Within the various aspects of life-science technologies medicine and information technology will change next millennium's quality-of-life fundamentally. Thanks to the rapid growth of telecommunication industry and the success and popularity of the internet the face of medicine will essentially change, because information technology is expected to play a major role in future health care systems. The conference MEDICOM 2000 is a discussion forum on fast and cost efficient patient-data exchange systems between doctors' offices, medical laboratories, telearchive services, health care insurances, highly specialized experts in hospitals etc. The conference brought together scientific, medical and application experts from university, clinical and commercial sites of both areas - medicine and communication - to stimulate synergy between these rapidly evolving future technologies. We would like to acknowledge all the parties who contributed to the success of the conference. Especially, we would like to thank Gisela Niedzwetzki and Waltraud Ott for secretarial support as well as Dirk Thomsen for web mastering. Additionally, we have to acknowledge the valuable support of Holger Dorle, Thomas Giese, Peter Just, Stefan Klockner, Heike Lahr and Kerstin Ltidtke-Buzug during the conference.

Early in 1990 a scientific committee was formed for the purpose of organizing a high-level scientific meeting on Future Directions of Nonlinear Dynamics in Physical and Biological Systems, in honor of Alwyn Scott's 60th birthday (December 25, 1991). As preparations for the meeting proceeded, they were met with an unusually broad-scale and high level of enthusiasm on the part of the international nonlinear science community, resulting in a participation by 168 scientists from 23 different countries in the conference, which was held July 23 to August 11992 at the Laboratory of Applied Mathematical Physics and the Center for Modelling, Nonlinear Dynamics and Irreversible Thermodynamics (MIDIT) of the Technical University of Denmark. During the meeting about 50 lectures and 100 posters were presented in 9 working days. The contributions to this present volume have been grouped into the following chapters: 1. Integrability, Solitons, and Coherent Structures 2. Nonlinear Evolution Equations and Diffusive Systems 3. Chaotic and Stochastic Dynamics 4. Classical and Quantum Lattices and Fields 5. Superconductivity and Superconducting Devices 6. Nonlinear Optics 7. Davydov Solitons and Biomolecular Dynamics 8. Biological Systems and Neurophysics. AI Scott has made early and fundamental contributions to many of these different areas of nonlinear science. They form an important subset of the total number of the papers and posters presented at the meeting. Other papers from the meeting are being published in a special issue of Physica D Nonlinear Phenomena.

All living matter is comprised of cells, small compartments isolated from the environment by a cell membrane and filled with concentrated solutions of various organic and inorganic compounds. Some organisms are single-cell, where all life functions are performed by that cell. Others have groups of cells, or entire organs, specializing in one particular function. The survival of the entire organism depends on all of its cells and organs fulfilling their roles.While the cells are studied by different sciences, they are seen differently by biologists, chemists, or physicists. Biologists concentrate their attention on cell structure and function. What does the cell consist of? Where are its organelles? What function does each organelle fulfil? From a chemists' point of view, a cell is a complex chemical reaction chamber where various molecules are synthesized or degraded. The main question is how these, sometimes very complicated chains of reactions are controlled. Finally, from a physics standpoint, one of the main questions is the physical movement of all these molecules between organelles within the cell, as well as their exchange with the extracellular medium. The aim of this book is to look into the basic physical phenomena occurring in cells. These physical transport processes facilitate chemical reactions in the cell and that in turn leads to the biological functions necessary for the cell to satisfy its role in the mother organism. Ultimately, the goals of every cell are to stay alive and to fulfil its function as a part of a larger organ or organism. This book is an inventory of physical transport processes occurring in cells while the second volume will be a closer look at how complex biological and physiological cell phenomena result from these very basic physical processes.

This book, a selection of the papers presented at the 2nd World Congress for Electricity and Magnetism, provides state-of-the-art information on applications of electricity and electromagnetic fields on living organisms, especially man.

