This textbook is an introduction to game theory, which is the systematic analysis of decision-making in interactive settings. Game theory can be of great value to business managers. The ability to correctly anticipate countermove by rival firms in competitive and cooperative settings enables managers to make more effective marketing, advertising, pricing, and other business decisions to optimally achieve the firm's objectives. Game theory does not always accurately predict how rivals will act in strategic situations, but does identify a decision maker's best response to situations involving move and countermove. As Nobel Prize winner Thomas Shelling noted: "We may wish to understand how participants actually do conduct themselves in conflict situations; an understanding of the 'correct' play may give us a bench mark for the study of actual behavior." The concise and axiomatic approach to the material presented in this textbook is easily accessible to students with a background in the principles of microeconomics and college mathematics. The selection and organizations of topics makes the textbook appropriate for use in a wide range of curricula by students with different backgrounds.

This open access book explores the impact of Covid-19 on universities, and how students, staff, faculty and academic leaders have adapted to and dealt with the impact of the pandemic. Drawing on experiences from Britain, Australia and Sweden, it showcases how Covid has challenged routines and procedures in universities, and thrown them into a disarray of ever-changing events and short-term adaptations. The authors pay particular attention to how students, staff, faculty, and leaders have coped with Covid, through a series of autobiographical portraits of their strains but also heroic efforts in the harshest of circumstances. This important book explores the exceptional ramifications of the pandemic but also how universities may contribute to a fairer and more robust society and concludes with a set of prescriptions for universities that aim to be proactive and resilient forces in society. It will be of interest to scholars interested in higher education, governance and organizational studies. This is an open access book.

This book examines the behavior of high-tech startups and important aspects of innovation ecosystems in Brazil. It discusses how the local business environment boosts startups and high-tech entrepreneurship, leading to the most successful implementation of technology parks and incubation movements in Latin America. In the first part, the chapters explore the experience of Brazilian high-tech startups with regard to innovation, funding, background of the entrepreneur and their efforts entering international markets. The second part is dedicated to innovation ecosystems and explains the role of business incubators, acceleration programs, and university entrepreneurship in the country.

Measure, manage and get the most out of your marketing. Key Marketing Metrics is the definitive guide to today's most valuable marketing metrics. In this thoroughly updated and significantly expanded book, you will understand the pros, the cons and the nuances of more than 50 of the most important metrics, and know exactly how to choose the right one for every challenge. With leading experts, discover how to build your reputation by: Using marketing dashboards to view market dynamics from multiple perspectives, maximize accuracy, and "triangulate" to optimal solutions Applying high-value metrics for virtually every facet of marketing to maximise the return on your investment and identify the best new opportunities for profit Building models to assist with planning to give you the best tools for decision-making In its third edition, this award-winning book now includes the latest web, online, social, and email metrics, plus new insights into measuring marketing ROI and brand equity.

This book focuses on the cultural challenges often faced by international managers and global business operations. In the last few decades, the world has witnessed unprecedented economic turmoil, volatility, and uncertainty which has altered the political dynamics and sociocultural landscape around the globe and directly or indirectly affected international business activities. Further, new markets have opened up in every corner of the world. Brazil, Russia, India, and China, collectively known as BRIC, are strong emerging economic powers similar to the once captivated 'Asian Tigers' such as Hong Kong, Singapore, South Korea and Taiwan which rose decades ago. The emergence of these markets has heightened both the opportunities and challenges for national and international businesses. Multinational firms are gradually expanding in the emerging markets and are expected to become giants in the foreseeable future. As they expand, they also need to assume increasing social responsibilities in a global context, and it is important that the ways business is conducted are developed accordingly. As such, understanding the practices, challenges, and strategies that companies have developed is critical to global firm's success. Against this background, the book highlights the importance of understanding cultural elements when managing multicultural human behaviors in the workplace. Based on conceptual and empirical work, it pushes the frontiers of knowledge of this emerging field in international business setup and management, and explores how globalization is changing the way in which multinational firms formulate their business strategies. "The editors of this text bring a wealth of expertise in this area, as is evidenced by their choice of topics, and the strength of the experts they have invited to contribute to the book. The combined chapters provide both strategic guidance as well as a focus on operational concerns that may arise in international business including expatriation and human resource mobility. The authors not only correctly identify the oncoming challenges, but also present evidence regarding the likely solutions such as culture and innovation and global change management. Overall, this book will be a tremendous resource for scholars in the international business field, but I believe the audience will be much wider. The international team of editors and authors bring a wide range of perspective as well as real-world contextual knowledge that will be useful for scholars and practitioners who seek to leverage culture and human capital to advance international business and drive the global economy. I applaud the editors for their vision and leadership in guiding us through one of the most challenging contemporary research areas and through one of the most pressing challenges of our day." -Dr. Richard L. Griffith, Executive Director, Institute for Cross Cultural Management, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, FL, USA

