This is an introduction to the history of languages, from the distant past to a glimpse at what languages may be like in the distant future. It looks at how languages arise, change, and ultimately vanish, and what lies behind their different destinies. What happens to languages, he argues, has to do with what happens to the people who use them, and what happens to people, individually and collectively, is affected by the languages they speak.
The book opens by examining what the languages are the hunter-gatherers might have spoken and the changes to language that took place when agriculture made settled communities possible. It then looks at the effects of the invention of writing, the formation of empires, the spread of religions, and the recent dominance of world powers, and shows how these relate to great changes in the use of languages. Tore Janson discusses the appearance of new languages, the reasons why some languages spread and others die, considers whether similar cyclical processes are found at different times and places, and examines the causes of internal changes in languages and dialects.
The book ranges widely among the world's languages and mixes thematic chapters on general processes of change with accounts of specific languages, including Chinese, Arabic, Latin, Greek, and English.

Damascius was head of the Neoplatonist academy in Athens when the Emperor Justinian shut its doors forever in 529. His work, Problems and Solutions Concerning First Principles, is the last surviving independent philosophical treatise from the Late Academy. Its survey of Neoplatonist metaphysics, discussion of transcendence, and compendium of late antique theologies, make it unique among all extant works of late antique philosophy. It has never before been translated into English.
The Problems and Solutions exhibits a thorough?going critique of Proclean metaphysics, starting with the principle that all that exists proceeds from a single cause, proceeding to critique the Proclean triadic view of procession and reversion, and severely undermining the status of intellectual reversion in establishing being as the intelligible object. Damascius investigates the internal contradictions lurking within the theory of descent as a whole, showing that similarity of cause and effect is vitiated in the case of processions where one order (e.g. intellect) gives rise to an entirely different order (e.g. soul).
Neoplatonism as a speculative metaphysics posits the One as the exotic or extopic explanans for plurality, conceived as immediate, present to hand, and therefore requiring explanation. Damascius shifts the perspective of his metaphysics: he struggles to create a metaphysical discourse that accommodates, insofar as language is sufficient, the ultimate principle of reality. After all, how coherent is a metaphysical system that bases itself on the Ineffable as a first principle? Instead of creating an objective ontology, Damascius writes ever mindful of the limitations of dialectic, and of the pitfalls and snares inherent in the very structure of metaphysical discourse.

A scholarly edition of letters by Lady Mary Wortley Montagu. The edition presents an authoritative text, together with an introduction, commentary notes, and scholarly apparatus.

An annual collection of studies on individuals who have made major contributions to the development of geography and geographical thought. Each paper describes the geographer's education, life, work, their influence and spread of academic ideas. A bibliography of their works and chronology is also incorporated. The work includes a listed general index, and cumulative index of geographers in the volumes published to date.

Uit stof, ster, planete word daar poësie gemaak. Die digter verken die geskape Univers met fyn aanvoeling en vernuf. Hier is ’n poëtiese fisikus op sy allerbeste.

Hennie Smith se aanleg vir wiskunde en wetenskap het hom tot ’n doktorsgraad in fisika geneem en ’n suksesvolle navorsingsloopbaan in Suid-Afrika en Frankryk. Sy aanvoeling vir poësie het hom egter deurgaans besiel en hy het telkens woorde gevind om emosiebelaaide insigte in verse neer te pen. Die fisika en kosmologie word vir hom ’n teleskoop om van die einders van die kosmos in te kyk op die binneruimte van menslike emosie.

Hier is van die kragtigste gedigte in Afrikaans wat die leser as ’n gedagtegolf tref en met nuwe denke oor die poësie laat. Die intense gedigte oor die roering en spanning tussen die manlike en vroulike het ook ’n kosmiese inslag wanneer hy soos Goethe in sy Faust ervaar dat die ewig vroulike hom motiveer en die volheid van die syn laat beleef. ’n Aantal verse reik uit na die grense van religie en filosofie.

Hier is ’n bundel wat die grense van dig-denke roer en verbreed.

The House of Stone delves into the tragic history of Zimbabwe through the lens of over 250 literary works. It examines the profound losses and despair experienced under Robert Mugabe's regime and the subsequent developments during the Second Republic under Emmerson Mnangagwa.

Through a rich tapestry of voices from Zimbabwean authors, journalists, and thinkers, Clarke explores themes of genocide, economic decline, and social decay, while also revealing untold stories and speculating on the country's future.

This important literary contribution invites readers to reflect on the complex narratives surrounding Zimbabwe's history and its implications for the future.

Run for the Love of Life is a must-read for anyone who desires to escape the day-to-day sameness of our new pandemic-informed lives, or who seeks to feel alive, inspired, and filled with a renewed enthusiasm for the year ahead.

