This book examines the relatively recent and under-explored phenomenon of outward foreign direct investment (FDI) from the large emerging market countries, focusing on the four BRIC states (Brazil, Russia, India, and China) and on the services sector meaning primarily telecommunications, finance, and transport. It considers the international legal framework governing FDI, discussing the nature and extent of the bilateral and regional investment treaty commitments undertaken by each of the BRIC states, including their commitments under the WTO General Agreement on Trade in Services, as well as their obligations as members of the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank. Drawing on trends observed in the regulatory approach of these countries to FDI in services, including the observed flow of FDI both to and now from the developing world, the book proposes a multilateral investment treaty aimed at the liberalization and protection of FDI in services. The treaty will capture the emerging equilibrium in global FDI patterns signifying a unified approach to the regulation of foreign investment in the growing services economy by developing and developed economies alike. The treaty will strengthen the legitimacy of investor-state dispute settlement and recognize public interest norms such as environmental protection and human rights as well as allow signatories to retain sovereignty over matters relating to national security and economic stability.

This text remains the only book to analyse corporate internal investigations on an international level, covering the applicable law in each jurisdiction and providing guidance on how an integrated international investigation should be conducted. Since the first edition of the book, the area of corporate internal investigations has grown in importance and recognition. Demands for investigations are on the rise as the internal markets and the press become ever more critical of unethical corporate behaviour, and demand higher standards and closer regulation. The new edition of Corporate Internal Investigations addresses the recent legislative changes, including the long-awaited UK Bribery Act, and the new rules on whistleblowing and the Dodd Frank Act in the US. Many of these developments, including the adoption of OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) based anti-corruption legislation by countries such as Russia, China and India, will increase enforcement activity and the need for investigations. The need for advice and guidance on internal investigations is also increasing as companies move into emerging markets and face much greater risk. This second edition provides a vital tool in assisting companies and their legal advisers with planning for and conducting internal corporate investigations.

The early twenty-first century has seen a conspicuous absence of formal international law concerning money and finance. This book argues that this lack of formal international regulation was a significant contributing factor to the global financial crisis that began in 2007. It focuses on this lack of global substantive principles and 'hard law' rules in the field of financial regulation and monetary affairs, and analyses the emerging framework within international law that aims to govern financial institutions and markets. The global financial crisis has demonstrated the essential need for financial and monetary regulatory reform, and for the establishment of appropriate mechanisms for the settlement of financial disputes and for the regulation of cross-border financial institutions. This book therefore presents the foundations of solutions that could fill these critical gaps in international financial law. It addresses cross-border issues, financial regulation, and provides detailed analyses of monetary policies and regulation. This book is an updated collection of papers first published in the Special Edition of the Journal of International Economic Law on 'The Quest for International Law in Financial Regulation and Monetary Affairs' (Volume 12, Number 3, September 2010), which also show that the regulatory hands-off approach was not replicated in other areas of international economic law. International trade regulation witnessed an increased number of international rules and the reinforcement of a rule-oriented, if not rule-based, approach. Judicial dispute settlement and retaliation, exclusively based upon international ruling and authorization, was reinforced. Given the importance of trade regulation and WTO law, which has an established institutional and legal framework, the book therefore provides a much-needed comparative approach.

This comprehensive account of financial regulation and supervision in times of crisis analyses the complex changes under way regarding the new financial regulatory structures in the EU. Focusing on the organisation of financial supervision, it deals with the background to the reforms, the architecture of the regulatory system, the likely implications for the financial institutions and the challenge of international co-operation. Changes in the US have been heavily criticised and in Europe a brand new regulatory system with three new regulatory agencies and a systemic risk board has been developed. National systems are in the process of being updated. International cooperation, although still difficult, has made progress, with the Financial Stability Board now acting on behalf of the G.20. Central bank cooperation has improved significantly and in the meantime, sectoral regulations are being adapted in full speed, such as Basel III, AIDMD, MiFID and many others. This book gives an overall view of these complex changes. The first section of the book provides an assessment of the reforms and considers the background to their making. In the section on regulatory structure there is analysis of the new regulatory bodies, their complex competences and actions. The book also takes a critical look at their likely effectiveness. The final section of the work considers the actual implementation of the new rules in a cross-border context.

