An Introduction to Stata for Health Researchers, Fifth Edition updates this classic book that has become a standard reference for health researchers. As with previous editions, readers will learn to work effectively in Stata to perform data management, compute descriptive statistics, create meaningful graphs, fit regression models, and perform survival analysis. The fifth edition adds examples of performing power, precision, and sample-size analysis; working with Unicode characters; managing data with ICD-9 and ICD-10 codes; and creating customized tables. With many worked examples and downloadable datasets, this text is the ideal resource for hands-on learning, whether for students in a statistics course or for researchers in fields such as epidemiology, biostatistics, and public health who are learning to use Stata's tools for health research.

Nature tries to minimize the surface area of a soap film through the action of surface tension. The process can be understood mathematically by using differential geometry, complex analysis, and the calculus of variations. This book employs ingredients from each of these subjects to tell the mathematical story of soap films. The text is fully self-contained, bringing together a mixture of types of mathematics along with a bit of the physics that underlies the subject. The development is primarily from first principles, requiring no advanced background material from either mathematics or physics. Through the Maple applications, the reader is given tools for creating the shapes that are being studied. Thus, you can "see" a fluid rising up an inclined plane, create minimal surfaces from complex variables data, and investigate the "true" shape of a balloon. Oprea also includes descriptions of experiments and photographs that let you see real soap films on wire frames. The theory of minimal surfaces is a beautiful subject, which naturally introduces the reader to fascinating, yet accessible, topics in mathematics. This book is intended for advanced undergraduates, graduate students, and

With the development of computing technologies in today's modernized world, software packages have become easily accessible. Open source software, specifically, is a popular method for solving certain issues in the field of computer science. One key challenge is analyzing big data due to the high amounts that organizations are processing. Researchers and professionals need research on the foundations of open source software programs and how they can successfully analyze statistical data. Open Source Software for Statistical Analysis of Big Data: Emerging Research and Opportunities provides emerging research exploring the theoretical and practical aspects of cost-free software possibilities for applications within data analysis and statistics with a specific focus on R and Python. Featuring coverage on a broad range of topics such as cluster analysis, time series forecasting, and machine learning, this book is ideally designed for researchers, developers, practitioners, engineers, academicians, scholars, and students who want to more fully understand in a brief and concise format the realm and technologies of open source software for big data and how it has been used to solve large-scale research problems in a multitude of disciplines.

Im Mittelpunkt dieses essentials steht eine Einfuhrung in ein bekanntes statistisches Modell, das Hidden-Markov-Modell.Damit koennen Probleme bewaltigt werden, bei denen aus einer Folge von Beobachtungen auf die wahrscheinlichste zustandsspezifische Beschreibung geschlossen werden soll.Die Anwendungen des Hidden-Markov-Modells liegen hauptsachlich in den Bereichen Bioinformatik, Computerlinguistik, maschinelles Lernen und Signalverarbeitung.In diesem Buchlein werden die beiden zentralen Problemstellungen in HMMs behandelt.Das Problem der Inferenz wird mit dem beruhmten Viterbi-Algorithmus geloest, und das Problem der Parameterschatzung wird mit zwei bekannten Methoden angegangen (Erwartungsmaximierung und Baum-Welch).

In diesem anwendungsorientierten Lehrbuch werden kompakt alle elementaren statistischen Verfahren fur die OEkonomie anschaulich erklart. Der leicht verstandliche Text ist mit vielen Beispielen und UEbungen erganzt. Die praxisnahe Darstellung der Methoden wird durch die Erklarung und Anwendung der Statistikprogramme R (Open-Source-Progamm) und SPSS vervollstandigt. Im Text sind fur beide Programme viele Programmanweisungen enthalten. Zielgruppe sind insbesondere wirtschaftswissenschaftlich orientierte Studierende. Fur die 4. Auflage wurde das Buch uberarbeitet und erganzt. Leser des gedruckten Buchs erhalten nun in der Springer Nature Flashcards-App zusatzlich kostenfreien Zugriff auf 99 exklusive Lernfragen, mit denen sie ihr Wissen uberprufen koennen.