"Light is a Messenger" is the first biography of William Lawrence Bragg, who was only 25 when he won the 1915 Nobel Prize in Physics - the youngest person ever to win a Nobel Prize. It describes how Bragg discovered the use of X-rays to determine the arrangement of atoms in crystals and his pivotal role in developing this technique to the point that structures of the most complex molecules known to Man - the proteins and nucleic acids - could be solved. Although Bragg's Nobel Prize was for physics, his research profoundly affected chemistry and the new field of molecular biology, of which he became a founding figure. This book explains how these revolutionary scientific events occurred while Bragg struggled to emerge from the shadow of his father, Sir William Bragg, and amidst a career-long rivalry with the brilliant American chemist, Linus Pauling.

Analytical measurements at the single molecule level under ambient conditions have become almost routine in the past few years. The application of this technology to fundamental studies of heterogeneity in biomolecular structure and dynamics, chemical and biological reaction kinetics and photophysics provides a rich playground for molecular scientists. The potential use of single molecule detection for nanotechnology and quantum information processing is a new and almost unexplored area. This handbook is intended for those interested in a practical introduction to single molecule investigations using fluorescence techniques and places special emphasis on the practicalities of achieving single molecule resolution, analyzing the resulting data and exploration of the applications in biophysics. It is ideal for graduate research students and others embarking on work in this exciting field.

The book sets out to inform a broad range of professionals working in medicine and healthcare about how creative thinking and design concepts can be used to innovate in providing an enhanced patient experience. It outlines these concepts as a primary means to identify, clarify and resolve some of the process improvement and enhancement challenges in healthcare delivery. It demonstrates by example how such challenges can be addressed, drawing on case examples from healthcare and other industries, and from the authors’ own experiences as innovators and educators. It emphasizes the value of learning in action. For the reader who already has a leaning towards novel approaches to addressing healthcare delivery challenges, it provides guidance on harnessing team inputs and engaging with a network of contributors. It is an ideal resource for all working in medicine and healthcare, from managers, nurses, doctors, administrators, executives, and allied health professionals to medical engineers, medical physicists, medical scientists and medical product developers. Features Provides a unique framework to conceptualise innovation in healthcare and medicine. Authored by an award-winning medical scientist and an established business school Professor who have proven track-records with innovation, in education settings and as entrepreneurs. Presents a clear interdisciplinary approach, complemented with practical case studies set in the context of the challenges facing healthcare delivery in the 21st century. Dr. Barry McMahon has a national and international reputation as an Academic Medical Physicist in the fields of novel physiological measurement and medical device innovation and design. He is the co- inventor of the Functional Lumen Imaging Probe (FLIP) technique later commercialised as EndoFLIP™. He was the Director of the Innovation Academy at Trinity College Dublin from 2012 to 2017. Since 2020 he is advising Children’s Health Ireland on innovation practice. In 2021, he retired as Chief Physicist/Clinical Engineer at Tallaght Hospital, Ireland and currently runs his own innovation-consulting group Electric Mindset Ltd. Dr. Paul Coughlan is Professor in Operations Management and Co-Director of Faculty at Trinity Business School, Trinity College Dublin. His research explores collaborative strategic improvement of operations through network action learning. He was the Director of the Innovation Academy at Trinity College Dublin from 2010 to 2012. He is a founding director of a research-based spin-out venture, Easy Hydro Ltd.

Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering provides broad coverage appropriate for senior undergraduates and graduates in medical physics and biomedical engineering. Divided into two parts, the first part presents the underlying physics, electronics, anatomy, and physiology and the second part addresses practical applications. The structured approach means that later chapters build and broaden the material introduced in the opening chapters; for example, students can read chapters covering the introductory science of an area and then study the practical application of the topic. Coverage includes biomechanics; ionizing and nonionizing radiation and measurements; image formation techniques, processing, and analysis; safety issues; biomedical devices; mathematical and statistical techniques; physiological signals and responses; and respiratory and cardiovascular function and measurement. Where necessary, the authors provide references to the mathematical background and keep detailed derivations to a minimum. They give comprehensive references to junior undergraduate texts in physics, electronics, and life sciences in the bibliographies at the end of each chapter.

