A growing interest has been shown recently in the dymanics of nitrogen in agricultural and natural ecosystems. This has been caused by increasing demands for food and fibre by a rapidly expanding world population, and by a growing concern that increased land clearing, cultivation and use of both fertilizer and biologically fixed nitrogen can have detrimental effects on the environment. These include effects on water quality, eutrophication of surface waters and changes in atmospheric composition all caused by increased cycling of nitrogenous compounds. The input and availability of nitrogen frequently affects the productivity of farming systems more than any other single management factor, but often the nitrogen is used inefficiently. Much of the fertilizer nitrogen applied to the soil is not utilised by the crop: it is lost either in solution form, by leaching of nitrate, or in gaseous forms as ammonia, nitrous oxide, nitric oxide or dinitrogen. The leached nitrate can contaminate rivers and ground waters, while the emitted ammonia can contaminate surface waters or combine with atmospheric sulfur dioxide to form aerosols which affect visibility, health and climate. There is also concern that increased evolution of nitrous oxide will deplete the protective ozone layer of the stratosphere. The possibility of a link between the intensity of agricultural use of nitrogen, nitrous oxide emissions and amounts of stratospheric ozone has focussed attention on these interactions.

The seventh volume of Water-in-Plants Bibl iography includes papers in al I fields of plant water relations research which appeared during the year 1981 - from theoreti- cal considerations about the state of water in cel Is and its membrane transport to drought resistance of plants or physiological significance of irrigation. In addition to papers devoted entirely to plant water relations, papers on other topics are in- cluded if they contain data on plant hydration level, water vapour efflux, rate of water uptake or water transport, etc., or if they contain valuable methodological in- formation (measurement of selected microcl imatic factors, soi I moisture etc.). We have tried to cover fully the relevant papers which have been publ ished in the most important scientific periodicals and books. Articles appeared in local jour- nals, mimeographed booklets, abstracts of thesis and of symposia contributions, etc., were chosen mostly from reprints received directly from authors. The courtesy of those authors who have already suppl ied us with reprints and I ists of their publ ica- tions is highly appreciated. The manuscript is usually prepared in May and June of the year fol lowing the year which it covers. Unfortunately some reprints come later and thus the respective references appear in the fol lowing volume, with one year de- lay. To maximize the value of the bib I iography the references are arranged alphabetic- ally according to the authors' names, and each volume is provided with three indexes.

This open-access edited book is a collection of 17 chapters, synthesized primarily from the lectures delivered by eminent Indian and international experts during a series of capacity-building programmes organised in India during 2020 and 2021 under the aegis of 'Indo-German Cooperation on Seed Sector Development', a component of the Bilateral Cooperation between the Governments of India and Germany. Seed Science and Technology, a multi-disciplinary subject, is advancing rapidly keeping pace with the development of improved plant varieties and other climate-resilient technologies. Knowledge of the underlying biological processes and application of appropriate technologies for variety maintenance and seed production; quality assurance, testing and enhancement; processing, packaging and storage etc., are important in a seed programme. Chapters presented in the book is a blend of basic seed biology covering seed development, maturation, dormancy, germination, vigour and invigoration, and seed deterioration; variety maintenance and production of genetically pure seed of open-pollinated and hybrid varieties in a few key field crops and vegetables, and fundamentals of seed processing, packaging and storage; and seed quality assurance systems followed in different countries; testing the essential components of seed quality including seed health, application of molecular technologies for precision in testing, and enhancement of seed quality. It concludes by identifying the key areas of future seed research and technology development. The book covers the fundamentals and recent advances of seed science and technology with the latest research information and an exhaustive and updated list of references on different topics. It is expected to benefit the students as well as the scientists, faculty members and seed sector professionals, working in the public and private seed sectors, certification authorities and seed producing agencies in India, and elsewhere.

