This book presents an unconventional approach for implementing chipless radiofrequency identification (RFID) systems and related sensors. Contrary to most state-of-the-art chipless-RFID systems, the proposed approach is based on time domain and the tags are read through near field. The book discusses different aspects of these chipless-RFID systems, including tag and reader design, strategies to enhance the data density and capacity, tag programming and erasing, tag implementation in plastic and paper substrates, and synchronous tag reading, among others. A tolerance analysis and validation of the different systems, as well as prospective applications, are also included. The book also offers a comprehensive overview of the state-of-the-art in chipless-RFID technology, including a comparative analysis, which is extended also to chip-based RFID systems. Readers are expected to be familiar with RF/microwave engineering technology. Besides master's and postgraduate students, the book is intended for researchers in the field of radiofrequency identification (RFID) technology, and may be of interest for engineers working in the areas of wireless communications, automatic identification, security, authentication, microwave and wireless sensors, as well as those dealing with internet of things (IoT) and smart systems.

First published in 1990, this book provides an overview of the global distribution of the electronics industry and the structural factors which promoted this distribution by the end of the 1980s. Regarded as a 'flagship' sector in both advanced and developing countries, the electronics industry is encouraged by governments everywhere. Covering both the civilian and the military sides of the industry, Professor Todd reflects on the future of civilian electronics in the light of its global segmentation, and hints at the fundamental role of governments in the unfolding of both civilian and defence-electronics developments. He also endorses the overwhelming significance of strategies being played by electronics enterprises in both the USA and Japan.

This book is the first to provide a comprehensive introduction to the synthesis, optical properties, and photonics applications of tellurite glasses. The book begins with an overview of tellurite glasses, followed by expert chapters on synthesis, properties, and state-of-the-art applications ranging from laser glass, optical fibers, and optical communications through color tuning, plasmonics, supercontinuum generation, and other photonic devices. The book provides in-depth information on the the structural, linear, and non-linear optical properties of tellurite glasses and their implications for device development. Real-world examples give the reader valuable insight into the applications of tellurite glass. A detailed discussion of glass production methods, including raw materials and melting and refining oxide- and fluoro-tellurite glasses, is also included. The book features an extensive reference list for further reading. This highly readable and didactic text draws on chemical composition, glass science, quantum mechanics, and electrodynamics. It is suitable for both advanced undergraduate and graduate students as well as practicing researchers.

In spite of the increasing importance of microcavities, device physics or the observable phenomena in optical microcavities such as enhanced or inhibited spontaneous emission and its relation with the laser oscillation has not been systematically well-described-until now. Spontaneous Emission and Laser Oscillation in Microcavities presents the basics of optical microcavities. The volume is divided into ten chapters, each written by respected authorities in their areas. The book surveys several methods describing free space spontaneous emission and discusses changes in the feature due to the presence of a cavity. The effect of dephasing of vacuum fields on spontaneous emission in a microcavity and the effects of atomic broadening on spontaneous emission in an optical microcavity are examined. The book details the splitting in transmission peaks of planar microcavities containing semiconductor quantum wells. A simple but useful way to consider the change in the spontaneous emission rate from the viewpoint of mode density alteration by wavelength-sized cavities is provided. Authors also discuss the spontaneous emission in dielectric planar microcavities. Spontaneous emission in microcavity surface emitting lasers is covered, as are the effects of electron confinement in semiconductor quantum wells, wires, and boxes also given. The volume extends the controlling spontaneous emission phenomenon to laser oscillation. Starting from the Fermi golden rule, the microcavity laser rate equations are derived, and the oscillation characteristics are analyzed. Recent progress in optical microcavity experiments is summarized, and the applicability in massively optical parallel processing systems and demands for the device performance are explored. This volume is extremely useful as a textbook for graduate and postgraduate students and works well as a unique reference for researchers beginning to study in the field.

Scanning transmission electron microscopy has become a mainstream technique for imaging and analysis at atomic resolution and sensitivity, and the authors of this book are widely credited with bringing the field to its present popularity. Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy(STEM): Imaging and Analysis will provide a comprehensive explanation of the theory and practice of STEM from introductory to advanced levels, covering the instrument, image formation and scattering theory, and definition and measurement of resolution for both imaging and analysis. The authors will present examples of the use of combined imaging and spectroscopy for solving materials problems in a variety of fields, including condensed matter physics, materials science, catalysis, biology, and nanoscience. Therefore this will be a comprehensive reference for those working in applied fields wishing to use the technique, for graduate students learning microscopy for the first time, and for specialists in other fields of microscopy.