Design of Pulse Oximeters describes the hardware and software needed to make a pulse oximeter, and includes the equations, methods, and software required for them to function effectively. The book begins with a brief description of how oxygen is delivered to the tissue, historical methods for measuring oxygenation, and the invention of the pulse oximeter in the early 1980s. Subsequent chapters explain oxygen saturation display and how to use an LED, provide a survey of light sensors, and review probes and cables. The book closes with an assessment of techniques that may be used to analyze pulse oximeter performance and a brief overview of pulse oximetry applications. The book contains useful worked examples, several worked equations, flow charts, and examples of algorithms used to calculate oxygen saturation. It also includes a glossary of terms, instructional objectives by chapter, and references to further reading.

The Physics of Conformal Radiotherapy: Advances in Technology provides a thorough overview of conformal radiotherapy and biological modeling, focusing on the underlying physics and methodology of three-dimensional techniques in radiation therapy. This carefully written, authoritative account evaluates three-dimensional treatment planning, optimization, photon multileaf collimation, proton therapy, transit dosimetry, intensity-modulation techniques, and biological modeling. It is an invaluable teaching guide and reference for all medical physicists and radiation oncologists/therapists that use conformal radiotherapy.

Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Study Institute, Hannover, Germany, July 13-25, 1979

This volume contains the formal record of the lectures presented at the 9th Course of the International School of Radiation Damage and Protection held at the "E . Majorana" International Centre for Scientific Culture in Erice (Italy) from May 9 to May 20, 1989. This course was the last of a series of 4 courses, started in 1981, that were dedicated to the assessment of risk hazard from non-ionizing radiation. The proceedings of these courses were all published by Plenum Press with the following headings: 1) M. Grandolfo, S. M. Michaelson and A. Rindi, Eds. : "Biological Effects and Dosimetry of Nonionizing Radiation; Radiofrequency and Microwave Energy", Plenum Press, New York, NATO ASI Series A Life Sciences, Vo1. 49 (1983); 2) M. Grandolfo, S. M. Michaelson and A. Rindi, Eds. : "Biological Effects and Dosimetry of Static and ELF Electromagnetic Fields", Plenum Press, New York, E. Majorana International Science Series, Life Sciences, Vol. 19 (1985) ; 3) M. H. Repacholi, M. Grandolfo and A. Rindi, Eds. : "Ultrasound; medical applications, biological effects and hazard potential", Plenum Press, New York (1987). We hope that all these volumes together may represent a complete textbook and a reference for the students and scientists interested in the physics, biology, measurement and dosimetry, health effects and standard setting, in short, the risk assessment of that wide field of radiation presently classified as non-ionizing radiation. We are indebted to the Associa?ione Italiana Protezione dalle Radiazioni (AIRP), The Internat:l.

Janus, the ancient Roman god depicted with two faces is an appropriate metaphor for light therapy. In the right photodynamic therapy conditions, light is able to kill nearly anything that is living such as cancers, microorganisms, parasites, and more. On the opposite face, light of the correct wavelength and proper dose (photobiomodulation) can heal, regenerate, protect, revitalize and restore any kind of dead, damaged, stressed, dying, degenerating cells, tissue, or organ system. This book discusses both sides of Janus' face in regards to light therapy.

This book presents the structure formation and dynamics of animate and inanimate matter on the nanometre scale. This is a new interdisciplinary field known as Meso-Bio-Nano (MBN) science that lies at the intersection of physics, chemistry, biology and material science. Special attention in the book is devoted to investigations of the structure, properties and dynamics of complex MBN systems by means of photonic, electronic, heavy particle and atomic collisions. This includes problems of fusion and fission, fragmentation, surfaces and interfaces, reactivity, nanoscale phase and morphological transitions, irradiation-driven transformations of complex molecular systems, collective electron excitations, radiation damage and biodamage, channeling phenomena and many more. Emphasis in the book is placed on the theoretical and computational physics research advances in these areas and related state-of-the-art experiments. Particular attention in the book is devoted to the utilization of advanced computational techniques and high-performance computing in studies of the dynamics of systems.

