Beverages derived from fruits and vegetables are a rich source of vitamin C, carotenoids, phenolics and polyphenolics as well as other bioactives. The bioactives in nutraceutical beverages may act synergistically with one another and their effect may be amplified through fortification, cultivating practices, or biotechnological means. This book discusses factors in the formulation, chemistry, nutrition, and health effects of nutraceutical beverages.

Energy, water, affordable healthcare and global warming are four major concerns resulting from resource depletion, record high oil prices, clean water shortages, high costs of pharmaceuticals, and changing climate conditions. Among many potential solutions, advance in membrane technology is one of the most direct, effective and feasible approaches to solve these sophisticated issues. This membrane book presents cutting-edge membrane research and development for water reuse and desalination, energy development including biofuels, CO2 capture, pharmaceutical purification and separation, and biomedical applications.

Chemistry is intimately involved in the development of the oldest known civilizations, resulting in a range of chemical technologies that not only continue to be part of modern civilized societies, but are so commonplace that it would be hard to imagine life without them. Such chemical technology has a very long and rich history, in some cases dating back to as early as 20,000 BCE. Chemistry Technology in Antiquity aims to present the discovery, development, and early history of a range of such chemical technologies, with the added goal of including a number of smaller subjects often ignored in the presentation of early chemical technology. While the book does not aim to be a comprehensive coverage of the full range of chemical technologies practiced during antiquity, it provides a feel and appreciation for both the deep history involved with these topics, as well as the complexity of the chemical processes that were being utilized at such a very early time period.

Climate change is a major challenge facing modern society. The chemistry of air and its influence on the climate system forms the main focus of this book. Vol. 2 of Chemistry of the Climate System takes a problem-based approach to presenting global atmospheric processes, evaluating the effects of changing air compositions as well as possibilities for interference with these processes through the use of chemistry.

Founded in 1876, the Meriden Flint Glass Company produced internationally renowned glass which adorned ornate lanterns, jewelry boxes, vases, and many other intricate pieces. Although it was only in operation for a brief time, the company remains an important landmark in Meriden, Connecticut as well as the history of the American glassmaking industry. Author Diane Tobin details the history of the company, drawing upon extensive sources ranging from local Meriden papers and even the personal diary of the company's intrepid leader, Joseph Bourne. Fascinating insights into how the famous glass was made, the role the company played in early labor movements and the growth of Meriden alongside it, round out this exciting history of the Meriden Flint Glass Company.

Advances in Environmental Electrochemistry provides the basics of environmental electrochemistry, including redox reactions for contaminant removal, bio-electrochemical systems, electrochemical reactor design and the various electrochemistry-based techniques for practical wastewater degradation, environmental remediation and bioenergy recovery from waste. Technologies acting as key indicators for addressing the various aspects of environmental electrochemistry are covered, along with comparisons to conventional methods and potential ways forward. This book will be of interest to chemical engineers, environmental engineers, and all those interested in environmental biotechnology, bio-electrochemical systems, electrochemical sensors, advanced oxidation processes, biological wastewater treatment, and waste to energy recovery.

Biodegradable and Edible Food Packaging: Trends and Technologies presents the concept, status and recent advancements of Biodegradable and Edible packaging materials. The book offers broad and available information regarding principles of food packaging and its applications in different area of food and non-food. Chapters bring a detailed overview of the interaction of constituents and properties like physiochemical, mechanical, microbiological and engineering. The book also serves latest information regarding the packaging requirements of almost all food groups, including knowledge regarding biodegradable and edible food packaging materials that reduce environmental pollution. This is a solid reference book that helps readers understand different benefits of using biodegradable and edible films and their development and suitability with various foods.