The bibl iography includes papers in all f. ields of photosynthesis research - from stu- dies of rrDdel biochemical and biophysical systems of the photosynthesis mechanism to primary production studied by the so-cal led growth analysis. In addition to papers devoted entirely to photosynthesis, papers on other topics are included if they con- tain data on photosynthetic activity, photorespiration, chloroplast structure, chlo- rophyll and carotenoid synthesis and destruction, etc. , or if they contain valuable methodological information (measurement of selected environmental factors, leaf area, etc. ). In many branches it has been difficult to define the I imits of interest for photosynthesis researchers. This pl-oblem has arisen e. g. in topics deal ing with the transfer of gases, where - in addition to the papers on carbon dioxide transfer - so- me papers on water vapour transfer are included, these being of general appl ication or bringing new approaches. On the other hand, many papers deal ing with the anatomy and physiology of stomata have been omitted, if the aspect of carbon dioxide or water vapour exchange has not been discussed. This volume contains references to papers publ ished in the year 1979, and, similarly to Vol. 9, also addenda including references published in the preceding peri- od (-i. e. 1966 to 1(78), The numbers of these additional references are labelled with an asterisk (*) in the I ist of references.

Plants, being sessile and autotrophic in nature, must cope with challenging environmental aberrations and therefore have evolved various responsive or defensive mechanisms including stress sensing mechanisms, antioxidant system, signaling pathways, secondary metabolites biosynthesis, and other defensive pathways among which accumulation of osmolytes or osmo-protectants is an important phenomenon. Osmolytes with organic chemical nature termed as compatible solutes are highly soluble compounds with no net charge at physiological pH and nontoxic at higher concentrations to plant cells. Compatible solutes in plants involve compounds like proline, glycine betaine, polyamines, trehalose, raffinose family oligosaccharides, fructans, gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA), and sugar alcohols playing structural, physiological, biochemical, and signaling roles during normal plant growth and development. The current and sustaining problems of climate change and increasing world population has challenged global food security. To feed more than 9 billion, the estimated population by 2050, the yield of major crops needs to be increased 1.1-1.3% per year, which is mainly restricted by the yield ceiling. A major factor limiting the crop yield is the changing global environmental conditions which includes drought, salinity and extreme temperatures and are responsible for a reduction of crop yield in almost all the crop plants. This condition may worsen with a decrease in agricultural land or the loss of potential crop yields by 70%. Therefore, it is a challenging task for agricultural scientists to develop tolerant/resistant varieties against abiotic stresses. The development of stress tolerant plant varieties through conventional breeding is very slow due to complex multigene traits. Engineering compatible solutes biosynthesis by deciphering the mechanism behind the abiotic tolerance or accumulation in plants cell is a potential emerging strategy to mitigate adverse effects of abiotic stresses and increase global crop production. However, detailed information on compatible solutes, including their sensing/signaling, biosynthesis, regulatory components, underlying biochemical mechanisms, crosstalk with other signaling pathways, and transgenic development have not been compiled into a single resource. Our book intends to fill this unmet need, with insight from recent advances in compatible solutes research on agriculturally important crop plants.

The sixth volume of Water-in-Plants Bibl iography includes papers in all fields of plant wa-rer relations research which appeared during the year 1980 - from theore- tical considerations about the state of water in cells and its membl"ane transport to drought resistance of plants or physiological significance of irrigation. In addition to papers devoted entirely to plant water I"elations, papers on other topics are included if they contain data on plant hydration level, water vapour efflux, ra- te of water uptake or \'later transport, etc., or if they contain valuable methodolo- gical informati-on (measurement of selected microcl imatic factors, soi I nx:>isture, etc. ). We have tried to cover fully the relevant papers whi ch have been publ ished in the rTDst important scienti fie periodicals and books. Articles appeared in local journals, mirreographed booklets, abstracts of thesis and of symposia contributions, etc., were chosen rTDstly from reprints received directly from authors. The courtesy of those authors who have already supplied us with reprints and lists of their - bl ications is highly appreciated. The manuscript is usually prepared in ~1ay and June of the year 10110l,ing the year which it covers. Unfortunataly some reprints come later and thus the respective references appear in the following vol ume, with one year delay. To maximize the value of the bibliography the references are alTanged alphabeti- cally according to the authors' names, and each volume is provided "ith three indexes.