This book focuses on the development and trends of Chinese local luxury industry in the digital era, which brings a new round of manufacturing transformation and upgrading, as well as development opportunities. It reveals the connotation and mechanism of the new local luxury brands in China step by step by answering the questions of "what, why and how". Through the analysis of 200 + questionnaires by SPSS statistical tools and case study, the book concludes the internal mechanism and theoretical support for China to cultivate new local luxury brands. It presents an overview on the current China's local luxury industry.

Consumers make purchasing decisions every day, taking into account their needs, preferences and beliefs which may change due to various determinants; some depending on the consumers themselves and others on the organizations acting in the market. What determinants are inducing these changes in consumers` needs, perceptions, attitudes, values, and finally, purchasing behavior? This edited collection offers a comprehensive description of the consumer behavior process and the determinants that affect it in the era of digitalization. This book offers a holistic perspective of consumer behavior in the 21st century in different European cultures that are characterized by new technologies, including smartphones, AR, IoT, AI, and social media, as well as cultural changes and the Covid-19 pandemic. The first part of the book is devoted to characteristic phenomena in consumer behavior in the era of digitalization, such as changes in the consumer buying decision-making processes, e-commerce, prosumers' and consumers` attitudes towards innovations. The second part will describe the consumers, their decision-making processes, with examples from almost all geographical regions in Europe, including Germany, Spain, Italy, Finland, Poland and Russia. Both individually and collectively, the contributors provide discussion points and practical implications resulting from the changes observed in consumer behavior in each country. European Consumers in the Digital Era provides a comprehensive overview of digital consumer behavior, offering timely insights for scholars and researchers. It will also appeal to postgraduate students of related fields, including marketing, innovation and sociology.

In this book, the authors analyze big data on global interdependence caused by the flows of commodities, money, and people, using a network science approach to obtain differing views of globalization and to clarify the facts on isolation of communities. Globalization reduces international economic inequality, i.e., it allows emerging countries to catch up while it increases relative poverty in some advanced countries. How should this trade-off between international and domestic inequalities be resolved? At the same time, the reduction of biocultural diversity caused by globalization needs to be avoided. What kind of change is required in local communities to conserve biocultural diversity? On the issue of commodity flow, research results of the supply-chain network, isolation in industry, and resource flows and stocks are presented in this book. For monetary flow, ownership networks, value-added networks, and profit shifting were studied; and regarding the flow of people, linkage of ethnic groups, immigrant assimilation, and refugees were examined. Based on the resulting view of globalization and isolation, the development of the isolation index using machine learning is discussed. Finally, recommendations for evidence-based policymaking in the United Nations are considered.

This book is an essential guide to understanding how managers in China and Southeast Asia make effective economic decisions. In today's competitive global economy, it's vital to grasp how the most dynamic part of Asia is employing accounting tools in actual practice. The carefully crafted empirical studies presented here demonstrate the application of management accounting concepts in a variety of economic scenarios. Overall, these comparative investigations describe theory and common practices in a way that yields insights for both strategic and day-to-day problem solving. Accordingly, Management Accounting in China and Southeast Asia will interest graduate students, professional practitioners, and researchers in accounting, management, and finance.