It recounts the extraordinary journey of South African Erica Terblanche, an ordinary woman who manages to not only achieve – but excel – on the world stage of extreme distance-running in some of the most inhospitable and majestic landscapes across the planet. Raw, honest and infinitely human, this part-memoir, part-travel novel thunders through one exotic race location after the other, as the runners battle the elements and each other across the vastness of the Sahara, Atacama and Namib Deserts, the great Grand Canyon, Turkish Cappadocia and the Kalahari Desert, to name only a few.

But more than just a book on racing, what makes this novel infinitely compelling and rewarding is that in the echoes of Erica’s story, one begins to sense the pulse of one’s own potential and long-forgotten dreams. While you may laugh, cry, and forget to take a breath at times, it is inevitable that Run will spur you on to find your own bliss, that which is buried deep within your soul and body.

At its heart, Run for the love of life is a story about love, forgiveness, perseverance and growth, and about the important things in life that ultimately makes us happy. Told with wit, humour and vulnerability, it is a book that will stay with the reader long after the final page is turned.

Students often struggle to understand linguistic concepts through examples of language data provided in class or in texts. Presented with ambiguous information, students frequently respond that they do not 'get it'. The solution is to find an example of humour that relies on the targeted ambiguity. Once they laugh at the joke, they have tacitly understood the concept, and then it is only a matter of explaining why they found it funny. Utilizing cartoons and jokes illustrating linguistic concepts, this book makes it easy to understand these concepts, while keeping the reader's attention and interest. Organized like a course textbook in linguistics, it covers all the major topics in a typical linguistics survey course, including communication systems, phonetics and phonology, morphemes, words, phrases, sentences, language use, discourses, child language acquisition and language variation, while avoiding technical terminology.

This revised edition of a major textbook provides an introduction to the queries that arise in connection with bilingualism and the effect it has on the personality. It underlines the normality of speaking and using more than one language and aims to dispel many myths and fears. It should interest all types of reader - parents, educators and policy makers, as well as language specialists. Since the first edition the author has spent time in California and is therefore able to give more attention to the needs of American students. He has worked as a specialist consultant to the Directorate General for Science, Education and Research of the Commission of the European Communities and for the Singapore Ministry of Education.

In this poignant memoir, Lesley Lysaght unravels the complex tapestry of her childhood in colonial Rhodesia, now Zimbabwe. At its heart is Silas, the man she called Sekuru—grandfather—who cared for her as a child and shaped her worldview.

Separated by war and politics, Lesley spends decades searching for Silas across continents. Her journey weaves through Zimbabwe’s tumultuous history, from white minority rule to independence and beyond.

More than a personal quest, Sekuru is a meditation on love that transcends racial boundaries, the lasting impacts of colonialism, and the power of human connection. As Lesley reconciles her privileged upbringing with her evolving understanding of injustice, she grapples with questions of identity, belonging, and responsibility.

Lyrical and introspective, Sekuru offers a unique perspective on family, race relations, and the enduring bonds that define us.

Work in morphology is typically concerned with productive word formation and regular inflection, in any event with open class categories such as verbs, nouns, and adjectives, and their various forms. The Architecture of Determiners, by contrast, is devoted to a set of function words: the closed class of determiners. While it is traditionally assumed that function words are syntactically atomic, Thomas Leu shows that a comparative perspective on a series of determiners - each insistently vivisected into its minimal morphotactic segments - reveals an anatomy with properties analogous to clausal syntax, including a lexical, an inflectional, and left peripheral layer, as well as transformational relations among subconstituents. Leu argues that determiners are extended adjectival projections with a closed class minimal stem. Leu focuses on Swiss German and German, using other Germanic and non-Germanic languages as a comparative domain. His discussion of the internal structure of determiners includes demonstratives (ch.2), distributive quantifiers (ch.4), possessive and negative determiners (ch.5), and interrogative determiners such as 'was fur' (ch.6). His main claim - that all of these involve extended adjectival projections - connects naturally to a discussion of adjectival / determiner inflection in German. Chapter 3 addresses the oft-debated strong versus weak agreement alternation in a novel way, proposing that the adjective moves within its own extended projection, in a way akin to verb movement to C in the clause. This accounts for the central facts of nominative and accusative inflection. Chapter 7, then, addresses dative and genitive morphology, setting them syntactically apart from adjectival / determiner inflection in a way that leads to a surprising account of most of the systematic (meta-) syncretism patterns in German adjectival inflection.

Hierdie omvattend herbewerkte uitgawe van die Stylboek wat in 2006 gepubliseer is, is ’n ideale naslaanbron vir almal wat in Afrikaans skryf. Dit is gerig op studente, akademici, redakteurs, joernaliste, resensente, redigeerders, taalpraktisyns en opvoeders. Skryfbeginsels word in die teks op eenvoudige en verstaanbare wys verduidelik en met talle voorbeelde toegelig. In die afdelings oor styl word verduidelik op watter wyse ’n teks oortuigend en aantreklik, duidelik en bondig aangebied kan word sodat effektief gekommunikeer kan word. Die gepaste toon vir verskillende kontekste, wat van formeel na informeel kan wissel, word uiteengesit en in ’n aparte hoofstuk word toeligtend oor die styl van wetenskaplike tekste geskryf. Twee toevoegings by die oorspronklike boek is ’n afdeling oor die styl van literere analises en resensies en ’n hoofstuk gewy aan “regte” en “verkeerde” taalgebruik.