Enzymes in Oil Processing: Recent Developments and Applications provides solid, quantitative descriptions and reliable guidelines surrounding the development of enzyme technology for oil processing. This book provides comprehensive understanding of topics such as enzymatic degumming, enzymatic interesterification and enzymatic biodiesel production, focusing on the different enzyme assisted extraction methods used in oil in various sources such as soybean, canola, corn, olive, etc. The book also highlights the most exciting enzymatic transesterification of cooking oil and bioremediation of cooking oil waste by lipases. This book will be of interest to researchers working in the fields of enzymes, oil processing, applied science and bio-wastes. It will also be useful to scientists working on the processing of oil by enzymes and students in the development of green and sustainable methods for the processing of oil in chemistry, biotechnology and chemical engineering.

Polymer Electrolyte–Based Electrochemical Devices: Advances, provides a complete overview of the theoretical and applied aspects of energy-related polymer electrolyte-based technologies. The book presents detailed thermodynamic and other basic requirements for smart materials like fuel cells, electrolyzers, batteries, sensors and devices for the abatement of pollutants. Delving into the physical-chemical, electrochemical, and mechanical properties of smart materials, it covers fundamental analysis and modeling to optimize the application of smart materials in terms of conductivity, chemical stability and kinetic properties. Detailed protocols for operation are suggested and discussed, including component development to optimize functionality, cost and upscaling. By exploring examples of actual prototypes based on recent research findings, analyzing requirements and cost estimate for large-scale production and implementation, as well as for their integration into existing systems, the environmental impact of multiple electrochemical applications is also examined.

Polymer Blend Nanocomposites for Energy Storage Applications presents the latest developments in polymer blend-based nanocomposites for applications in energy storage, covering theoretical concepts, preparation methods, characterization techniques, properties and performance. The book begins by introducing polymer blend-based nanocomposites, preparation methods, mechanisms, requirements, theory, modeling, and simulation, with subsequent sections covering the use of specific base materials, including elastomers, thermoplastics, thermoset polymers, and biodegradable polymers. Final sections covers polymer blend nanocomposites with different fillers, both for conducting polymers and non-conducting polymers. Devices discussed include capacitors, supercapacitors, batteries, fuel cells, and solar cells. Finally, other key aspects are considered, including the conversion from laboratory to industry and recycling and lifecycle assessment of polymer blend nanocomposites used in energy devices.

In todays’ world with its widespread usage of personal-care products, pharmaceuticals, surfactants, flame retardants, plasticizers, various industrial additives, metals and metalloids, pesticides, and pesticide metabolites, environmental contaminants are an increasing source of pollution with a severe effect on the ecological system. Industries that produce these contaminants must find answers to remediate this. Nanomaterials in Environmental Analysis contributes to solving this problem by providing researchers in industry and academia with promising applications of nanoparticles in detection techniques and in removal of chemical species from the environment. Each chapter covers an aspect of using nanoparticles in detecting, measuring and remediating toxic chemical species in the environment.

Current Trends and Future Developments on (Bio-) Membranes: Recent Achievements for Ion-Exchange Membranes focuses on introducing and analyzing ion-exchange membranes performance and overviewing recent achievements in the structural development of ion-exchange membranes in various applications. Hence, this book is a key reference text for R&D managers in who are interested in the development of ion-exchange membrane technologies as well as academic researchers and postgraduate students working in the wider area of strategic treatments, separation and purification processes.

Micro Fluidization: Fundamentals and Applications provides background and history on micro fluidized bed research and development, summarizes and analyzes the hydrodynamic characteristics of gas-solid micro fluidized beds, and delves into areas such as research results of delayed onsets of minimum, bubbling and slugging fluidization regimes, as well as of the advanced transitions to turbulent and fast fluidization regimes. Based on these results, the wall effects - the key mechanism resulting in the unique behavior of micro fluidization - are analyzed. Other sections discuss gas and solid mixing characteristics in terms of gas residence time distribution, gas backmixing, and solids mixing. Final sections focus on presentations of the so-called micro fluidized bed reaction analyzer (MFBRA) - a powerful tool for catalyst screening, process development, optimization of reaction parameters, studies of reaction mechanism and kinetics, among many other purposes. The book describes, in detail, the MFBRA's system design characteristics, analytic methodologies and various applications in thermochemical and catalytic reaction analysis.

