Characterization of Polymers and Fibres addresses an integral part of fiber and polymer manufacturing processes that is crucial in helping manufacturers ensure that final products achieve intended specifications. The characterization of fiber and polymers is needed for attributes including molecular weight, morphology, dyeing behavior, tensile, optical and thermal behavior. This book covers a wide range of characterization techniques, including thermal, X-ray diffraction, solubility, tensile, optical, hygroscopic and particle size distribution. Introductions and definitions are provided where beneficial to make topics accessible to a broad range of readers in both academia and industry. Addressing advances from the fields of bioscience, polymer science, material science, and textile science, this book is wide in scope, drawing on the latest research to provide details of characterization techniques and equipment.

Environmentally Sustainable Corrosion Inhibitors: Fundamentals and Industrial Applications covers the latest research developments in environmentally friendly, sustainable corrosion inhibitors. The book addresses the fundamental characteristics, synthesis, characterization and mechanisms of corrosion inhibitors. In addition, it presents a chronological overview of the growth of the field, with numerous examples of its broad-ranging industrial applications in a.o. food, the environment, electronics, and the oil and gas industries. The book concludes with discussions about commercialization and economics. This is an indispensable reference for chemical engineers and chemists working in R&D and academia who want to learn more about environmentally-friendly, sustainable corrosion inhibitors systems.

Improvements in Bio-Based Building Blocks Production Through Process Intensification and Sustainability Concepts discusses new information on the production and cost of bio-based building blocks. From a technical point-of-view, almost all industrial materials made from fossil resources can be substituted using bio-based counterparts. However, the cost of bio-based production in many cases exceeds the cost of petrochemical production. In addition, new products must be proven to perform at least as good as their petrochemical equivalents, have a lower environmental impact, meet consumer demand for environmentally-friendly products, factor in population growth, and account for limited supplies of non-renewables. This book outlines the application of process intensification techniques which allow for the generation of clean, efficient and economical processes for bio-based chemical blocks production.

Special Distillation Processes, Second Edition focuses on the latest developments in the field, such as separation methods that may prove useful for solving problems encountered during research. Topics include extraction, membrane and adsorption distillation involving the separation principle, process design and experimental techniques. The relationship between processes and techniques are also presented. Comprehensive and easy-to-read, this book provides key information needed to understand processes. It will be a valuable reference source for chemical engineers and students wishing to branch out in chemical engineering.

An Integration of Phycoremediation Processes in Wastewater Treatment reviews the potential of microalgae to treat wastewater containing highly recalcitrant compounds whose degradation is not achieved by the conventional existing treatments. In addition, the book describes how the microalgae collected after wastewater treatment can be used for obtaining added-value products, hence closing the loop and contributing to a circular economy. Finally, the technoeconomical aspects of this green technology are addressed, along with the design and development of photobioreactors, genetic aspects, metagenomics and metabolomics.

Polymer Hybrid Materials and Composites: Fundamentals and Applications presents an introduction to the principles behind polymeric hybrid materials, providing both theoretical and practical information on the synthesis and application of these materials. It documents the latest innovations, ranging from materials development and characterization of properties, to applications. Sections cover the route from laboratory to industry, providing practical, actionable guidance to assist the scaling up process for applications in areas including energy technology, solar cells, water purification, medical devices, optical and electrical devices, and more. It is an essential introduction to the emerging technologies that are made possible by these advanced materials.

Computer-Aided Design of Fluid Mixing Equipment: A Guide and Tool for Practicing Engineers helps practicing design and operations engineers in solving their agitation and mixing problems. The book provides the practicing engineer with the tools necessary to evaluate the performance of existing agitation and mixing equipment, along with tactics on how to design new equipment using computerized rating and design methods. The most appropriate design techniques are also included in computer programs for solving mixing problems for the practicing engineer. Excel solutions are available through the WEB for 40 example problems in the book. WEB based, general purpose CalcEdge design programs are also available; the TK6 source codes are also available.

Microbial Extremozymes: Novel Sources and Industrial Applications is a unique resource of practical research information on the latest novel sources and technologies regarding extremozymes in bioremediation, waste management, valorization of industrial by-products, biotransformation of natural polymers, nutrition, food safety and diagnosis of disease. The book's broad knowledge and varying applications are useful to the food industry, dairy industry, fruit and vegetable processing, and baking and beverages industries, as well as the pharmaceutical and biomedical industries. This is a concise, all-encompassing resource for a range of scientists needing knowledge of extremozymes to enhance and research. Furthermore, it provides an updated knowledge of microbial enzymes isolated from extreme environments (temperatures, etc.) and their biotechnological applications. It will be useful to researchers, scientists and students in enzyme research. In addition, users from the dairy and baking industries will benefit from the presented content.