With the ongoing, worldwide installation of 40 Gbit/s fiber optic transmission systems, there is an urgency to learn more about the photonic devices supporting this technology. Focusing on the components used to generate, modulate, and receive optical signals, High-Speed Photonic Devices presents the state-of- the-art enabling technologies behind high-speed telecommunication systems. Written by experts in the field, the book explores high-speed transmitters, receivers, electronics, and all-optical techniques. Following a brief introduction of the devices, the subsequent chapters cover... High-speed, low-driving voltage electroabsorption modulators and their integration with distributed-feedback lasers for high-bitrate and long-haul optical fiber transmission systems Linear electro-optic Ti-diffused LiNbO3 devices, specifically, traveling-wave high-speed modulators III-V compound semiconductor electro-optic modulators High-speed polymer device technology and numerous examples of new material combinations Fundamental physical processes used in common photodetectors as well as some emerging photodetector designs High-speed electronic devices and integrated circuit technologies for very high-speed future lightwave communication systems Very high-speed all-optical technologies required for multi-terabit/s optical fiber transmission systems. Although it is hard to predict which particular technology will prevail in the future, you can be sure that the systems discussed in High-Speed Photonic Devices will help pave the way for low-cost, high-performance fiber optic networks that will cover the entire globe. This improved and easily accessible communications capability will no doubt better the quality of life for everyone.

Planet Earth is under stress from various environmental factors, increasing the importance of being able to estimate the environmental costs associated with dynamic material shifts. Such shifts are occurring in the electronics industry and the most famous recent example is the introduction of lead-free solders. "Global Life Cycle Impact Assessments of Material Shifts" describes the environmental implications of this shift to lead-free solders and conductive adhesives using the standardized methodology of environmental life-cycle assessment (LCA).

As the product systems involved are rather small for interconnection materials it is possible using uncertainty analysis and consequential LCA to arrive at robust conclusions, even in the difficult holistic field of environmental cost accounting. The lead-free shift has many implications, such as the export of electronics waste, resource consumption, recycling issues, and technology development.

This book discusses the fundamental of bending actuation with a focus on ionic metal composites. It describes the applications of ionic polymer metal composite (IPMC) actuators, from conventional robotic systems to compliant micro robotic systems used to handle the miniature and fragile components during robotic micro assembly. It also presents mathematical modelings of actuators for engineering, biomedical, medical and environmental systems. The fundamental relation of IPMC actuators to the biomimetic systems are also included.

Reviews various types of MLD processes including vapor-phase MLD, liquid-phase MLD, and selective MLD. Introduces organic multiple quantum dots (Organic MQDs) that are typical tailored organic thin-film materials produced by MLD. Designs light modulators/optical switches, predicts their performance, and discusses impacts of the organic MQDs on them. Discusses impacts of the organic MQDs on optical interconnects within computers and on optical switching systems. Presents proposals of MLD applications to energy conversion systems, molecular targeted drug delivery, photodynamic therapy, and laser surgery for cancer therapy.

This book focuses on the fundamental phenomena at nanoscale. It covers synthesis, properties, characterization and computer modelling of nanomaterials, nanotechnologies, bionanotechnology, involving nanodevices. Further topics are imaging, measuring, modeling and manipulating of low dimensional matter at nanoscale. The topics covered in the book are of vital importance in a wide range of modern and emerging technologies employed or to be employed in most industries, communication, healthcare, energy, conservation , biology, medical science, food, environment, and education, and consequently have great impact on our society.

The book covers all essential elements of current and next generation fibre optic networks, including many that are ignored in other books. The reader gains an in-depth understanding of the current and future capabilities of fibre optic communication networks. He can estimate what fibre optics has to provide and where its (current and long-term) limitations may lie. Optoelectronic devices and glass fibres are the basis of contemporary communication systems. The book deals with the various components of these systems such as lasers, amplifiers, modulation devices, converters, optical switches, filters, detectors, emitters, sensors and fibre transfer systems. A systematic evaluation of the state of the art in related technological research and the level reached in application is given.