"The ultimate legal manual for anyone in the publishing industry." -Independent Publisher In The Law (in Plain English) (R) for Publishers, Leonard DuBoff and Amanda Bryan tackle the many legal considerations of the publishing world. Both new and seasoned publishers and industry professionals will find the information they need as the authors break down the intricacies of the business in thorough yet concise explanations. Chapters cover important topics such as: Privacy, defamation, and other content issues Copyright basics, protection, and infringement Negotiating with authors and literary agents Contract terms Books in the digital age Publishing as a business Tax considerations An indispensable reference, The Law (in Plain English) (R) for Publishers belongs on the shelves of all publishers, industry professionals, and enterprising authors.

Der Autor untersucht die Grenzen internationaler Schiedsvereinbarungen im Hinblick auf international zwingende Sachnormen (sog. Eingriffsnormen). Kann die Schiedseinrede mit dem Argument zuruckgewiesen werden, das vereinbarte Schiedsgericht werde eine Eingriffsnorm, die fur nationale Gerichte zwingend sei, nicht beachten? Oder hat das abredewidrig angerufene Gericht die Parteien dennoch auf das schiedsrichterliche Verfahren zu verweisen? Zur Klarung dieser Frage erfolgt eine umfangreiche Analyse zum Umgang mit Eingriffsnormen in der Schiedsgerichtsbarkeit sowie eine Auswertung der Schiedspraxis. Auf dieser Grundlage entwickelt der Autor einen detaillierten Loesungsvorschlag aus der Sicht eines deutschen Gerichts und wendet diesen auf praktisch relevante Beispielsfalle an.

In The End of Negotiable Instruments: Bringing Payment Systems Law Out of the Past, author James Rogers challenges the basic assumptions of the law of checks and notes and its history, and provides a well-reasoned account of how the law could be changed to better suit the evolution of new payment technologies.
The modern American law of payment systems is in disarray. Efforts to create a unified body of law for payment systems have so far been unsuccessful. Part of the reason for that failure is the assumption that the existing law works well for the traditional paper-based check system, and that problems have been created only by the evolution of new technologies. The End of Negotiable Instruments argues that this assumption is unfounded. The basic law of checks is itself anachronistic. There are no other books that undertake a similar analysis--there are legal treatises on the law of checks and notes, but all of them take for granted the basic assumptions challenged in this book. Several articles were published in the late twentieth century concerning the dispute over the application of certain doctrines of traditional negotiable instruments law to modern consumer finance transactions, but none of this literature went on to consider the broader question of whether there is anything worthwhile left in negotiable instruments law.

Der Autor geht der Frage nach, welche Mitteilungspflichten bei Finanzinstrumenten nach der novellierten Transparenz-Richtlinie bestehen. Die den Mitteilungspflichten zugrunde liegende Beteiligungstransparenz bezweckt, Beherrschungsverhaltnisse, Aktionarsstruktur und Veranderungen massgeblicher Beteiligungen bei bestimmten Emittenten offenzulegen. Finanzinstrumente, die bisher keiner Publizitatspflicht unterlagen, ermoeglichten einen heimlichen Beteiligungsaufbau an Unternehmen ("Anschleichen"). Die korrespondierenden Regelungen sind derart erweitert worden, dass "hidden ownership" und das "Anschleichen" an Unternehmen nach Umsetzung der neuen Regelungen in nationales Recht der Mitgliedstaaten weitestgehend der Vergangenheit angehoeren durften.

With the growth of the global economy over the past two decades, foreign direct investment (FDI) laws, at both the national and international levels, have undergone rapid development in order to strengthen the protection standards for foreign investors. In terms of international investment law, a network of international investment agreements has arisen as a way to address FDI growth. FDI backlash, reflective of more restrictive regulation, has also emerged. The Evolving International Investment Regime analyzes the existing challenges to the international investment regime, and addresses these challenges going forward. It also examines the dynamics of the international regime, as well as a broader view of the changing global economic reality both in the United States and in other countries. The content for the book is a compendium of articles by leading thinkers, originating from the International Investment Conference "What's New in International Investment Law and Policy?"

Haftungsnormen uber die ordnungsgemasse Kapitalmarktinformation fuhren nicht nur zur individuellen Kompensation des von dem Geschadigten erlittenen Schadens, sondern starken zugleich das Vertrauen der Kapitalanleger und damit die Integritat und die Funktionsfahigkeit eines Finanzmarktes insgesamt. Unter dem Gesichtspunkt der Ausgleichsfunktion koennen die individuellen Schadensersatzanspruche eine hohe Praventivwirkung entfalten. Wahrend sich die Emittentenhaftung fur fehlerhafte Kapitalmarktinformation in Deutschland grundsatzlich allein auf den Emittenten richtet, ist sie in Korea nicht nur auf diesen beschrankt. Die Haftung erstreckt sich uber das Organmitglied hinaus auch auf Ausubende bestimmter Berufe, von denen man hinsichtlich ihrer beruflichen Ausbildung eine besondere Vertrauenswurdigkeit erwartet. Das Buch liefert einen umfassenden Vergleich der Schadensersatzhaftung fur fehlerhafte Kapitalmarktinformationen boersennotierter Aktiengesellschaften in beiden Landern.

