This straightforward guide to taking patient history comprehensively covers all of the commonly seen OSCE scenarios within the current undergraduate medical curriculum. The Easy Guide to Focused History Taking for OSCEs includes introductory chapters with general OSCE guidance, mapping onto the Calgary-Cambridge model. These include tips from recently qualified doctors and highly respected physicians and surgeons who commonly examine OSCEs, as well as a sample OSCE marking scheme. The book then covers 56 histories based on presenting complaints - more than any other text on the market - thoroughly testing both knowledge and examination technique. Each history is based around the exam requirements, with mnemonics, 'red flag' symptom boxes and list-based breakdowns to aid prompt recall. Common and serious differentials are highlighted, as well as investigations to help rule out the serious conditions. Each section concludes by outlining key aspects for each differential diagnosis as well as a list of investigations and management options. With this book, every student will be well equipped to tackle any clinical problem, in the OSCE examination and also in their continued professional practice.

Updated to reflect changes in the field since publication of the first edition in 1979. Provides a detailed review of the methodology available for assessing the diagnosis and prognosis of cancer patients including data on the application of tumor marker assays and other immunodiagnostic procedures

Addressing the early clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer disease, this book was written to evaluate the relevance of current research on the subject. It uncovers the present lack of clinical utility in research methodologies such as neuro-imaging, drug challenges, electro-encephalographic studies and brain biopsy. The essays addressing each of these issues will provide the reader with a perspective on the role of each technology in clinical practice and an in-depth introduction to the technologies and research findings in each of the areas reviewed.

The extent to which teachers should make use of theoretical and expert knowledge as opposed to tacit experiential knowledge, and how these might be combined, is a perennial issue in discussions on pedagogy. This book addresses these debates through a creative development of the concept of productive uncertainty. Using case studies focusing on teachers working with children with autism, a particularly fertile crucible for considering uncertainty, the book explores how the radical 20th century psychoanalyst Wilfred Bion's epistemological approach to uncertainty can be used to re-frame Donald Schoen's concept of reflection in action, offering a new perspective on the practice of teachers and other caring professionals. Several areas of potential uncertainty are identified, including uncertainty relating to areas of practice including diagnosis, the relationship between expert knowledge and practice, the implications of autism for autonomy and agency, and uncertainties in relation to the understanding of and use of new technologies. A strong argument is made, based on both theoretical and empirical grounds, that in juggling between theoretical and tacit knowledge in the classroom there is more to be gained by staying with the struggle with uncertainty than by fleeing from it too early, into the promise of expert solutions. Consideration is also given to the relative importance of specific theoretical training for teachers, both in general and in relation to working with children with special educational needs, in the context of international and UK policy developments in this area. This book will be of key value to researchers and postgraduates in the fields of education studies, teacher thinking and research, psychoanalytically informed psychosocial studies, as well as to practitioners working in special educational needs/autism education.

This book highlights assessment techniques, issues, and procedures that appeal to practicing clinicians. Rather than a comprehensive handbook of various tests and measures, The Clinical Assessment of Children and Adolescents is a practitioner-friendly text that provides guidance for test selection, interpretation, and application. With topics ranging from personality assessment to behavioral assessment to the assessment of depression and thought disorder, the leaders in the field of child and adolescent measurement outline selection and interpretation of measures in a manner that is most relevant to clinicians and graduate students. Each chapter makes use of extensive case material in order to highlight issues of applicability.

First Aid™ remains the most trusted name in USMLE® review—just ask any medical student!   First Aid Clinical Algorithms for the USMLE Step 2 CK was designed to help you develop and refine your clinical thinking skills—preparing you for success in your clerkship and on the Step 2 CK exam. This new addition to the First Aid™ series uses an algorithmic approach that allows you to methodically walk through the diagnostic decision making process. The content is organized by symptom to reflect how information will be presented in an actual clinical setting. Clinical vignettes focusing on specific illnesses are followed by step-by-step flowcharts outlining the diagnosis and treatment of the illness and its relevant differential diagnoses.  •  Unique algorithmic approach  •  Clinical vignettes accompany decision-making algorithms  •  Flowcharts outline the diagnosis and treatment process  

A practical, accessible and insightful handbook on reading the eye. The human eye is a blueprint of the bodies genetically inherited strengths and weaknesses: a comprehensive health profile that allows one to make informed dietary and lifestyle choices that fully support one's unique constitution. This book is a guide to the often-misunderstood subject; a practical manual that can be easily used by medical professionals and interested enthusiasts alike. Complete with high quality photographs, charts and detailed case studies, this essential book should be a staple on every modern health care practitioner's bookshelf. Taking a holistic approach, author Sarah Donoghue explores the subject of iridology from a scientific, physical and emotional perspective. It allows readers to safely examine the iris and make confident assessments, as well as formulate individualised herbal, dietary and lifestyle interventions based on information gleaned from the depths of the endlessly fascinating iris!