The book provides a collection of selected papers presented to the third International Conference on Photonics, Optics and Laser Technology PHOTOPTICS 2015, covering the three main conference scientific areas of "Optics", "Photonics" and "Lasers". The selected papers, in two classes full and short, result from a double blind review carried out by the conference program committee members which are highly qualified experts in conference topic areas.

The primary goal of this book is to provide a sound understanding of wide bandgap Silicon Carbide (SiC) power semiconductor device simulation using Silvaco (c) ATLAS Technology Computer Aided Design (TCAD) software. Physics-based TCAD modeling of SiC power devices can be extremely challenging due to the wide bandgap of the semiconductor material. The material presented in this book aims to shorten the learning curve required to start successful SiC device simulation by providing a detailed explanation of simulation code and the impact of various modeling and simulation parameters on the simulation results. Non-isothermal simulation to predict heat dissipation and lattice temperature rise in a SiC device structure under switching condition has been explained in detail. Key pointers including runtime error messages, code debugging, implications of using certain models and parameter values, and other factors beneficial to device simulation are provided based on the authors' experience while simulating SiC device structures. This book is useful for students, researchers, and semiconductor professionals working in the area of SiC semiconductor technology. Readers will be provided with the source code of several fully functional simulation programs that illustrate the use of Silvaco (c) ATLAS to simulate SiC power device structure, as well as supplementary material for download.Related Link(s)

This book deals with the Effective Electron Mass (EEM) in low dimensional semiconductors. The materials considered are quantum confined non-linear optical, III-V, II-VI, GaP, Ge, PtSb2, zero-gap, stressed, Bismuth, carbon nanotubes, GaSb, IV-VI, Te, II-V, Bi2Te3, Sb, III-V, II-VI, IV-VI semiconductors and quantized III-V, II-VI, IV-VI and HgTe/CdTe superlattices with graded interfaces and effective mass superlattices. The presence of intense electric field and the light waves change the band structure of optoelectronic semiconductors in fundamental ways, which have also been incorporated in the study of the EEM in quantized structures of optoelectronic compounds that control the studies of the quantum effect devices under strong fields. The importance of measurement of band gap in optoelectronic materials under strong electric field and external photo excitation has also been discussed in this context. The influence of crossed electric and quantizing magnetic fields on the EEM and the EEM in heavily doped semiconductors and their nanostructures is discussed. This book contains 200 open research problems which form the integral part of the text and are useful for both Ph. D aspirants and researchers in the fields of solid-state sciences, materials science, nanoscience and technology and allied fields in addition to the graduate courses in modern semiconductor nanostructures. The book is written for post graduate students, researchers and engineers, professionals in the fields of solid state sciences, materials science, nanoscience and technology, nanostructured materials and condensed matter physics.

This book helps you understand the basic properties of semiconductor quantum wells and superlattices and describes how they can be utilized for long-wavelength infrared detectors and imaging arrays. Includes 111 illustrations and 237 equations.

The book addresses various approaches to television projection imaging on large screens using lasers. Results of theoretical and experimental studies of an acousto-optic projection system operating on the principle of projecting an image of an entire amplitude-modulated television line in a single laser pulse are presented. Characteristic features of image formation and requirements for individual components are discussed. Particular attention is paid to nonlinear distortions of the image signal, which show up most severely at low modulation signal frequencies. The feasibility of improving the process efficiency and image quality using acousto-optic modulators and pulsed lasers is studied.

This book presents how metasurfaces are exploited to develop new low-cost single sensor based multispectral cameras. Multispectral cameras extend the concept of conventional colour cameras to capture images with multiple color bands and with narrow spectral passbands. Images from a multispectral camera can extract significant amount of additional information that the human eye or a normal camera fails to capture and thus have important applications in precision agriculture, forestry, medicine, object identifications, and classifications. Conventional multispectral cameras are made up of multiple image sensors each externally fitted with a narrow passband wavelength filters, optics and multiple electronics. The need for multiple sensors for each band results in a number of problems such as being bulky, power hungry and suffering from image co-registration problems which in turn limits their wide usage. The above problems can be eliminated if a multispectral camera is developed using one single image sensor.