Die Markte, an denen Finanzinstrumente gehandelt werden, haben sich in den letzten Jahrzehnten drastisch verandert und entwickelten sich von physischen Marktplatzen mit Handlern zu komplexen Computernetzwerken, die ohne menschliche Interaktion Marktdaten empfangen, auswerten und eigene Entscheidungen treffen. Seit der MiFID-Gesetzgebung sind diese Markte aufsichtsrechtlich fragmentiert und es bedarf eines Marktordnungsrechts bestehend aus Transparenz- und Best Execution-Vorschriften, um den potentiellen negativen Effekten der Marktfragmentierung entgegenzuwirken und die Funktionsfahigkeit der Sekundarmarkte zu gewahrleisten. Ausnahmen, die bestehen, wenn Orders im Vorhandelsbereich nicht transparent gemacht werden (verborgene Liquiditat), koennen die Effektivitat des Marktordnungsrechts beeintrachtigen.

Bei einem vorgepragten Ermessen kann nach der Rechtsprechung des Bundesfinanzhofs auf die Begrundung des Ermessens verzichtet werden. Diese Folge uberrascht, weil eine mangelnde Begrundung der Ermessensentscheidung grundsatzlich einen Ermessensfehler indiziert. Die Arbeit analysiert diese Rechtsprechung. Anschliessend geht sie auf die dieser Figur zumindest eng verwandte Form des intendierten Ermessens ein. Jan Popel differenziert zwischen den beiden Begriffen und ordnet sie in die Ermessensdogmatik ein. Beide Figuren sind von der Ermessensreduzierung auf Null abzugrenzen. Der Autor macht einen rechtspolitischen Vorschlag. Das Ermessen ist in bestimmten Konstellationen vorgepragt oder intendiert. Eine Begrundung der Ermessenserwagungen ist in beiden Fallen nicht erforderlich.

Soll das Urheberrecht im Internet Verbotsrecht oder Teilhaberecht sein? Diese kritische Grundfrage nach der ratio legis stellt der Autor und diskutiert ein rechtlich und oekonomisch fundiertes Loesungsmodell. Angesichts automatisierbarer Abrechnungsmoeglichkeiten entfallt im Internet zunehmend der Bedarf nach Kontrolle uber die Werkdistribution. Stattdessen kommt es darauf an, Urheber starker in Wertschoepfungsspielraume zu integrieren. Das derzeitige urheberrechtliche Verwertungsrecht ist nach Einschatzung des Autors hierfur ungeeignet, weil es zu eng an der Loesung von vergangenen Konflikten und weniger an realer Teilhabemaximierung orientiert ist. Der Autor geht dem ursprunglich definierten Schutzbedarf fur das Urheberrecht auf den Grund und entwickelt hieraus die Idee fur ein Teilhabemodell, dass grundsatzlich ohne Upload-Filter oder Abmahnungen funktioniert.

Combining perspectives from practice, legal theory and doctrinal analysis, this book presents a comprehensive examination of the questions facing the current understanding and future application of corporate finance law, such as the optimal adaptation of regulation in highly dynamic settings and the scope for innovation in legal markets in light of the current debt crisis.
Corporate Finance Law in the UK and EU considers areas of corporate finance that are likely to be of key importance in the next few years including regulatory reforms, which are of present concern. It also addresses timely and important questions such as the impact of higher interest rates on capital markets strategies and how directors should balance the demands for disclosure and transparency with the cost of compliance.
Bringing together contributions from over 20 international leading academic and practitioner experts in this area, this book provides a comparative perspective of equity financing, debt financing, European law and policy, and practical research on how to improve and solve current problems related to corporate finance.