The statistical analyses that students of the life-sciences are being expected to perform are becoming increasingly advanced. Whether at the undergraduate, graduate, or post-graduate level, this book provides the tools needed to properly analyze your data in an efficient, accessible, plainspoken, frank, and occasionally humorous manner, ensuring that readers come away with the knowledge of which analyses they should use and when they should use them. The book uses the statistical language R, which is the choice of ecologists worldwide and is rapidly becoming the 'go-to' stats program throughout the life-sciences. Furthermore, by using a single, real-world dataset throughout the book, readers are encouraged to become deeply familiar with an imperfect but realistic set of data. Indeed, early chapters are specifically designed to teach basic data manipulation skills and build good habits in preparation for learning more advanced analyses. This approach also demonstrates the importance of viewing data through different lenses, facilitating an easy and natural progression from linear and generalized linear models through to mixed effects versions of those same analyses. Readers will also learn advanced plotting and data-wrangling techniques, and gain an introduction to writing their own functions. Applied Statistics with R is suitable for senior undergraduate and graduate students, professional researchers, and practitioners throughout the life-sciences, whether in the fields of ecology, evolution, environmental studies, or computational biology.

Statistical methods are a key tool for all scientists working with data, but learning the basics continues to challenge successive generations of students. This accessible textbook provides an up-to-date introduction to the classical techniques and modern extensions of linear model analysis-one of the most useful approaches for investigating scientific data in the life and environmental sciences. While some of the foundational analyses (e.g. t tests, regression, ANOVA) are as useful now as ever, best practice moves on and there are many new general developments that offer great potential. The book emphasizes an estimation-based approach that takes account of recent criticisms of over-use of probability values and introduces the alternative approach that uses information criteria. This new edition includes the latest advances in R and related software and has been thoroughly "road-tested" over the last decade to create a proven textbook that teaches linear and generalized linear model analysis to students of ecology, evolution, and environmental studies (including worked analyses of data sets relevant to all three disciplines). While R is used throughout, the focus remains firmly on statistical analysis. The New Statistics with R is suitable for senior undergraduate and graduate students, professional researchers, and practitioners in the fields of ecology, evolution and environmental studies.

This volume contains the papers presented at the 8th International Conf- ence on Independent Component Analysis (ICA) and Source Separation held in Paraty, Brazil, March 15-18, 2009. This year's event resulted from scienti?c collaborations between a team of researchers from ?ve di?erent Brazilian u- versities and received the support of the Brazilian Telecommunications Society (SBrT) as well as the ?nancial sponsorship of CNPq, CAPES and FAPERJ. Independent component analysis and signal separation is one of the most - citing current areas of research in statistical signal processing and unsupervised machine learning. The area has received attention from severalresearchcom- nities including machine learning, neural networks, statistical signal processing and Bayesian modeling. Independent component analysis and signal separation has applications at the intersection of many science and engineering disciplines concerned with understanding and extracting useful information from data as diverse as neuronal activity and brain images, bioinformatics, communications, the World Wide Web, audio, video, sensor signals, and time series.

Engaging and accessible, this book teaches readers how to use inferential statistical thinking to check their assumptions, assess evidence about their beliefs, and avoid overinterpreting results that may look more promising than they really are. It provides step-by-step guidance for using both classical (frequentist) and Bayesian approaches to inference. Statistical techniques covered side by side from both frequentist and Bayesian approaches include hypothesis testing, replication, analysis of variance, calculation of effect sizes, regression, time series analysis, and more. Students also get a complete introduction to the open-source R programming language and its key packages. Throughout the text, simple commands in R demonstrate essential data analysis skills using real-data examples. The companion website provides annotated R code for the book's examples, in-class exercises, supplemental reading lists, and links to online videos, interactive materials, and other resources. Pedagogical Features *Playful, conversational style and gradual approach; suitable for students without strong math backgrounds. *End-of-chapter exercises based on real data supplied in the free R package. *Technical explanation and equation/output boxes. *Appendices on how to install R and work with the sample datasets.