High Pressure Thermal Processing provides a detailed understanding on the technology itself, what it can be used for, and the benefits of the technology over conventional processing. From an academic perspective, all sections clearly outline the intricacies of the technology, new applications (other than for spore inactivation) and how technology related process variables impact on food, quality attributes, textures, safety, and chemical aspects, etc. From a manufacturer perspective, throughout the product development stage and the actual commercial implementation, the book content will assist users greatly in doing this efficiently and safely. Within a single reference book, this book reaches researchers in academia who face the challenge to drive the science and assist the manufacturers to commercialize these new technologies. It is also ideal for regulators around the world who need to assess these new technologies and implement guidelines for manufacturers.

Engineering Principles, Modelling and Economics of Evaporative Coolers covers the basic engineering and technical principles behind the operation and construction of evaporative coolers, also highlighting challenges. The book presents the reader with selected case studies on modelling in the cooling chamber and explains the economic implications an evaporative structure can bring. Edited by a team of specialists, the book also explains the strong dependence of the technology's performance on environmental conditions, and hence the limits on temperature control in the preservation of post-harvest agriculture products. Evaporative coolers are an ancient technology, invented long before the introduction of chemical refrigerants as used in modern fridges or cooling towers. This two volume set covers the topic, with practical applications, construction techniques, and operation of the technology.

Global E-waste Management Strategies and Future Implications provides in-depth information about the global E-waste problem and the potential opportunities. Part 1 of this book starts with the introduction to the E-waste, sources, critical composition, and associated challenges & opportunities. Part 2 of this book further elaborates detailed overview of the current trends in E-waste management and existing treatment options (hydrometallurgy, pyrometallurgy, bioleaching and biohydrometallurgy) and its implications. The book also discloses the critical implications of the secondary pollutants on the environment and human health with special emphasis on the informal recycling practices in the developing nations. Part 3 deals with the existing regulations in developed and developing countries which are illustrated using case studies for effective understanding and to bridge the gaps between the developed and developing nations. Part 4 of this book includes scientific and technical information to get a better vision and understanding of the most advanced and innovative methods for E-waste management such as life cycle assessment (LCA), tax credit, extended producer responsibility (EPR), extended consumer responsibility (ECR) which is explained systematically with case studies. Part 5 of this book covers the best E-waste management practises, such as reduce, recycle, recover and reuse (4R) principles, circular resource management, value out of waste (VoW), solutions for smart cities, green product design etc., which is explained using the ideal case studies. Part 6 summarizes the transition towards sustainability.

Crises in Oil, Gas and Petrochemical Industries: Loss Prevention and Disaster Management, Volume Two provides an overview of both natural and manmade disasters occurring in oil, gas and petrochemical industries and prepares special solutions based on their types. The book focuses on loss prevention and disaster management in petrochemical industries from different points-of-view. Sections review methods for making the apparatus safer and continue with discussions on the process of facing and managing disasters during the occurrence. Final sections cover loss and economic analysis after disasters and methods of reversibility are presented with case studies from around the world.

Ceramic Matrix Composites: Lifetime and Strength Prediction Under Static and Stochastic Loading focuses on the strain response and lifetime prediction of fiber-reinforced ceramic-matrix composites under stress-rupture loading at intermediate temperatures. Typical damage mechanisms of matrix cracking, interface debonding and oxidation, and fiber's oxidation and fracture are considered in the micromechanical analysis. Effects of composite's constituent properties, peak stress, and testing temperature on the composite's strain response and lifetime are analyzed in detail. Comparison of constant and different stochastic stress spectrum on composite's damage evolution and fracture are also discussed. The book will be a practical guide for the material researcher and component designer needing to better understand the composite's damage and fracture behavior under stress-rupture loading at intermediate temperatures.