The objective of this book is to contribute to the role that consumer behaviour research plays as a well established research discipline in an international context. This book outlines the state of the art in consumer behaviour and provides insights into new developments including the emotional and cognitive as well as social factors influencing consumer behaviour.

This book deals with leadership trends in the next decade and beyond. It critically examines how knowledge management can be used to address emerging societal and business issues, such as sustaining complex product quality, controlling automation generated unemployment, increasing cyber insecurity in virtual workforce environment, and unstable government and market trends. These issues require unique leadership qualities to be effective in extremely challenging business and socio-political environments. Included among the topics explored by the authors in this book are: investment for the development of diverse human capital, use of data analytics for performance improvement, declining demographic dividends in population deficient areas, and globally increasing women and minority education and employment. Scholars in business and economics, and managers in industry and government will find this book to be a valuable resource in exploring new directions for the future development of leadership.

This book is the product of a team-teaching course entitled, "Issues in Economic Development" offered to the final-year students of Department of Economics and Finance at Hong Kong Shue Yan University. In this volume, the authors comprehensively survey world's most controversial issues in economic and political affairs. Topics in this volume cover Christianity-Islam confrontation; ISIS and anti-terrorism; North Korea and Taiwan-Strait Crises; China's rise as a global power; Brexit; Artificial Intelligence; Bitcoin; same sex marriage; global warming; happiness and well-being. This book can be used as a reader or textbook in courses such as "International Political Economy" and "International Development", or as a reference for scholars and policy makers.

Methods for Consumer Research, Volume Two: Alternative Approaches and Special Applications brings together world leading experts in global consumer research who provide a fully comprehensive state-of-the-art coverage of emerging methodologies and their innovative application. The book puts consumer research in-context with coverage of immersive techniques and virtual reality, while also looking at health-related Issues in consumer science, including sections on food intake and satiation. Other sections delve into physiological measurements within the context of consumer research and how to design studies for specific populations. In conjunction with the first volume, which covers new approaches to classical methodology, this book is an invaluable reference for academics working in the fields of in-sensory and consumer science, psychology, marketing and nutrition. With examples of the methodology being applied throughout, it serves as a practical guide to research and development managers in both food and non-food companies.

The aim of this book is to offer up-to-date insights into the challenges for international firms represented by managing their marketing mix in "distant" countries, especially considering the role played by cultural distance. Building on the famous McCarthy's "4Ps," and on the concept of "cultural distance," the book outlines some key challenges and opportunities for firms that manage international marketing policies about "product," "price," "place," and "promotion" in culturally distant markets. At the same time, the book looks at extant conceptualizations and approaches considering the evolving environmental forces, which are contributing to further challenges for firms that are confronted with changing economic and social scenarios. Indeed, markets and societies are increasingly affected by multiculturalism, and new patterns in consumers' behaviors have emerged due to the proliferation of digital technologies and, more recently, due to several market disruptions such as the COVID-19 pandemic. How do firms manage culturally distant and increasingly evolving cultural environments is a relevant topic worthy of discussion from both a theoretical perspective and a practice-based approach, through the analysis of real-world case studies. Researchers of cross-cultural marketing and practitioners intending to get acquainted with the latest research on the topic would particularly benefit from this book.

* Designed as a core textbook for a broad range of essential Marketing courses and modules, with textbook pedagogy included throughout to aid understanding and cement learning. * Uniquely practical and applied in its approach with an emphasis on employability, with a 25,000-word running case study embedded within each chapter, which enables students to 'progress' through a 'marketing career' by applying their newly learned knowledge into realistic and modern context. * Unlike the competition in the area, this is a concise textbook, which is user-friendly for a wide, international readership.

* Designed as a core textbook for a broad range of essential Marketing courses and modules, with textbook pedagogy included throughout to aid understanding and cement learning. * Uniquely practical and applied in its approach with an emphasis on employability, with a 25,000-word running case study embedded within each chapter, which enables students to 'progress' through a 'marketing career' by applying their newly learned knowledge into realistic and modern context. * Unlike the competition in the area, this is a concise textbook, which is user-friendly for a wide, international readership.