For centuries the analysis of the heart rhythm has belonged to the foundations of medical art. We know that doctors in ancient Tibet used the interpretation of the heart rate to draw prognostic conclusions-somehow a modern rationale-that deserves further attention. The rapid advancement of science is providing more and more information about the details, but the subatomic resolution of structures hides the risk and the complex procedures are fragmented into static impressions. The same has happened to the ECG. The revolutionary development, acknowledged by the Nobel Prize for Einthoven, ledfromtheanalysisofthedynamicheartratetothestaticanalysisofthe heartstream curve. It is only with the ECG Holter recording over longer periods that the cardiologists rediscovered the old dynamic. With the continuous recording of the heart rate and its periodicity, it became accessible to a new dimension, a dim- sion that requires technically well-de?ned foundations for accurate data coll- tion, detailed knowledge of the electrocardiologic particularities of arrhythmia, and medical knowledge for the translation of the results into a diagnostic synthesis. With the ECG Holter the issue is no longer just to detect an arrhythmia, but also to determine dynamic circumstance in which the critical event occurred. In fact, we investigate the trigger, the event, and the context, and we have to integrate all of that information within the clinical picture, from the pathology right through to the symptom-indeed a multi-dimensional task.

Here's a user-friendly, readable introduction to the study of electrocardiography. It guides you in capturing and interpreting ECGs, with an eye towards clinical correlation for easy application to your practice. New in this edition are increased content on pediatric ECGs, implantable cardiodefibrillators, and pacemakers. Comprehensively and expertly describes how to capture and interpret all normal and abnormal ECG findings in adults and children. Features the expertise of internationally recognized authorities on electrocardiography, for advanced assistance in mastering the subtle but critical nuances of this complex diagnostic modality. Features new chapters on pediatric electrocardiography that explore rhythm problems associated with pediatric obesity, heart failure, and athletic activity. Presents a new chapter on recording and interpreting heart rhythms in patients with pacemakers. Includes new material on interpreting ECG findings associated with implantable cardioverter-defibrillators. Provides fully updated coverage on the increased importance of ECGs in stress testing.

Recent advances in medicine for resuscitation and care have led to an increased number of patients that survive severe brain damage but who are poorly responsive and non-communicative at the bedside. This has led to a striking need to better characterize, understand, and manage this population who present a real challenge for the assessment of pain and for planning treatment. This edited collection provides clinicians with a guide to recent developments in research on pain perception and assessment, and the detection of consciousness and communication in patients with disorders of consciousness (DOC). With contributions from leading global researchers, the book gives an overview of issues concerning the assessment of pain. It also covers the development of suitable tools both to improve pain management and to detect consciousness and communication in these patients, to influence their prognosis and treatment, and their quality of life. Methodological and ethical issues concerning the implication for future research are also considered. The book will be an invaluable guide for clinicians, medics and therapists working in rehabilitation and acute care, particularly in the demanding field of pain perception, pain assessment and detection of consciousness and communication in patients with DOC. It will also be useful for students and researchers in neuropsychology and medical sciences.

Recent advances in medicine for resuscitation and care have led to an increased number of patients that survive severe brain damage but who are poorly responsive and non-communicative at the bedside. This has led to a striking need to better characterize, understand, and manage this population who present a real challenge for the assessment of pain and for planning treatment. This edited collection provides clinicians with a guide to recent developments in research on pain perception and assessment, and the detection of consciousness and communication in patients with disorders of consciousness (DOC). With contributions from leading global researchers, the book gives an overview of issues concerning the assessment of pain. It also covers the development of suitable tools both to improve pain management and to detect consciousness and communication in these patients, to influence their prognosis and treatment, and their quality of life. Methodological and ethical issues concerning the implication for future research are also considered. The book will be an invaluable guide for clinicians, medics and therapists working in rehabilitation and acute care, particularly in the demanding field of pain perception, pain assessment and detection of consciousness and communication in patients with DOC. It will also be useful for students and researchers in neuropsychology and medical sciences.

The genesis of this book goes back to the conference held at the University of Bologna, June 1999, on collaborative work between the University of California at Berkeley and the University of Bologna. The book, in its present form, is a compilation of some of the recent work using geometric partial differential equations and the level set methodology in medical and biomedical image analysis.The book not only gives a good overview on some of the traditional applications in medical imagery such as, CT, MR, Ultrasound, but also shows some new and exciting applications in the area of Life Sciences, such as confocal microscope image understanding.

Volume 68 in the internationally acclaimed Advances in Clinical Chemistry contains chapters authored by world renowned clinical laboratory scientists, physicians and research scientists. The serial provides the latest and most up-to-date technologies related to the field of Clinical Chemistry and is the benchmark for novel analytical approaches in the clinical laboratory.