The bibl iography includes papers in al I fields of photosynthesis research - from stu- dies of model biochemical and biophysical systems of the photosynthesis mechanism to primary production studied by the so-cal led growth analysis. In addition to papers devoted entirely to photosynthesis, papers on other topics are included if they con- tain data on photosynthetic activity, photorespiration, chloroplast structure, chlo- rophyl I and carotenoid synthesis and destruction, eta. , or if they contain valuable methodological information (measurement of selected environmental factors, leaf area, eta. ). In many branches it has been difficult to define the I imits of interest for photosynthesis researchers. This problem has arisen e. g. in topics deal ing with the transfer of gases, where - in addition to the papers on carbon dioxide transfer - so- me papers on water vapour transfer are included, these being of general appl ication or bringing new approaches. On the other hand, many papers deal ing with the anatomy and physiology of stomata have been omitted, if the aspect of carbon dioxide or water vapour exchange has not been discussed. This volume contains references to papers publ ished in the year 1978, and, similarly to Vol. 8, also addenda including references publ ished in the preceding peri- od (i. e. 1966 to 1977). The numbers of these additional references are labelled with an asterisk (*) in the I ist of references.

This book results from a symposium on the theme of 'The Physiology and Biochemistry of Plant Productivity' which was held at the University of Calgary from July 14-18, 1980, and was jointly sponsored by the Canadian Society of Plant Physiologists and the International Association of Plant Physiologists. The subject matter of the book deals with various aspects of nitrogen and carbon metabolism, their interrelationships and interdependence. The topics covered in the chapters highlight various interesting and important lines of research that are in progress. There is no attempt to provide a comprehensive coverage of the basic physiological knowledge upon which this research depend- important references are to be found at the end of each chapter, however, and the reader will be able to pursue these as necessary. An introductory chapter by Dr. R.G.S. Bidwell (winner of the C.S.P.P. Gold Medal in 1979) considers some implications of plant physiological research and the aims and responsibilities of plant physiologists. In the next two chapters Drs. J. Rigaud and L.E. Schrader (with R.J. Thomas) elaborate on current research on nitrate metabolism and nitrogen fixation, and how an understanding of these phenomena might be usefully applied towards the manipulation of plants to improve productivity. Dr. J.S.

The bib I iography includes papers in alI fields of photosynthesis research - from stu- dies of model biochemical and biophysical systems of the photosynthesis mechanism to primary production studied by the so-cal led growth analysis. In addition to papers devoted entirely to photosynthesis, papers on other topics are included if they con- tain data on photosynthetic activity, photorespiration, chloroplast structure, chlo- rophyl I and carotenoid synthesis and destruction; etc. , or if they contain valuable methodo I og i ca I information (measurement of se I ected env i ronmenta I *factors, I eat area, etc. ). In many branches it has been very difficult to define the I imits of interest for photosynthesis researchers. This problem has arisen e. g. in topics dealing with the transport of gases, where- in addition to the papers on C0 transfer- some pa- 2 pers on water vapour transfer are included, these being of general application. On the other hand, many papers dealing with the anatomy and physiology of stomata have been omitted, if the aspect of carbon dioxide or water vapour exchange has not been discussed. This volume contains references to papers pub I ished in the year 1976, and, similarly to Vol. 6, also addenda including references pub I ished in the preceding period (i. e. 1966- 1975 ). The numbers of these additional references are label led with an asterisk in the I ist of references.

