemessen. Es wird gezeigt, dass das deutsche Recht keinen aus gesamtwirtschaftlicher Sicht geeigneten Schutzumfang bieten kann. Die Arbeit beschaftigt sich deshalb mit der Frage, ob eine UEbernahmeregelung die gesamtwirtschaftlichen Anspruche erfullt, die an ein Schutzsystem fur Minderheitsaktionare zu stellen sind und wie eine UEbernahmeregelung gestaltet werden muss, um diesen Anspruchen gerecht zu werden.

Law Reform and Financial Markets addresses how law reform can be used to support strong financial markets and draws on the Global Financial Crisis as a case study. This edited collection reflects recent developments, including the EU institutional reforms and Dodd-Frank Act 2010. The different contributions adopt a range of theoretical, contextual, and substantive perspectives, examine different domestic, regional, and international contexts and assess public and private law frameworks in considering how legal and regulatory reforms can be most effectively designed for strong financial markets. This comprehensive book will appeal to academics and postgraduates in the field of financial regulation and in cognate fields, including finance and economics, as well as to regulators and policy makers. Contributors include: K. Alexander, E. Avgouleas, J. Black, M.A.H. Dempster, N. Dorn, C.A. Johnson, E.A. Medova, P. Morris, I. Ramsay, J. Roberts, A. Waclawik-Wejman, T. Williams, S. Zhu

Das Furstentum Liechtenstein ist das einzige kontinentaleuropaische Land, das eine ausdruckliche Regelung des Trust (Treuhanderschaft/Treuunternehmen) und der privatrechtlichen Anstalt in sein Rechtssystem aufgenommen hat. Einen Schwerpunkt dieser Untersuchung bildet die gesellschaftsrechtliche Darstellung der unterschiedlichen Rechtsformen. Dabei sollen die Vorteile der liechtensteinischen Besteuerung von Sitz- und Holdinggesellschaften erlautert werden. In dieser steuerlichen Privilegierung liegt ein wesentlicher Grund fur die Attraktivitat des Standortes Liechtenstein. Von besonderer Bedeutung fur die Beurteilung der finanziellen und wirtschaftlichen Vorteilhaftigkeit fur deutsche Kapitalanleger ist die zivil- und steuerrechtliche Behandlung in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland.

A perfect companion to Bribery Abroad, this book continues the story of the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA)- America's far-reaching law against overseas bribery. It talks about notable cases, shows how the FCPA works, and tells what companies and individuals must do to comply with the law. Written in a style and language suitable for anyone who wants a better understanding of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, Bribery Everywhere brings its subject to life. It is sure to be a great addition to the bookshelves of lawyers and laymen who want to know more about the FCPA. And it will become an important part of compliance training programs everywhere.

How the City of London Works presents a simple, straightforward explanation of the City, how it works and how it is regulated. Diagrams, maps and illustrations have been included throughout the text to create a clear and readable picture of one of the world's great financial trading centres. The work remains up to date by including the launch of the Euro, the growth of foreign ownership and the further development of City activities in Canary Wharf.

Topics covered in this book include: jurisdictions of the world, principles of world insolvency law, bank term loans and syndicated credits, international bond issues and capital markets, trusts in financial transactions, set-off and netting, payment and securities clearing systems, and security interests and title finance.

This new work provides integrated analysis of and guidance on the Prospectus Regulation 2017, civil liability for a misleading prospectus, and securities litigation in a European context. The prospectus rules are one of the cornerstones of the EU Capital Markets Union and analysis of this aspect of harmonisation, the areas not covered by the rules, and the impact of Brexit, provides valuable reference for all advising and researching this field. The first Part serves as an introduction to the volume with relevant context. Part II discusses the subjects of Prospectus Regulation from both a legal and economic perspective. Each chapter within Part II focuses on a key subject of the new Prospectus Regulation, providing an in-depth analysis of each issue. Part III of the work explains the domestic law on liability for a misleading prospectus, this issue being omitted from the Regulation. The law and practice in each of the key capital markets centres in Europe is analysed, with the UK chapter covering the issues and possible solutions under Brexit. There is full consideration of conflicts of laws issues with reference to the Brussels I regulation, and the Rome I and II Regulations. The influence of the EU Prospectus rules on private law is also addressed.

"The richness, clarity and nuances of the structure and methodology followed by the contributors make the book a very valuable tool for students... seeking to obtain a general understanding of the market and how it is regulated." - Ligia Catherine Arias Barrera, Banking & Finance Law Review The fully updated edition of this user-friendly textbook continues to systematise the European law governing capital markets and examines the underlying concepts from a broadly interdisciplinary perspective. The 3rd edition deals with 3 central developments: the project of the capital markets union; sustainable finance; and the further digitalisation of financial instruments and securities markets. The 1st chapter deals with the foundations of capital markets law in Europe, the 2nd explains the basics, and the 3rd examines the regime on market abuse. Chapter 4 explores the disclosure system and chapter 5 short-selling and high-frequency trading. The role of intermediaries, such as financial analysts, rating agencies, and proxy advisers, is described in chapter 6. Chapter 7 explains compliance and corporate governance in investment firms and chapter 8 illustrates the regulation of benchmarks. Finally, chapter 9 deals with public takeovers. Throughout the book emphasis is placed on legal practice, and frequent reference is made to the key decisions of supervisory authorities and courts. This is essential reading for students involved in the study of capital markets law and financial law.