This new edition provides paediatricians with the latest developments in the diagnosis of diseases and disorders in children. Divided into five sections, the book begins with a colour atlas illustrating different signs and symptoms. The following chapters describe numerous common paediatric presentations with guidance on differential diagnosis. The book concludes with sections on differential diagnosis of select clinical signs, salient laboratory findings, and select radiologic signs. The sixth edition has been fully revised and features new topics including micrognathia, Potter's face syndrome, mediastinal shift, and more. Key points Guide to latest developments in differential diagnosis of paediatric diseases and disorders Fully revised, sixth edition featuring several new topics Includes comprehensive colour atlas illustrating different signs and symptoms Previous edition (9788184487275) published in 2008

Combining a professional development course on diagnostic endoscopy from SPIE (the international society advancing light-based research) and the authorsa (TM) graduate course on biomedical optics, this work is written for researchers in medical optics and biomedical engineering as well as graduate medical optics students. It uses extensive examples/case studiesto familiarize readers with the the basics of endoscopic optics, the pros and cons of white light endoscopy and fluorescence endoscopy for diagnostic applications, and various microscopic endoscopy imaging modalities.It covers basic optics, details of design and biomedical uses, as well as microscopic endoscopy, and endoscopic spectroscopy.

The past few years have witnessed rapid progress in the characterization of mechanisms that underlie the generation and processing of inter- and intracellular signals. While there have been significant corollary advances in the area of signaling in disease processes, there is as yet no single resource that connects these advances with an understanding of disease processes and applications for novel therapeutics. Collecting chapters from the leading experts in their respective fields, editors Toren Finkel and Silvio Gutkind deliver a much-needed introduction to signaling and a fruitful discussion of promising directions for future research.

Signal Transduction and Human Disease capitalizes on the current emphasis on translational research and biological relevance in biotechnology and, conversely, the importance of molecular approaches for clinical research. Each chapter conveys the sense of a disease process, what it affects, how it presents, how common it is, and what the treatments are. Clinical descriptions are not exhaustive but rather serve as an outline regarding the disease’s manifestations and current treatment options. Following this introduction, the authors present an in-depth discussion of one or two signal transduction pathways or biological processes relevant to the disease. The editors divide their study into five sections:

• Cardio-Pulmonary Disease
• Oncology
• Endocrinology
• Infectious Disease
• Allergy/Rheumatology
• Neurology/Psychiatry

Biochemists, molecular and cell biologists, immunologists, pharmacologists, and clinical researchers, as well as graduate students in a variety of scientific disciplines, will find Signal Transduction and Human Disease to be an invaluable addition to the literature.

Readers who suffere from low thyroid, or think they might, can find the missing answers. For the person who's been told it's not your thyroid, without then being told convincingly what the problem is. This book provides readers with the knowledge needed to communicate and work with their docteors to get the treatment they deserve.

For courses in orthopedics, physical therapy, athletic training, and physical examination, in programs for healthcare providers including physicians, nurses, athletic trainers, physician's assistants, physical therapists, and occupational therapists. This is the field's most comprehensive evidence-based guide to clinical tests for orthopedic physical examination. It presents complete explanations and photography visualizing all commonly used physical exam tests for all body regions, including both neurological screening tools and conventional tests. The quality of research supporting each test is assessed using the QUADAS quality instrument, which analyzes the extent to which bias may have influenced diagnostic values. Diagnostic values are reported wherever they exist, and summary "Utility" scores are provided for each test based on the authors' interpretation of the research and their use of the tests in clinical practice. This edition adds 200 new tests, presents valuable clusters of tests, and contains two entirely new chapters: one on visceral assessment and medical screening, and another on temporomandibular examination.

In today's medical education curriculum, it is necessary for students to learn the proper techniques for taking medical histories, performing physical exams, and the appropriate way to educate and inform patients. The best way for a student to learn these skills is through hands-on training with a Standardized Patient (SP) - an actor who has been hired to portray a specific set of health problems and symptoms. This type of training allows students to grasp concepts more quickly and enables faculty physicians to directly observe student's progress and asses their need for further instruction. Working with SP's has become so important in medical education that it is now a component of the USMLE clinical skills assessment exam. As with any tool that is used for teaching, assessment, and certification, it is easier to provide the best service when there are general guidelines for preparers to follow. The coaches who prepare SP's are no exception and there needs to be a guide for those who train SP's for their roles in new doctor education. This handbook is intended as that guide and as a support for those who are involved in training Standardized Patients, from the art of coaching through preparing SP's for the physical exam, to encourage each coach to develop a system that will deliver the best results and, in the end, help train the most competent doctors.