The 18th Conference of IASC-ERS, COMPSTAT'2008,is held in Porto,P- tugal,fromAugust24thtoAugust29th2008,locallyorganisedbytheFaculty of Economics of the University of Porto. COMPSTAT is an initiative of the European Regional Section of the Int- national Association for Statistical Computing (IASC-ERS), a section of the International Statistical Institute (ISI). COMPSTAT conferences started in 1974 in Wien; previous editions of COMPSTAT were held in Berlin (2002), Prague (2004) and Rome (2006). It is one of the most prestigious world conferences in Computational Statistics, regularly attracting hundreds of - searchers and practitioners, and has gained a reputation as an ideal forum for presenting top qualitytheoretical and applied work,promoting interdis- plinary researchand establishing contacts amongstresearcherswith common interests. COMPSTAT'2008 is the ?rst edition of COMPSTAT to be hosted by a Portuguese institution. Keynote lectures are addressed by Peter Hall (Department of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Melbourne), Heikki Mannila (Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki) and Timo Ter. asvirta (School of Economics and Management, University of Aarhus). The conference program includes two tutorials: "Computational Methods in Finance"byJamesGentle(DepartmentofComputationalandDataSciences, George Mason University) and "Writing R Packages" by Friedrich Leisch (Institut fur .. Statistik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit. at). Each COMPSTAT meeting is organised with a number of topics highlighted, which lead to - vited Sessions. The Conference program includes also contributed sessions in di?erent topics (both oral communications and posters).

What are the models used in phylogenetic analysis and what exactly is involved in Bayesian evolutionary analysis using Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods? How can you choose and apply these models, which parameterisations and priors make sense, and how can you diagnose Bayesian MCMC when things go wrong? These are just a few of the questions answered in this comprehensive overview of Bayesian approaches to phylogenetics. This practical guide: * Addresses the theoretical aspects of the field * Advises on how to prepare and perform phylogenetic analysis * Helps with interpreting analyses and visualisation of phylogenies * Describes the software architecture * Helps developing BEAST 2.2 extensions to allow these models to be extended further. With an accompanying website providing example files and tutorials (http://beast2.org/), this one-stop reference to applying the latest phylogenetic models in BEAST 2 will provide essential guidance for all users - from those using phylogenetic tools, to computational biologists and Bayesian statisticians.

R is a language and environment for data analysis and graphics. It may be considered an implementation of S, an award-winning language initially - veloped at Bell Laboratories since the late 1970s. The R project was initiated by Robert Gentleman and Ross Ihaka at the University of Auckland, New Zealand, in the early 1990s, and has been developed by an international team since mid-1997. Historically, econometricians have favored other computing environments, some of which have fallen by the wayside, and also a variety of packages with canned routines. We believe that R has great potential in econometrics, both for research and for teaching. There are at least three reasons for this: (1) R is mostly platform independent and runs on Microsoft Windows, the Mac family of operating systems, and various ?avors of Unix/Linux, and also on some more exotic platforms. (2) R is free software that can be downloaded and installed at no cost from a family of mirror sites around the globe, the Comprehensive R Archive Network (CRAN); hence students can easily install it on their own machines. (3) R is open-source software, so that the full source code is available and can be inspected to understand what it really does, learn from it, and modify and extend it. We also like to think that platform independence and the open-source philosophy make R an ideal environment for reproducible econometric research.

Experiments, surveys, measurements, and observations all generate data. These data can provide useful insights for solving problems, guiding decisions, and formulating strategy. Progressing from relatively unprocessed data to insight, and doing so efficiently, reliably, and confidently, does not come easily, and yet gaining insights from data is a fundamental skill for science as well as many other fields and often overlooked in most textbooks of statistics and data analysis. This accessible and engaging book provides readers with the knowledge, experience, and confidence to work with data and unlock essential information (insights) from data summaries and visualisations. Based on a proven and successful undergraduate course structure, it charts the journey from initial question, through data preparation, import, cleaning, tidying, checking, double-checking, manipulation, and final visualization. These basic skills are sufficient to gain useful insights from data without the need for any statistics; there is enough to learn about even before delving into that world! The book focuses on gaining insights from data via visualisations and summaries. The journey from raw data to insights is clearly illustrated by means of a comprehensive Workflow Demonstration in the book featuring data collected in a real-life study and applicable to many types of question, study, and data. Along the way, readers discover how to efficiently and intuitively use R, RStudio, and tidyverse software, learning from the detailed descriptions of each step in the instructional journey to progress from the raw data to creating elegant and informative visualisations that reveal answers to the initial questions posed. There are an additional three demonstrations online! Insights from Data with R is suitable for undergraduate students and their instructors in the life and environmental sciences seeking to harness the power of R, RStudio, and tidyverse software to master the valuable and prerequisite skills of working with and gaining insights from data.