Tackling the issue of water and wastewater treatment nowadays requires novel approaches to ensure that sustainable development can be achieved. Water and wastewater treatment should not be seen only as an end-of-pipe solution but instead the approach should be more holistic and lead to a more sustainable process. This requires the integration of various methods/processes to obtain the most optimized design. Integrated and Hybrid Process Technology for Water and Wastewater Treatment discusses the state-of-the-art development in integrated and hybrid treatment processes and their applications to the treatment of a vast variety of water and wastewater sources. The approaches taken in this book are categorized as (i) resources recovery and consumption, (ii) optimal performance, (iii) physical and environmental footprints, (iv) zero liquid discharge concept and are (v) regulation-driven. Through these categories, readers will see how such an approach could benefit the water and wastewater industry. Each chapter discusses challenges and prospects of an integrated treatment process in achieving sustainable development. This book serves as a platform to provide ideas and to bridge the gap between laboratory-scale research and practical industry application.

Photocatalytic Systems by Design: Materials, Mechanisms and Applications explores various aspects of photocatalysis, including the photocatalytic phenomenon and process, applications, and the design of photocatalysts via band gap engineering. The book also covers band edge position engineering for multiple photocatalytic applications, such as pollutant degradations, hydrogen production, CO2 reduction into hydrocarbon fuels, antimicrobial disinfections, organic synthesis, N2 fixation, and more. This book is designed to enable beginners to learn the concepts and applications of photocatalysis. Unlike conventional books on photocatalysis, the book provides a 360 Degrees perspective into the field of photocatalysis and serves as an informative handbook for all audiences.

Biopolymer Science for Proteins and Peptides introduces all aspects of natural polymers based on structural proteins and peptides, presenting synthesis, structure, properties, proteins, materials design, and applications. The book begins by presenting the core concepts of polypeptide and protein materials, before discussing synthesis and structure in detail. The next part of the book describes physical properties, biological properties, and issues surrounding stability. Subsequent chapters offer in-depth coverage of both natural and structural protein sources, including collagen, silk, elastin, resilin, keratin, foot protein, and reflectin, and the materials that can be designed from them, such as films, fibers, textiles, microparticles, sponges and scaffolds, nanomaterials, blends, and composites. These materials are also analyzed against the available synthetic polymers. Finally, the text explores current applications and potential future developments. This is an essential resource for researchers and advanced students across a range of disciplines, including biopolymers, structural proteins, polymer science, materials science, biomaterials, biology, biotechnology, chemistry, engineering, and pharmaceutical science. In an industry setting, this is of great interest to scientists and R&D professionals working in industries with an interest in bio-based polymers for advanced applications.

Carbohydrate Analysis by Modern Liquid Phase Separation Techniques, Second Edition, presents readers with the various principles of modern liquid phase separation techniques and their contributions to the analysis of complex carbohydrates and glycoconjugates. In a selection of all-new chapters, this fully updated volume covers each technique in detail. The book aims to help analysts solve any of the many practical problems they may face in tackling the analysis of carbohydrates. In addition, it addresses current difficulties that must be resolved in carbohydrate research, thus inspiring further important technological developments to meet these challenges. This is an essential resource for anyone seeking a broad view of the science of carbohydrates and separation techniques.

Photocatalytic Degradation of Dyes: Current Trends and Future Perspectives covers in detail current trends and future aspects on photocatalytic degradation of organic dyes using novel photocatalytic techniques such as metallic nanoparticles, heterogeneous and hybrid systems using visible light irradiation. It highlights the most recent scientific and technological achievements and importance of degradation of dyes in the textile effluent by simple environmental friendly approaches using eco-friendly catalysts. It is of assistance to everyone interested in bioremediation of effluents: professionals, consulting engineers, academicians, and research scholars as well.

Nonlinear Damage Behavior of Ceramic Matrix Composites help readers [researchers, material scientists and design engineers] gain greater understanding on the damage mechanisms inside CMCs so they can better design components used in aeronautics and astronautics. Key areas addressed in the book include: the nonlinear damage behavior of ceramic-matrix composites, including damage mechanisms and models, nonlinear damage behavior of ceramic-matrix composites under tensile and fatigue loading, strain-rate dependent, stochastic loading dependent, and time dependent nonlinear damage behavior, and the effect of pre-exposure and thermal fatigue on non-linear damage behavior of ceramic-matrix composites.