Green Membrane Technology Towards Environmental Sustainability covers experimental and theoretical aspects of greener membranes and processes. The book fills the gap in current literature and offers a platform that introduces and discusses new routes in fabricating green membranes and processes for developing green membranes. Although membranes and membrane processes have decades of history, rapid development in membranes manufacturing and emerging membrane driven markets is requiring new and more sustainable engagement of manufacturers, membrane operators and scientists. This book is written for chemical and polymer engineers, materials scientists, professors, graduate students, as well as general readers at universities, research institutions and R&D departments in industries who are engaged in sustainable engineering and practical strategies in circular economy.

Magnetic Nanoferrites and their Composites: Environmental and Biomedical Applications addresses recent developments in this important research field. The book covers the latest synthesis and fabrication techniques, properties, characterization and multifunctional biomedical and environmental applications. Chapters provide cutting-edge research while addressing the latest scenarios, recent developments, future aspects, and challenges and opportunities attributed to their excellent properties, including large surface-to-volume ratio, high chemical stability, low eddy losses, moderate values of saturation magnetization and coercivity, large adsorption, non-toxicity, bio-degradable and biocompatibility. This book will be a valuable reference resource for researchers, engineers and technologists working in this important research field. Magnetic nanoferrites and their composites are now utilized in a broad range of different application fields such as catalysis, biomedicine, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), tissue targeting, drug delivery, sensors, environmental remediation, data storage, transformers, switching devices, high frequency and microwave devices.

Polyurea: Synthesis, Properties, Composites, Production, and Applications is a comprehensive and practical guide to polyurea, a material used for its exceptional properties and performance in a range of high value industrial applications. Sections cover polyurea formulations and properties, comparing aromatic polyurea with aliphatic polyurea and computation modeling of properties for polyurea and polyurea composites. This is followed by in-depth coverage of synthesis, structure and production methods of polyurea, with the connections between production, performance and properties examined thoroughly. Other sections explain the preparation, characterization, modeling and applications of polyurea and polyurea composites with the required properties for specific advanced applications. Finally, environmental issues, recycling and future potential of polyurea are considered. This is a valuable resource for researchers and advanced students in polymer science, chemistry, composite science, civil engineering, materials science and mechanical engineering, as well as R&D professionals, engineers and industrial scientists with an interest in polyurea-based materials for advanced applications.

Sustainable Technologies for Remediation of Emerging Pollutants from Aqueous Environment compiles and collates advanced technologies for the purification of water and wastewater. The book covers the biological purification of wastewater, the use of adsorbents for decontamination of water, the role of membrane technology and its composites for removing emerging pollutants, and applications of advanced oxidation processes (AOP) for removal of emerging pollutants. This resource provides a single source solution to academicians and young researchers by assembling the latest information on the application of the conventional and non-conventional in water and wastewater purification.

Turquoise Hydrogen: An Effective Pathway to Decarbonization and Value Added Carbon Materials, Volume 61 in the Advances in Chemical Engineering series, reports on the latest advances in turquoise hydrogen production technologies, including thermo-catalytic, plasma and molten media conversion of natural gas and hydrocarbons streams. Chapters in this new release include Perspective, economic potential and overview of current technologies and challenges, Catalytic and non-catalytic chemical kinetics of hydrocarbons cracking for hydrogen and carbon materials production, Fluid dynamics aspects and reactor scale simulations of chemical reactors, Developments in lab-scale reactors for thermo catalytic production of hydrogen and carbon material, and more. Additional sections cover Product spectra, properties, performances and market applications of carbon materials from hydrocarbons cracking, Molten media pyrolysis technologies for hydrocarbons cracking, Opportunities for turquoise hydrogen production and utilization in the metals and steel industry, and Industrial scale reactors for materials production from hydrocarbons cracking.