Experiments, surveys, measurements, and observations all generate data. These data can provide useful insights for solving problems, guiding decisions, and formulating strategy. Progressing from relatively unprocessed data to insight, and doing so efficiently, reliably, and confidently, does not come easily, and yet gaining insights from data is a fundamental skill for science as well as many other fields and often overlooked in most textbooks of statistics and data analysis. This accessible and engaging book provides readers with the knowledge, experience, and confidence to work with data and unlock essential information (insights) from data summaries and visualisations. Based on a proven and successful undergraduate course structure, it charts the journey from initial question, through data preparation, import, cleaning, tidying, checking, double-checking, manipulation, and final visualization. These basic skills are sufficient to gain useful insights from data without the need for any statistics; there is enough to learn about even before delving into that world! The book focuses on gaining insights from data via visualisations and summaries. The journey from raw data to insights is clearly illustrated by means of a comprehensive Workflow Demonstration in the book featuring data collected in a real-life study and applicable to many types of question, study, and data. Along the way, readers discover how to efficiently and intuitively use R, RStudio, and tidyverse software, learning from the detailed descriptions of each step in the instructional journey to progress from the raw data to creating elegant and informative visualisations that reveal answers to the initial questions posed. There are an additional three demonstrations online! Insights from Data with R is suitable for undergraduate students and their instructors in the life and environmental sciences seeking to harness the power of R, RStudio, and tidyverse software to master the valuable and prerequisite skills of working with and gaining insights from data.

This practical guide is designed for students and researchers with an existing knowledge of R who wish to learn how to apply it in an epidemiological context and exploit its versatility. It also serves as a broader introduction to the quantitative aspects of modern practical epidemiology. The standard tools used in epidemiology are described and the practical use of R for these is clearly explained and laid out. R code examples, many with output, are embedded throughout the text. The entire code is also available on the companion website so that readers can reproduce all the results and graphs featured in the book. Epidemiology with R is an advanced textbook suitable for senior undergraduate and graduate students, professional researchers, and practitioners in the fields of human and non-human epidemiology, public health, veterinary science, and biostatistics.

Dieses Buch richtet sich an Studierende verschiedener Fachrichtungen, die das Softwarepaket Octave als kostenfreien und praktischen Lernassistenten nutzen moechten. Es stellt dar, wie sich Octave zur Loesung mathematischer Probleme aus technischen und ingenieurwissenschaftlichen Anwendungen einsetzen lasst. Nebenbei koennen mit diesem Buch elementare Programmierkenntnisse erlernt oder aufgefrischt werden. Da Octave Parallelen zu dem kostenpflichtigen, haufig auf Rechnerarbeitsplatzen in Hochschulen und forschungsorientierten Einrichtungen installierten Softwarepaket MATLAB aufweist, lassen sich die in diesem Buch besprochenen Inhalte und Methoden bequem in die Hochschule und daruber hinaus in die spatere Berufspraxis ubertragen. Das Buch eignet sich damit auch fur Anwender, die in ihrem Berufsleben mathematische Probleme mit Octave oder MATLAB zu loesen haben. Behandelt werden die wichtigsten Grundlagen und Methoden von Octave: elementare Rechnungen mit reellen und komplexen Zahlen, die besonders wichtige Arbeit mit Matrizen und Vektoren, die Arbeit mit Zeichenketten, die Loesung von linearen Gleichungssystemen, die Erstellung von Grafiken mit und ohne animierten Inhalten, die Nutzung und die eigene Programmierung von Octave-Skripten und Octave-Funktionen. Lernenden wird an ausgewahlten Beispielen aus den Bereichen Lineare Algebra, Analysis und numerische Mathematik erlautert, wie Octave zur UEberprufung und Korrektur von Rechenergebnissen bzw. Rechenwegen sowie zum Verstehen und Entdecken von mathematischen Sachverhalten eingesetzt werden kann. Ausserdem werden die Loesung linearer und nichtlinearer Optimierungsprobleme, die Approximation von Daten und Funktionen (Methode der kleinsten Quadrate, Interpolation mit Polynomen und Splines), die Loesung nichtlinearer Gleichungssysteme sowie ausgewahlte Grundlagen der beschreibenden Statistik und Wahrscheinlichkeitsrechnung behandelt. UEbungsaufgaben laden zum Mitmachen ein und helfen, die besprochenen Inhalte zu verstehen, anzuwenden und auf die Aufgaben und Probleme aus den eigenen Mathematikvorlesungen zu ubertragen. Zu jeder Aufgabe gibt es mehr oder weniger ausfuhrliche Musterloesungen. Zusatzmaterialien zum Download erganzen das Buch, wobei die enthaltenen Skripte und Funktionen von den Lesern als Ausgangspunkt fur eigene Programmiertatigkeiten genutzt werden koennen und sollen.