The bibl iography includes papers in al I fields of photosynthesis research - from stu- dies of model biochemical and biophysical systems of the photosynthesis mechanism to primary production studied by the so-called growth analysis. In addition to papers devoted entirely to photosynthesis, papers on other topics are included if they con- tain data on photosynthetic activity, photorespiration, chloroplast structure, chlo- rophyll and carotenoid synthesis and destruction, etc. , or if they contain valuable methodological information (measurement of selected environmental factors, leaf area, etc. ). In many branches it has been ver'y difficult to define the I imits of interest for photosynthesis researchers. This problem has arisen e. g. in topics deal ing with the transport of gases, where - in addition to the papers on CO transfer - some pa- 2 pers on water vapour transfer are included, these being of general appl ication. On the other hand, many papers deal ing with the anatomy and physiology of stomata have been omitted, if the aspect of carbon dioxide or water vapour exchange has not been discussed. Th i s vo I ume conta i ns references to papers pub I i shed in the year ,1975, and, simi larly to Vol. 5, also addenda including references publ ished in the preceding period (i. e. 1966 - 1974). The numbers of these additional references are label led with an asterisk in the I ist of references.

This edited book provides the readers with the concepts and in-depth knowledge of plant disease assessment and conventional and modern technologies that aid in precise and accurate phytomathometery. This book discusses the evolution of plant disease assessment procedures from the primary visual estimation-based assessment to modern approaches, their practical application for reliable disease quantification, yield loss estimation, and the efficacy of disease control strategies for sustainable crop protection. Significant information is provided on the major aspects of the topic, including remote sensing, imaging techniques, molecular phytopathometery, microarray, and immunotechnology. The book helps plant scientists, plant pathologists, practitioners, researchers, and students in disease quantification, developing predictive models for plant disease epidemics, assessing crop losses, and the magnitude of plant disease control methods. This book describes the classical plant disease assessment methods based on visual observations. It Provides information regarding the modern and emerging technologies in Phytopathometery, precision, and accuracy. This book also discusses the application of disease assessments in predictive models, disease warning systems, expert systems, and decision support systems in applied plant pathology.

This book offers effective, low-cost and user-friendly protocols for the pre-field selection of salt-tolerant mutants in cereal crops. It presents simple methods for measuring soil salinity, including soil sampling and the analysis of water-soluble salts, and describes a detailed, but simple, screening test for salt tolerance in rice, wheat and barley seedlings, which uses hydroponics. The protocols are devised for use by plant breeders and can be easily accommodated into breeding practice.

The bibliography includes papers in al I fields of photosynthesis research - from stu- dies of model biochemical and biophysical systems of the photosynthesis mechanism to primary production studied by the so-cal led growth analysis. In addition to papers devoted entirely'to photosynthesis, papers on other topics are included if they con- tain data on photosynthetic activity, photorespiration, chloroplast structure, chlo- rophyll and carotenoid synthesis and destruction, etc. " or if they contain valuable methodological information (measurement of selected environmental factors, leaf area, etc. ). In many branches it has been very difficult to define the I imits of interest for photosynthesis researchers. This problem has arisen e. g. in topics deal ing with the transport of gases, where - in addition to the papers on CO transfer - some pa- 2 pers on water vapour transfer are included, these being of general application. On the other hand, many papers deal ing with the anatomy and physiology of stomata have been omitted, if the aspect of carbon dioxide or water vapour 'exchange has not been discussed. This volume contains references to papers publiphed in the year 1974, and, simi larty to Vol. 4, also addenda inc~uding references publ ished in the preceding period (i. e. 1966 - 1973). The numbers of these additional references. are label led with an asterisk in the list of refe.

The third volume of Water-in-Plants Bibl iography includes papers in al I fields of plant water relations research which appeared during the year 1977 - from theore tical considerations about the state of water in cel Is and its membrane transport to drought resistance of plants or physiological significance of irrigation. In addition to papers devoted entirely to plant water relations, papers on other topics are included if they contain data on plant hydration level, water vapour efflux, rate. of water uptake or water transport, etc., or if they contain valuable methodological information (measurement of selected microclimatic factors, soi I moisture, etc. l. We have tried to cover fully the relevant papers which have appeared in the important scientific periodicals and books. Articles published in local journals, mimeographed booklets, abstracts of thesis and of symposia contributions, etc., were chosen mostly from reprints received directly from authors. The courtesy of those authors who have already supplied us with reprints and lists of their publ ications is highly appreciated. The manuscript is usually prepared in May and June of the year fol lowing the year which it covers. Unfortunately some reprints come later and thus the respective references appear in the fol lowing volume, with one year delay. To maximize the value of the bibliography the references are arranged alphabe tical Iy according to the authors' names, and each volume is provided with three in dexes. The authors' index contains al I names of authors, co-authors and editors."