Das Buch befasst sich mit der Teilnahme des Staates als Partei an verwaltungs- und zivilrechtlichen Schiedsverfahren. Nach Darstellung der einfach-rechtlichen Grundlagen wird der Frage nachgegangen, inwiefern gerade die Zunahme von oeffentlich-privaten Partnerschaften in Deutschland auch zu einem Bedeutungszuwachs der Schiedsgerichtsbarkeit im Verhaltnis zur oeffentlichen Hand gefuhrt hat. Zu diesem Zweck analysiert der Autor eine Reihe entsprechender Vorhaben und pruft, ob die Parteien fur Konflikte alternative Streitloesungsmechanismen in den Projektvertragen vereinbart haben. Sodann wird untersucht, ob sich die Teilnahme des Staates an Schiedsverfahren im Einklang mit seinen grundgesetzlichen Bindungen befindet. Einen Schwerpunkt der Eroerterungen bilden dabei Probleme der Transparenz.

Das Buch behandelt den Verjahrungsbeginn nach 199 Abs. 1 BGB bei Anspruchen von AG und GmbH gegen ihre Geschaftsleiter. Ziel ist es, umfassend zu klaren, durch wessen Kenntnis auf Organebene und unterhalb der Organebene der Verjahrungsbeginn bewirkt wird. Der Verfasser kommt zu dem Ergebnis, dass fur den Verjahrungsbeginn entgegen der herrschenden Meinung auf die Kenntnis des Organs abzustellen ist, das im Rahmen der internen Willensbildung uber die Geltendmachung des Anspruchs gegen den Geschaftsleiter entscheidet. Daneben ist fur den Verjahrungsbeginn auf sog. Wissensvertreter abzustellen. AG und GmbH unterliegen im Rahmen des 199 Abs. 1 BGB keiner Wissensorganisationspflicht.

Geraten zu einer Unternehmensgruppe verbundene Rechtstrager in die Insolvenz, stellt dies nicht nur fur die Beteiligten, sondern auch fur das Insolvenzrecht eine grosse Herausforderung dar. Mit dem Ziel, insbesondere die speziell aus der Gruppenverbundenheit resultierenden Werte in und uber die Insolvenz hinaus zu bewahren, stehen die auf die Einzelinsolvenz zugeschnittenen Regelungen der InsO und der EuInsVO seit langem auf dem Prufstand. Der Autor untersucht die dahingehenden deutschen Reformansatze sowie die neuen Regelungen der EuInsVO. Dabei zeigt er, dass der Schlussel zur erfolgreichen Bewaltigung von Insolvenzen innerhalb einer Unternehmensgruppe vorrangig in einer Zustandigkeitskonzentration liegt; und zwar sowohl auf Gerichts-, als auch auf Verwalterebene.

Die Autorin untersucht den Ausgleich der widerstreitenden Interessen des Emittenten, des Grossaktionars und der Minderheitsaktionare bei einem freiwilligen und einem zwangsweisen Delisting in Deutschland und Sudkorea. Beide Rechtsordnungen versuchen auf unterschiedliche Weise, einen Ausgleich zwischen dem Anlegerschutz als Individualschutz und dem Funktionsschutz der Boerse bei einem Delisting zu erreichen. Ein Delisting auf Initiative des Emittenten darf in beiden La ndern nur stattfinden, wenn die Minderheitsaktiona re ein Kaufangebot fu r ihre Aktien erhalten. In Sudkorea handelt es sich bei den Delisting-Kriterien fur ein zwangsweises Delisting um ein praventives System, das dazu eingesetzt wird, gute von schlechten Emittenten an der Boerse zu unterscheiden.

The Law of Institutional Investment Management fills a gap for a work that describes the custom and practice of the institutional investment management industry with reference to both English law and to the European regulatory framework. The governing theme of the work is the structure of the institutional investement process. The work seeks to define the legal risks that an institutional investor who invests in the financial markets through a professional investment manager must be aware of, both in relation to the investment manager and in relation to the financial markets. The analysis addresses the key investment strategies and management styles, the investment manager's responsibility for delivering investment returns through asset allocation and asset selection decisions, the execution of those decisions, and the management of conflicts. The discussion includes an in-depth analysis of the modi operandi of various trading venues, the structure and legal aspects of key financial market transactions (including on-exchange and OTC traded derivatives, and securities lending and repo transactions), and the legal aspects of cash and securities movements in connection with settlement and collateralisation of those financial market transactions.