Designed for engineers, computer scientists, and physicists or for use as a textbook in computational courses, Applied Linear Algebra & Optimization Using MATLAB, provides the reader with numerous applications, m-files, and practical examples to solve problems. Balancing theoretical concepts with computational speed and accuracy, the book includes numerous short programs in MATLAB that can be used to solve problems involving systems of linear equations, matrices, vectors, computer graphics, and more. The book is accompanied by a CD-ROM with all of the figures, m-files for all of the programs, and MATLAB simulations from industry. Complete solutions and Microsoft PowerPoint slides are available to instructors for use as a textbook.Brief Table of Contents: 1. Matrices and Linear Systems. 2. Iterative Methods for Linear Systems. 3. The Eigenvalue Problems. 4. Numerical Computation of Eigenvalues. 5. Interpolation and Approximation. 6. Linear Programming. 7. Nonlinear Programming. Appendices. About the CD-ROM

This book provides a comprehensive introduction to performing meta-analysis using the statistical software R. It is intended for quantitative researchers and students in the medical and social sciences who wish to learn how to perform meta-analysis with R. As such, the book introduces the key concepts and models used in meta-analysis. It also includes chapters on the following advanced topics: publication bias and small study effects; missing data; multivariate meta-analysis, network meta-analysis; and meta-analysis of diagnostic studies.

Typische Argumentationen der Mathematischen Statistik werden exemplarisch erlautert: Warum kann aus den Ergebnissen einer Stichprobenuntersuchung auf die Gesamtheit geschlossen werden? Welche Ungenauigkeiten und Unsicherheiten sind dabei moeglich? Wie und warum koennen zufallsbedingte Abweichungen mit mathematischen Methoden analysiert werden? Das Buch ist nicht im klassischen Satz-Beweis-Stil geschrieben. Aufgaben und Schaubilder verdeutlichen die moeglichst weitgehend verbal beschriebenen Gedankengange. Symbol-Graber gibt es nicht. Wichtige Sachverhalte werden mehrfach wiederholt. Einfuhrende Motivationen und abschliessende Resumees runden die Darstellungen ab.

Dieses Buch bietet eine kompakte Einfuhrung in die Datenauswertung mit der freien Statistikumgebung R. Ziel ist es dabei, einen UEberblick uber die Funktionalitat von R zu liefern und einen schnellen Einstieg in die deskriptive Datenauswertung sowie in die Umsetzung der wichtigsten statistischen Tests zu ermoeglichen. Zudem deckt das Buch die vielfaltigen Moeglichkeiten ab, Diagramme zu erstellen, Daten mit anderen Programmen auszutauschen und R durch Zusatzpakete zu erweitern. Das Buch ist damit fur Leser geeignet, die R kennenlernen und rasch in konkreten Aufgabenstellungen einsetzen moechten. Fur die 3. Auflage wurde das Buch grundlegend uberarbeitet und auf Neuerungen der R Version 4.1.0 sowie der aktuellen Landschaft der Zusatzpakete abgestimmt. Mit einer starkeren Ausrichtung auf Data Science Anwendungen stellt das Buch nun ausfuhrlich die Pakete dplyr zur Datenaufbereitung und ggplot2 fur Diagramme vor. Daruber hinaus enthalt das Buch eine Darstellung von dynamischen R Markdown Dokumenten zur Unterstutzung reproduzierbarer Auswertungen.