This book discusses the role historical events played in determining the pattern of growth of Indian manufacturing. Two important historical events significantly influenced the course of Indian manufacturing from the 15th century AD. The first was the arrival of European merchants via sea route pioneered by Vasco-da-Gamma in 1498 and the other was the dawn of the Mughal Empire in 1526. The book explores how these two events provided the appropriate stimulus for the emergence of traditional flexible manufacturing in India and how they played a vital role in the pattern of growth of the Indian manufacturing: The Mughal Empire created an integrated economy of continental size whereas European trading companies expanded the commercial connectivity of the Indian economy and South East Asia. It further investigates how the circumstances created by the colonial administration, factor endowment and market conditions created the complex forms of manufacturing enterprises that India inherited at the time of independence. It is a valuable resource for students of history, economic history, business history and the history of technology.

This proceedings volume presents new methods and applications in applied economics with special interest in advanced cross-section data estimation methodology. Featuring select contributions from the 2019 International Conference on Applied Economics (ICOAE 2019) held in Milan, Italy, this book explores areas such as applied macroeconomics, applied microeconomics, applied financial economics, applied international economics, applied agricultural economics, applied marketing and applied managerial economics. International Conference on Applied Economics (ICOAE) is an annual conference that started in 2008, designed to bring together economists from different fields of applied economic research, in order to share methods and ideas. Applied economics is a rapidly growing field of economics that combines economic theory with econometrics, to analyze economic problems of the real world, usually with economic policy interest. In addition, there is growing interest in the field of applied economics for cross-section data estimation methods, tests and techniques. This volume makes a contribution in the field of applied economic research by presenting the most current research. Featuring country specific studies, this book is of interest to academics, students, researchers, practitioners, and policy makers in applied economics, econometrics and economic policy.

Offering a holistic approach to positive luxury, this comprehensive book provides a novel framework grounded in the new paradigm of Transformative Luxury Research (TLR) stream. TLR helps luxury businesses and researchers develop in-depth knowledge about the mechanisms and factors that shape the future of positive luxury thinking and doing while promoting collective and individual well-being outcomes, social justice, eco-friendly practices, and sustainable growth, involving various stakeholders, communities, and institutions across developed and developing countries. Through a wide range of empirical, methodological, and theoretical contributions, examining the social, environmental, organizational, political, and cultural issues in responsible luxury marketing, this book explores the relationship between luxury consumption, production, and well-being outcomes. It offers a comprehensive overview of how luxury businesses can transform their practices and thus play an active role in promoting positive luxury within the industry and beyond along with enhancing their competitiveness, innovation, and profitability. The idea of well-being outcomes and sustainable growth, as applied in the TLR agenda, calls for synergistic theoretical and practical approaches. The content of this book, through different exciting chapters, will generate novel ideas to promote positive luxury business models leading luxury firms to transform their practices by advancing the current understanding of ethical and responsible business practices, which contribute to individual and collective well-being within the luxury field.

This proceedings volume provides a multifaceted perspective on current challenges and opportunities that organizations face in their efforts to develop and grow in an ever more complex environment. Featuring selected contributions from the 2019 Griffiths School of Management Annual Conference (GSMAC) on Business, Entrepreneurship and Ethics, this book focuses on the role of creativity, technology and ethics in facilitating the transformation organizations need in order to be ready for the future and succeed. Growth and development have always been imperative for people, organizations, and societies and a relevant topic in the management sciences. Globalization, along with dramatic changes in social, cultural, and technological progress, are the main factors that determine the current conditions for development, putting forth a new set of challenges and opportunities that are putting pressure on organisations to adapt. Although technology and creativity seem to be the mantra for success in this new context, issues around the ethics of these two factors also seem to be crucial to the sustainability of growth in organizations. Featuring contributions on topics such as academic marketing, technology in healthcare organizations, ethical issues in hospitality, artificial intelligence and data mining, this book provides research and tools for students, professors, practitioners and policy makers in the fields of business, management, public administration and sociology.