This book contains current knowledge and the most recent developments in the field of halophyte biology, ecology, and potential uses. Halophytes are characterised as plants that can survive and complete their life cycle in highly saline environments. This book explores the adaptive mechanisms and special features of halophytes that allow them to grow in environments that are unsuitable for conventional crops and considers their role as a source of food, fuel, fodder, fibre, essential oils, and medicines. Halophytes and Climate Change includes coverage of: - Special morphological, anatomical, and physiological features of halophytes - Ion accumulation patterns and homeostasis in halophytes - Potential use of halophytes in the remediation of saline soil - Growth and physiological response and tolerance to toxicity and drought - Mangrove ecology, physiology, and adaptation Written by a team of international authors and presented in full colour, this book is an essential resource for researchers in the fields of plant physiology, ecology, soil science, environmental science, botany, and agriculture.

The bibl iography includes papers in al I fields of photosynthesis research - from stu- dies of model biochemical and biophysical systems of the photosynthesis mechanism to primary production studied by the so-cal led growth analysis. In addition to papers devoted entirely to photosynthesis, papers on other topics are included if they con- tain data on photosynthetic activity, photorespiration, chloroplast structure, chlo- rophyl I and carotenoid synthesis and destruction, etc. , or if they contain valuable methodological information (measurement of selected environmental factors, leaf area, etc. ). In many branches it has been very difficult to define the I imits of interest for photosynthesis researchers. This problem has arisen e. g. in topics deal ing with the transport of gases, where - in addition to the papers on CO transfer - some pa- 2 pers on water vapour transfer are included, these being of general appl ication. On the other hand, many papers deal ing with the anatomy and physiology of stomata have been omitted, if the aspect of carbon dioxide or water vapour exchange has not been discussed. This volume contains references to papers publ ished in the year 1973, and, simi larly to Vol. 3, also addenda including references publ ished in the preceding period (i. e. 1966 - 1972). The numbers of these additional references are label led with an asterisk in the list of references as wei I as in indexes.

From the point of view of individual consumer there are too many scientific papers being produced and published every year, too many to be looked up in the tremendous and steadi Iy increasing number and volume of scientific periodicals and proceedings from allover the world. This is not only the result of the "publish or perish" law, but also - let us hope mainly - the result of the increasing amount of true scientific information discovered. Even in a single scientific field too many papers are to be preselected according to the individual interest and to be looked through in order to see what they are reporting on. [And of course they are too many in these preselected to be read and studied in detai I. At the present nobody wi I I help us with this last link of what is called the information chain. But let us not speak about this lamentable point now. l Some tools are already wei I known and have been used to master more easily the overwhelming flood of scientific production as far as the first selection of information is concerned. Bibl iographies covering specific fields are one of these tools. They extremely faci I itate the preselection and when carefully indexed they give the user much more than a heap of selected titles. Such a periodiC bibliography in the field of plant-water relations is sti I I lacking.