Bioleaching of chalcopyrite is always a challenge and research hotspot. The low copper extraction and dissolution kinetics restricted the industrial application of chalcopyrite bioleaching. To solve this problem, the dissolution process and passivation mechanism of chalcopyrite in bioleaching should be first studied, then the rate-limiting steps should be analysed explicitly, and finally the intensifying method can be put forward. Many scholars have made efforts to investigate the dissolution mechanism of chalcopyrite in bioleaching. However, there is no congruence of opinion as yet. Biohydrometallurgy of Chalcopyrite summarizes and discusses the reported research findings. In addition, this book publishes the related results found by the authors' research. Then, the dissolution mechanism of chalcopyrite in bioleaching is interpreted. Finally, the process intensification techniques of chalcopyrite bioleaching are provided and discussed. Hence, this book provides useful reference and guidance in both laboratory research and industrial production.

Advanced Technology for the Conversion of Waste into Fuels and Chemicals: Volume 1: Biological Processes presents advanced and combined techniques that can be used to convert waste to energy, including combustion, gasification, paralysis, anaerobic digestion and fermentation. The book focuses on solid waste conversion to fuel and energy and presents the latest advances in the design, manufacture, and application of conversion technologies. Contributors from the fields of physics, chemistry, metallurgy, engineering and manufacturing present a truly trans-disciplinary picture of the field. Chapters cover important aspects surrounding the conversion of solid waste into fuel and chemicals, describing how valuable energy can be recouped from various waste materials. As huge volumes of solid waste are produced globally while huge amounts of energy are produced from fossil fuels, the technologies described in this comprehensive book provide the information necessary to pursue clean, sustainable power from waste material.

Advanced Technology for the Conversion of Waste into Fuels and Chemicals: Volume 2: Chemical Processes is the second of two volumes by the editors (the first volume is Advanced Technology for the Conversion of Waste into Fuels and Chemicals: Biological Processes). This volume presents advanced techniques and combined techniques used to convert energy to waste, including combustion, gasification, paralysis, anaerobic digestion and fermentation. The title focuses on solid waste conversion to fuel and energy, presenting advances in the design, manufacture and application of conversion technologies. Contributors from physics, chemistry, metallurgy, engineering and manufacturing present a truly trans-disciplinary picture of waste to energy conversion. Huge volumes of solid waste are produced globally while, at the same time, huge amounts of energy are produced from fossil fuels. Waste to energy (WTE) technologies are developing rapidly, holding out the potential to make clean, sustainable power from waste material. These WTE procedures incorporate various methods and blended approaches, and present an enormous opportunity for clean, sustainable energy.

Advances in Probiotics: Microorganisms in Food and Health highlights recent advances in probiotic microorganisms, commercial probiotics, safety aspects of probiotics, preparation and commercialization, microbiome therapy for diseases and disorders, and next generation probiotics. This is a comprehensive resource of developments of new formulations and products for probiotic and prebiotic food with focus on the microorganisms to enable effective probiotic delivery. The book deliberates contemporary trends and challenges, risks, limitations in probiotic and prebiotic food to deliver an understanding not only for research development purposes but also to benefit further standardize industrial requirements and other techno-functional traits of probiotics. At present there is no solitary volume to describe the probiotics and prebiotics properties, Advances in Probiotics: Microorganisms in Food and Health provides novel information to fill the overall gap in the market. It presents the most current information on probiotic and prebiotics for the food industry. This book is a valuable resource for academicians, researchers, food industrialists, and entrepreneurs.

Multiphase Polylactide Blends: Toward a Sustainable and Green Environment guides the reader through fundamentals, science, preparation, and key areas of innovation in polylactide (PLA) blends. Bio-based polymers, and notably PLA, have not only gained increasing interest as a more sustainable alternative but also bring challenges in terms of mechanical, rheological, thermal and physical properties, processability, shapability, and foamability. The use of blends looks to address these, with the development of new types of economically viable and environmentally friendly systems. This is a valuable book for academic researchers, scientists, and graduate students across bio-based polymers, polymer science, chemistry, and materials science, as well as engineers, R&D professionals, and all those in industry with interest in PLA-based blends, biopolymers, and sustainable materials and products. More specifically, the first three chapters of this book overview the fundamentals of thermoplastic polymers, polymer blends, and structure and properties of PLA. These chapters could technically be used as a valuable textbook on the noted topics. The rest of the chapters inclusively study the fundamentals, investigations, and achievements in PLA-based blends with various types of polymers. These include miscible blends of poly L-lactide and poly D-lactide, binary immiscible/miscible blends of PLA with other thermoplastics and elastomers, PLA-based ternary blends and blend nanocomposites, as well as PLA-based blend foams. Overall, this book provides a thorough and critical overview of the state of the art in PLA-based blends, including significant past and recent advances, with the aim of supporting and shaping further research and industrial application of these materials for the development of a green and sustainable future.