Dieses Lehrbuch liefert einen Einstieg in die mathematische Statistik und baut systematisch eine Brucke zum maschinellen Lernen. Dabei werden sowohl klassische und bis heute wichtige Verfahren untersucht als auch moderne Klassifikationsmethoden des statistischen Lernens. Diese werden mathematisch prazise analysiert und anhand von lebensnahen Beispielen illustriert. Das Buch verschafft den Leserinnen und Lesern einen UEberblick uber statistische Methoden der Datenanalyse und deren mathematischen Grundprinzipien. Der Fokus auf nicht-asymptotische Resultate erlaubt den Zugang zu modernen Anwendungen und fuhrt an aktuelle Forschungsfragen heran. Aufgaben am Kapitelende runden das Buch ab.

This textbook offers a refreshingly clear and digestible introduction to statistical analysis for psychology using the user-friendly jamovi software. The authors provide a concise, practical guide that takes students from the early stages of research design, with a jargon-free explanation of terminology, and walks them through key analyses such as the t-test, ANOVA, correlation, chi-square, and linear regression. The book features written interpretations to help learners identify relevant statistics along the way. With fascinating examples from psychological research, as well as screenshots and activities from jamovi, this text is sure to encourage even the most reluctant statistics student. The comprehensive companion website provides an extra helping hand, with practice datasets and a full suite of tutorial videos to help consolidate understanding. This is essential reading for psychology students using jamovi for their courses in Research Methods and Statistics or Data Analysis.

R is a statistical computer program used and developed by statisticians around the world. It is probably the leading statistical program, at least among statisticians, and it is freely available. This book is intended for the newcomer who wants to do statistical analysis with R and needs a guide to get started. The book focuses on statistical data problems that are often encountered within the biosceinces. It puts special emphasis on linear models and analysis of repeated measurements data, but also deals with binary data and survival data, among others. Problems are presented and solutions -- along with the corresponding OR code and output -- are provided. The guide is divided into two parts: the first part on R basics and the second part on the statistical analyses using R. Various datasets are used for illustration and they are all available in the R package Guide1data.

Aspects of environmental change are some of the greatest challenges faced by policymakers today. The key issues addressed by environmental science are often empirical, and in many instances very detailed, sizable datasets are available. Researchers in this field should have a solid understanding of the econometric tools best suited for analysis of these data. While complex and expensive physical models of the environment exist, it is becoming increasingly clear that reduced-form econometric models have an important role to play in modeling environmental phenomena. In short, successful environmental modeling does not necessarily require a structural model, but the econometric methods underlying a reduced-form approach must be competently executed. Environmental Econometrics Using Stata provides an important starting point for this journey by presenting a broad range of applied econometric techniques for environmental econometrics and illustrating how they can be applied in Stata. The emphasis is not only on how to formulate and fit models in Stata but also on the need to use a wide range of diagnostic tests in order to validate the results of estimation and subsequent policy conclusions. This focus on careful, reproducible research should be appreciated by academic and non-academic researchers who are seeking to produce credible, defensible conclusions about key issues in environmental science.

The aim of stochastic programming is to find optimal decisions in problems which involve uncertain data. This field is currently developing rapidly with contributions from many disciplines including operations research, mathematics, and probability. At the same time, it is now being applied in a wide variety of subjects ranging from agriculture to financial planning and from industrial engineering to computer networks. This textbook provides a first course in stochastic programming suitable for students with a basic knowledge of linear programming, elementary analysis, and probability. The authors aim to present a broad overview of the main themes and methods of the subject. Its prime goal is to help students develop an intuition on how to model uncertainty into mathematical problems, what uncertainty changes bring to the decision process, and what techniques help to manage uncertainty in solving the problems. In this extensively updated new edition there is more material on methods and examples including several new approaches for discrete variables, new results on risk measures in modeling and Monte Carlo sampling methods, a new chapter on relationships to other methods including approximate dynamic programming, robust optimization and online methods. The book is highly illustrated with chapter summaries and many examples and exercises. Students, researchers and practitioners in operations research and the optimization area will find it particularly of interest. Review of First Edition: "The discussion on modeling issues, the large number of examples used to illustrate the material, and the breadth of the coverage make 'Introduction to Stochastic Programming' an ideal textbook for the area." (Interfaces, 1998)