The bibl iogra~hy includes papers i'n all fields of photosynthesis research, - from stu- dies of model biochemical and biophysical systems of the photosynthesis mech,anism to primary production studi'ed by the so-called growth analysis. In add,iti'on to papers devoted entirely to photosynthesis, papers on other topics are included if they con- tain data on photosynthetic activity, photorespiration, chloroplast structure, chlo- rophyll and carotenoid synthesis and destruction, etc. , or j'f tney contain valuaBle methodological information (measurement of selected environmental factors, leaf area, etc. ). In many branches i't has been very difHcult to define tne I imits of in- terest for photosynthesis researchers. This problem has arisen e. g. in topics deal- ing with the transport of gases, where - in addition to tee papers on C02 transfer some papers on water vapour transfer are i'ncluded, these being of general appl ication. On the other hand, many papers deal ing w'ith the anatomy and physiology of stomata have been omitted, if the aspect of carBon dioxide or water vapour exchange has not been discussed. This volume contains references to papers published in the year 1972, and, si- milarly to Vol . 2, also addenda including references published in the preceding pe- riod (i. e. 1966 - 1971). The numbers of these additional references are label led with an aster i sk in the list of references as we I I as in indexes.

This book reports the proceedings of a meeting held in the 'Limburgs Universitair Centrum' , Diepenbeek, Belgium, August 26 to 30, 1974. In convening this meet ing, my aim was to bring together a small number of specialists working on photosynthesis of course but also always keeping in mind that plants are in fluenced by their environment (temperature, light quality and intensity, air com position, daylength . . . . . ) and can differently react according to their stage of deve lopment. In general, all these specialists work on whole plants cultivated in well known conditions (they are not 'market spinach specialists') but, when necessary, give up the idea of measuring photochemical activities in isolated they don't chloroplasts, enzyme kinetics . . . etc. It is noticeable that about 50% of them are working in laboratories directly involved with applied research in agriculture or forestry. The format of the meeting was intentionally kept small but it allowed generous time for discussion; thanks are due to Drs. O. BJOERKMAN, J. W. BRADBEER, M. M. LUDLOW and C. B. OSMOND for taking the chairs during these discussions. In such a small meeting, the choice of invited scientists was really a personnal one and thus reflected my own fields of interest. When planning the conference, I was continually divided between the wish for inviting other interesting people and the necessity of keeping time free for discussions.

The Symposium 'Genetic Aspects of Photosynthesis' was sponsored by the Insti tute of Plant Physiology and Biophysics of the Tajik Academy of Sciences and the Scientific Councils of the Academy of Sciences of the U.S.S.R. on the problem of photosynthesis, genetics and selection, and also by the N.I. Vavilov All-Union Society of Geneticists and Selectionists. The Symposium took place in Dushanbe on October 17-24, 1972. 223 scientists attended, including 209 participants from different parts of the Soviet Union and 14 honoured guests from Australia, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, German Democratic Republic, Hungary and the U.S.A. They represented various fields of biological sciences: molecular biology, bio chemistry, genetics, cytology, radiobiology, biophysics, plant physiology, and selection. The chairmen of the ten symposial sessions were the leading Soviet scientists, B.L. ASTAUROV, A. A. NICHIPOROVICH, A. A. SHLYK, Yu. S. NASYROV, V. B., EVSTIGNEEV, O. V. ZALENSKI , B. F. VANYUSHlN, N. P. VOSKRE SENSKA Y A, S. V. TAGEEV A and K. V. KVITKO. There were 57 speakers, and a further 40 experimental papers on the problems of genetic control of photosyn thesis were displayed on an exhibition of scientific research. Two special round table evening sessions were devoted to discussions on the mechanisms of the C 3 and C pathways of photosynthetic carbon metabolism and the structure of pho 4 tosynthetic membranes. The symposial sessions were concluded by a general dis cussion on the genetics of photosynthesis."

Hydrogen Sulfide in Plant Biology: Past and Present includes 17 chapters, with topics from cross-talk and lateral root development under stress, to post-translational modifications and disease resistance. With emerging research on the different roles and applications of H2S, this title compiles the latest advances of this key signaling molecule. The development of a plant requires complex signaling of various molecules like H2S in order to achieve regulated and proper development, hence hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has emerged as an important signaling molecule that regulates nearly each and every stage of a plant's lifecycle. Edited by leading experts in the field, this is a must-read for scientists and researchers interested in plant physiology, biochemistry and ecology.