There are no less than eight intimate exchanges in this ingenious tour de farce and each has two different endings; you can see Intimate Exchanges sixteen times and not see the same play twice! And one actor and one actress play all 10 characters. This is Ayckbourn's most unusual look yet at the foibles of middle class living.1 woman, 1 man

For centuries, philosophers have been puzzled by the fact that people often respect moral obligations as a matter of principle, setting aside considerations of self-interest. In more recent years, social scientists have been puzzled by the more general phenomenon of rule-following, the fact that people often abide by social norms even when doing so produces undesirable consequences. Experimental game theorists have demonstrated conclusively that the old-fashioned picture of "economic man," constantly reoptimizing in order to maximize utility in all circumstances, cannot provide adequate foundations for a general theory of rational action. The dominant response, however, has been a slide toward irrationalism. If people are ignoring the consequences of their actions, it is claimed, it must be because they are making some sort of a mistake. In Following the Rules, Joseph Heath attempts to reverse this trend, by showing how rule-following can be understood as an essential element of rational action. The first step involves showing how rational choice theory can be modified to incorporate deontic constraint as a feature of rational deliberation. The second involves disarming the suspicion that there is something mysterious or irrational about the psychological states underlying rule-following. According to Heath, human rationality is a by-product of the so-called "language upgrade" that we receive as a consequence of the development of specific social practices. As a result, certain constitutive features of our social environment-such as the rule-governed structure of social life-migrate inwards, and become constitutive features of our psychological faculties. This in turn explains why there is an indissoluble bond between practical rationality and deontic constraint. In the end, what Heath offers is a naturalistic, evolutionary argument in favor of the traditional Kantian view that there is an internal connection between being a rational agent and feeling the force of one's moral obligations.

Foreword by George C. Schoolfield>

The ancient world served as an unconventional source of inspiration for a generation of modernists. Drawing on examples from literature, dance, photography, and film, Modernism's Mythic Pose argues that a strain of antimodern-classicism permeates modernist celebrations of novelty, shock, and technology.
The touchstone of Preston's study is Delsartism--the popular transnational movement which promoted mythic statue--posing, poetic recitation, and other hybrid solo performances for health and spiritual development. Derived from nineteenth-century acting theorist Francois Delsarte and largely organized by women, Delsartism shaped modernist performances, genres, and ideas of gender. Even Ezra Pound, a famous promoter of the "new," made ancient figures speak in the "old" genre of the dramatic monologue and performed public recitations. Recovering precedents in nineteenth-century popular entertainments and Delsartism's hybrid performances, this book considers the canonical modernists Pound and T. S. Eliot, lesser-known poets like Charlotte Mew, the Russian filmmaker Lev Kuleshov, Isadora Duncan the international dance star, and H.D. as poet and film actor.
Preston's interdisciplinary engagement with performance, poetics, modern dance, and silent film demonstrates that studies of modernism often overemphasize breaks with the past. Modernism also posed myth in an ambivalent relationship to modernity, a halt in the march of progress that could function as escapism, skeptical critique, or a figure for the death of gods and civilizations."

From the organization of a speech to knowing your audience, your vocals, and the delivery, this essential guide covers an entire course on public speaking yet is handy enough to reference throughout your speech preparation. With more preparation comes more confidence and with added inspiration throughout this guide you will stand to deliver.

Differentiate text for: Approaching-one grade below, On-Level-at grade level Beyond- one grade above, ELL-English Language Learners. Each reader features a main selection accompanied by a paired piece with the same theme. Nonfiction titles are differentiated in readability but identical in design. Excite students with myths, legends, folktales, informational texts, and many more genres.

Instantly create hundreds of sentences for communication in Japanese whether for a language course, travel or business. This 6 page laminated guide provides sample sentences with color-coded nouns verbs and adjectives within those sentences that can be replaced with words of the same color from a color coded bank of words that can be plugged into those sentences. To change the sentence, pick a different color-coded noun, verb or adjective for a wide range of sentences for communication. Categories follow those of beginner and intermediate Japanese language courses, which are the same categories that cover those subjects that are helpful to a traveler on vacation or on a business trip. 6-page laminated guide includes: Japanese Hiragana Syllables Chart Katakana Syllables Chart Greetings Common Helpful Words Common Helpful Phrases Adjectives Basic Question Words Introductions Polite Phrases Personal Family Titles for Addressing People Colors Months, Days & Dates, Time Measurements Numbers, Counters Seasons & Holidays Weather Money, Shopping Transportation & Travel Directions Daily Living Entertainment & Hobbies Food, Dining Out Workplace & School Communications Health & Medical Care Emergencies Geography