Over the past few decades emerging markets have experienced an increased share of global manufacturing service within the fashion industry, coupled with an increasing market share, particularly for women's mid-market apparel. In order for fashion firms to succeed in these markets it is crucial to gain an understanding of the state of the industry, macro-environmental factors, traditions and religious beliefs. A one-size-fits-all approach to global fashion marketing strategy now requires a step-change; fashion firms require dedicated strategies which fit the need of the fashion brands that are operating or seeking to operate within emerging markets. In this contributed volume, authors shed light on fashion marketing strategy for emerging economies and recognise these markets as major growth centres. Chapters explore core topics such as brand management, sustainability, digital marketing, analytics and data science. Covering a wide range of emerging markets, chapters provide case studies from China, India, Ethiopia, Romania, Turkey, Brazil and Nigeria, among others. This book responds to the growing demand for research, information, recommendations and insight from practitioners, entrepreneurs and academics who are eager to understand marketing strategies, tools and technologies that will work within this unique industry.

This book examines the dilemma of overdependence on tourism in Caribbean countries and territories, and the need for a resilient path to address the industry's vulnerability in the face of natural disasters. The chapters in the book question how tourism resilience is understood and practiced in Caribbean small island developing states (SIDS) and the factors that inform, undermine, or indeed redefine the sustainable resilience agenda for these territories. With its overreliance on tourism and vulnerability to climate, the Caribbean region finds itself susceptible and in need of an innovative approach in order to survive economically. Contributors to this volume touch on all three sustainability pillars and spanning across many tourism sector considerations, such as product development, stakeholder management, hotel management, marketing and entrepreneurship. By spanning the geography of the Anglophone and Spanish Caribbean this book offers a smorgasbord of conceptual and applied perspectives to researchers in the area of tourism resilience in SIDS. It also presents strategic considerations to public and private sector practitioners in implementing measures to strengthen the competitive positioning of their destinations as they contend with the dynamism of the external and internal environments.

* Provides a one-stop text on the theoretical underpinning, and application of, key sociological, psychological, philosophical and behavioural economic disciplines to the study of human, in particular consumer, behaviour. * The theories described in the book are universal, straddling cultures and countries and making the book truly international. * Written by a leading practitioner in the field, with decades of practical experience.

This book emphasizes the need for new directions and approaches for social and economic development in the emerging nations of the Asia-Pacific region through the use of Smart Technologies. It takes a holistic view of socio-economic and technical developments taking place through ASEAN and South Asia. Compared to practices in the 20th century, the use of Smart Technologies is likely to have a faster and greater impact on emerging nations (Smart Nations). Smart Technologies for Smart Nations: Perspectives from the Asia-Pacific Region is core reading for academics, professionals, and policymakers interested in technological developments in ASEAN and South Asia.

Summarizing the extant research on marketing communications, social media and word of mouth, this book clarifies terms often incorrectly and interchangeably used by scholars and marketers and provides principles of effective marketing communications in social media for different brand types and in different geographic markets. Conversations among consumers on social media now have an unprecedented ability to shape attitudes toward people, products, services, brands and to influence buying decisions. Consequently, the digital era brings to the fore the importance of interpersonal relations and the power of personal recommendations. This book is the first to empirically investigate how the form and appeal of marketing communications in social networks influence electronic word of mouth, including an examination of brand type and geographic market. The author focuses on motivations and reveals why people exchange opinions about brands, products and services in the digital environment. The book summarizes the existing research on marketing communications, social media and word of mouth, provides a cutting-edge knowledge based on the analysis of the actual behavior of consumers and rules of effective marketing communications in social media. This research-based book is written for scholars and researchers within the fields of marketing and communication. It may also be of interest to a wider audience interested in understanding how to use social media to influence electronic word of mouth.