A concise, quick-reference handbook on history taking and physical examination Pocket Guide to Physical Assessment is a compact yet comprehensive reference for students and practitioners alike, employing a step-by-step framework for effective patient assessment, diagnosis and planning of care. This valuable guide covers topics including cardiovascular, respiratory, neurological and musculoskeletal system examinations, patient interviews, history taking and general health assessments. Clear diagrams and checklists illustrate key points, while easy-to-follow instructions and concise descriptions of clinical situations and diseases aid in clinical decision-making. Compact, pocket-sized guide that contains only the essential information for physical assessment Instructs readers on best clinical practice and how to present and communicate cases Develops and improves necessary skills for physical clinical examinations Ideal for use on the ward or as a companion to the accompanying textbook, Physical Assessment for Nurses and Healthcare Professionals Pocket Guide to Physical Assessment is an invaluable reference for healthcare students, newly qualified and advanced nurse practitioners, and allied health practitioners.

"PACS: A Guide to the Digital Revolution, Second Edition," is a textbook of modern information sciences that fills an incredible need in the blossoming field of radiology. The emphasis is on a review of technological developments associated with the transition of radiology departments to filmless environments. As leaders in the field of computerized medical imaging, the editors and contributors provide insight into emerging technologies for physicians, administrators, and other interested groups. Each chapter addresses key topics in current literature with regard to the generation, transfer, interpretation, and distribution of images to the medical enterprise.

This new edition has been updated to present recent developments in PACS, including: 1. An overview of the latest medical imaging standards; 2. A discussion of security issues as they relate to PACS, especially regarding HIPAA; 3. An introduction to current information on PACS workstations, including the impact of new software and hardware on radiologists; 4. An updated explanation of data storage and compression that highlights how advancements are applied; 5. A section on how PACS influences research and education, emphasizing how both educators and trainees are affected.

Since health care organizations throughout the world are generating filmless implementation strategies, this exhaustive review is valued as a vital aid to leaders in the development of health care.

This unique and comprehensive atlas by an expert practioner provides an innovative pictorial guide to flexible bronchoscopy, one of the most exciting and challenging procedures in respiratory medicine today. Includes the very latest procedures and techniques Comprehensive coverage, guides you through the range of anatomical and pathological possibilities A step-by-step guide to the use of bronchoscopic techniques, interpretation of images and differential diagnoses Integrates naked eye, bronchoscopic and radiological anatomy to give you a thorough understanding of the procedure Numerous full colour illustrations and sound practical advice make this a key text for learning and refining your technique The book will be invaluable to those training in respiratory medicine, plus also specialist respiratory nurses and practising pulmonologists who wish to expand their practice and knowledge of the technique.

Immunohistochemistry and immunocytochemistry are invaluable tools for the visualization of tissue and cellular antigens in diagnostic and biological research environments. The need to obtain accurate, reliable and reproducible results is paramount. It is with this fundamental aim in mind that we have compiled Immunohistochemistry: Essential Methods. We have achieved this by examining each aspect of immunochemistry in turn, with each chapter including detailed information regarding the subject matter in question. Each chapter is written by an expert in their field and includes protocols that are typically used in their own research. Subjects covered are, amongst others, antibodies and their production; selection of reporter labels; immunochemical staining methods and experimental design (both using single and multiple reporter labels); quality assurance; automated immunochemistry; confocal microscopy and electron microscopy. In addition, benefits and limitations of each approach are discussed within the chapters.

Breathborne biomarkers carry information on the state of human health, and their role in aiding clinical diagnosis or in therapeutic monitoring has become increasingly important as advances in the field are made. Breathborne Biomarkers and the Human Volatilome, Second Edition, provides a comprehensive update and reworking of the 2013 book Volatile Biomarkers, by Anton Amann and David Smith. The new editing team has expanded this edition beyond volatile organic compounds to cover the broad field of breath analysis, including the many exciting developments that have occurred since the first edition was published. This thoroughly revised volume includes the latest discoveries and applications in breath research from the world's foremost scientists, and offers insights into related future developments. It is an ideal resource for researchers, scientists, and clinicians with an interest in breath analysis.

Written specifically for urological trainees by a distinguished team of contributors, this third edition of The Scientific Basis of Urology provides the reader with a thorough coverage of urology. Every area, function, illness and treatment of the urinary tract, along with specific discussions of the relevant anatomy and physiology, is included in clearly written text, abundantly illustrated with full color photographs and diagrams. Each chapter takes the basic principles of its topic area and expands upon them to ensure maximum understanding.

Entirely new chapters in the Third Edition:

• Genetic and Biological Alterations in Cancer
• The Scientific Basis of Male Hypogonadism
• Minimally Invasive Technologies in the Treatment of Renal and Prostate Cancer
• Preoperative Assessment