The scope of protection offered to foreign investors by EU law has become a matter of intense political debate. Neo-protectionist policies are on the rise within EU Member States, who are struggling to acclimatize to increasing inward direct investment from developing countries. Strict regulations are being implemented to control the flow of this investment, undermining the principle of free movement of capital. Are such policies permitted under EU law? What impact does EU law have on foreign direct investment? This book addresses these questions through a coherent doctrinal reconstruction of the EC Treaty provisions on free movement of capital in a third country context.
Opening with a timely restatement of the central features of the EU law of free movement of capital, the book then asks the central question: What rights does a private market participant, engaged in cross-border direct investment originating from or directed to a non-EU Member State, enjoy by virtue of the EC Treaty? The book argues that in principle, the provisions on free movement of capital apply the same liberal standards irrespective of whether intra Community or third country direct investment is involved. Hence, those who participate in third country direct investment enjoy essentially the same guarantees by virtue of the provisions on free movement of capital as those active in intra Community direct investment. Having established the legal doctrine, the book then examines the limits on restrictions to free movement, including financial regulation and discriminatory tax regimes.

U.S. International Investment Agreements is the definitive interpretative guide to the United States' bilateral investment treaties (BITs) and free trade agreements (FTAs) with investment chapters. Providing an authoritative look at the development of the BIT program, treatment provisions, expropriation, and other provisions, Kenneth J. Vandevelde draws on his years of investment treaty and agreement expertise as both a former practitioner and a scholar. This unique and well-organized book analyzes the development of U.S. international investment agreement language and strategy within their historical context. It also explains the newest changes to the model negotiating text (US Model BIT 2004) and additional treaties.

Less than a decade after the Financial Crisis, we are witnessing the fast emergence of a new financial order driven by three different, yet interconnected, dynamics: first, the rapid application of technology - such as big data, machine learning, and distributed computing - to banking, lending, and investing, in particular with the emergence of virtual currencies and digital finance; second, a disintermediation fuelled by the rise of peer-to-peer lending platforms and crowd investment which challenge the traditional banking model and may, over time, lead to a transformation of the way both retail and corporate customers bank; and, third, a tendency of de-bureaucratisation under which new platforms and technologies challenge established organisational patterns that regulate finance and manage the money supply. These changes are to a significant degree driven by the development of blockchain technology. The aim of this book is to understand the technological and business potential of the blockchain technology and to reflect on its legal challenges. The book mainly focuses on the challenges blockchain technology has so far faced in its first application in the areas of virtual money and finance, as well as those that it will inevitably face (and is partially already facing, as the SEC Investigative Report of June 2017 and an ongoing SEC securities fraud investigation show) as its domain of application expands in other fields of economic activity such as smart contracts and initial coin offerings. The book provides an unparalleled critical analysis of the disruptive potential of this technology for the economy and the legal system and contributes to current thinking on the role of law in harvesting and shaping innovation.

As Baby Boomers make the transition into their 60s, they have focused policymakers and the media's attention onto how this generation will manage the retirement phase of its lifetime. This volume acknowledges that many, though not all, in this older cohort have accumulated substantial assets, so for them, the question is what will they do with what they have?
We offer a detailed exploration of how people entering retirement will deploy their accumulated assets in the near and long term, so to best meet their myriad spending, investment, and other objectives. The book offers readers an invaluable study of emerging issues regarding assets and expectations on the verge of retirement, including uncertainty regarding life expectancy and morbidity. It is composed of chapters from a distinguished set of authors including a Nobel Laureate and a wonderful mix of academics and practitioners from the legal, financial, and economic fields.
This volume represents an invaluable addition to the Pension Research Council / Oxford University Press series. It will be especially useful for analysts and consumers concerned with ways to position, invest, manage, and spend retirement assets; financial advisers and academics debating ways to effectively manage assets in retirement; and lawyers and policy experts evaluating regulation for the retirement payout marketplace.

The Oxford Handbook series is a major new initiative in academic publishing. Each volume offers an authoritative and state-of-the-art survey of current thinking and research in a particular subject area. Specially commissioned essays from leading international figures in the discipline give critical examinations of the progress and direction of debates. Oxford Handbooks provide scholars and graduate students with compelling new perspectives upon a wide range of subjects in the humanities and social sciences.
The Oxford Handbook of International Investment Law aims to provide the first truly exhaustive account of the current state and future development of this important and topical field of international law.
The Handbook is divided into three main parts. Part One deals with fundamental conceptual issues, Part Two deals with the main substantive areas of law, and Part Three deals with the major procedural issues arising out of the settlement of international investment disputes.
The book has a policy-oriented introduction, setting the more technical chapters that follow in their policy environment within which contemporary norms for international foreign investment law are evolving. The Handbook concludes with a chapter written by the editors to highlight the major conclusions of the collection, to identify trends in the existing law, and to look forward to the future development of this field.