This book deals with the analysis and design of CMOS current-mode circuits for data communications. CMOS current-mode sampled-data networks, i.e. switched-current circuits, are excluded. Major subjects covered in the book include: a critical comparison of voltage-mode and current-mode circuits; the building blocks of current-mode circuits: design techniques; modeling of wire channels, electrical signaling for Gbps data communications; ESD protection for current-mode circuits and more. This book will appeal to IC design engineers, hardware system engineers and others.

This book includes both theoretical and practical aspects within optics, photonics and lasers. The book provides new methods, technologies, advanced prototypes, systems, tools and techniques as well as a general survey indicating future trends and directions. The main fields of this book are Optical scattering, plasmas technologies and simulation, photonic and optoelectronic sensors and devices, optical fiber sensing and monitoring, image detection and Imaging solid state lasers and fiber lasers, and optical amplifiers. A wide range of optical materials is covered, from semiconductor based optical materials, optical crystals and optical glasses.

Rad-hard Semiconductor Memories is intended for researchers and professionals interested in understanding how to design and make a preliminary evaluation of rad-hard semiconductor memories, making leverage on standard CMOS manufacturing processes available from different silicon foundries and using different technology nodes. In the first part of the book, a preliminary overview of the effects of radiation in space, with a specific focus on memories, will be conducted to enable the reader to understand why specific design solutions are adopted to mitigate hard and soft errors. The second part will be devoted to RHBD (Radiation Hardening by Design) techniques for semiconductor components with a specific focus on memories. The approach will follow a top-down scheme starting from RHBD at architectural level (how to build a rad-hard floor-plan), at circuit level (how to mitigate radiation effects by handling transistors in the proper way) and at layout level (how to shape a layout to mitigate radiation effects). After the description of the mitigation techniques, the book enters in the core of the topic covering SRAMs (synchronous, asynchronous, single port and dual port) and PROMs (based on AntiFuse OTP technologies), describing how to design a rad-hard flash memory and fostering RHBD toward emerging memories like ReRAM. The last part will be a leap into emerging memories at a very early stage, not yet ready for industrial use in silicon but candidates to become an option for the next wave of rad-hard components. Technical topics discussed in the book include: - Radiation effects on semiconductor components (TID, SEE) - Radiation Hardening by Design (RHBD) Techniques - Rad-hard SRAMs - Rad-hard PROMs - Rad-hard Flash NVMs - Rad-hard ReRAMs - Rad-hard emerging technologies

In this review volume, the editors have included the state-of-the-art research and development in nano composites, and optical electronics written by experts in the field. In addition, it also covers applications for emerging technologies in High-Speed Electronics.In summary, topics covered in this volume includes various aspects of high performance materials and devices for implementing High-Speed Electronic systems.

'A very handy feature of this book includes an appendix section consisting of fifteen parts, each dedicated to listing equations and solution examples for calculating various important quantities for optoelectronic devices. This book is an in-depth technical resource for understanding the principles of various types of optoelectronic devices and systems. Students, as well as working professionals, would find this book useful for calculating quantities needed in the design of optical system components. There is a section, at the end of the book, along with an extension reference list at the end of each chapter that provides problems from each chapter, making this book suitable for an undergraduate or graduate class in electrical engineering on optoelectronic theory.'IEEE Electrical Insulation MagazineThis book provides a comprehensive treatment of the design and applications of optoelectronic devices. Optoelectronic devices such as light emitting diodes (LEDs), semiconductor lasers, photodetectors, optical fibers, and solar cells, are important components for solid state lighting systems, optical communication systems, and power generation systems. Optical fiber amplifiers and fiber lasers are also important for high power industrial applications and sensors. The applications of optoelectronic devices were first studied in the 1970's. Since then, the diversity and scope of optoelectronic device research and applications have been steadily growing.Optoelectronic Devices is self-contained and unified in presentation. It can be used as an advanced textbook by graduate students and practicing engineers. It is also suitable for non-experts who wish to have an overview of optoelectronic devices and systems. The treatments in the book are detailed enough to capture the interest of the curious reader and complete enough to provide the necessary background to explore the subject further.