This timely book presents innovative technologies for use in the diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment of brain disease. These technologies offer exciting possibilities in the medical field owing to their low-cost, portability and safety. The authors address cerebrovascular diseases such as stroke, ischemia, haemorrhage, and vasospasm, these diseases having an ever-increasing societal relevance due to the global ageing population. The authors describe the potential of novel techniques such as microwave imaging and present innovative modalities for treatment of brain tumours using electromagnetic fields and nano-composites, as well as for monitoring brain temperature during surgery. Finally, Emerging Electromagnetic Technologies for Brain Diseases Diagnostics, Monitoring and Therapy addresses the perspectives which arise from multi-modal multi-spectral EM modalities, which make a synergic use of the different portions of the electromagnetic spectrum. This text will be of interest to readers from various different areas, given the fundamental interdisciplinarity of the subject matter. This includes researchers or practitioners in the field of electrical engineering, applied physicists, and applied mathematicians working on imaging applications for biomedical and electromagnetic technologies. Neurologists and radiologists may also find this book of interest, as may graduate students in these areas.

This volumes presents the proceedings of the FASMI 2020 conference, held at Taipei Veterans General Hospital on November 20-22, 2020. It presents contributions on all aspects of molecular imaging, discovered by leading academic scientists and researchers. It also provides a premier interdisciplinary treatment of recent innovations, trend, and concerns as well as practical challenges and solutions in Molecular Imaging and put an emphasis on Artificial Intelligence applied to Imaging Data. FASMI is the annual meeting of the Federation of Asian Societies for Molecular Imaging

Photonics of biopolymers discusses the processes of energy transformation in photoexcited proteins, nucleic acids, membranes and model systems. The author addresses, among other topics: Light absorption, screening and reabsorption; photometric studies of protein; energy transfer mechanics; fluorescent probes; photomodulation of enzymes, and photoactiviation. Much of the information stems from the author's own wide experience in the field.

Features Combines all topics into one comprehensive introduction. Explores practical applications of theory to healthcare. Can be used to accompany the NHS Modernising Scientific Careers syllabus.

This collection brings together the fundamental research in shock focussing and sonoluminescence. The authors report on their studies on shock focussing and related bubble dynamics, as well as their applications in medical science. The destructive action of cavitation bubbles collapsing near boundaries is treated with special reference to kidney stones, demonstrating the capacity of bubbles for causing damage to materials. It is also shown that the shock theory of sonoluminescence plays an important part, as do converging shock and thermal waves emanating from sonoluminescing gas bubbles and upscaling single-bubble sonoluminescence. The book also addresses the current status of shock measurement technique and correlated clinical findings. The interdisciplinary approach of this book makes it relevant for medical doctors, technical researchers of lithotripsy and gas dynamicists.

The goal of this volume is to summarize the state-of-the-art in the utilization of computer vision techniques in the diagnosis of skin cancer. Malignant melanoma is one of the most rapidly increasing cancers in the world. Early diagnosis is particularly important since melanoma can be cured with a simple excision if detected early. In recent years, dermoscopy has proved valuable in visualizing the morphological structures in pigmented lesions. However, it has also been shown that dermoscopy is difficult to learn and subjective. Newer technologies such as infrared imaging, multispectral imaging, and confocal microscopy, have recently come to the forefront in providing greater diagnostic accuracy. These imaging technologies presented in this book can serve as an adjunct to physicians and provide automated skin cancer screening. Although computerized techniques cannot as yet provide a definitive diagnosis, they can be used to improve biopsy decision-making as well as early melanoma detection, especially for patients with multiple atypical nevi.

Features: • Provides an accessible introduction to the subject. • Up to date with the latest advances in emerging technologies and procedures. • Provides a historical overview of CT technology.

Although many radiation protection scientists and engineers use dose coefficients, few know the origin of those dose coefficients. This is the first book in over 40 years to address the topic of radiation protection dosimetry in intimate detail. Advanced Radiation Protection Dosimetry covers all methods used in radiation protection dosimetry, including advanced external and internal radiation dosimetry concepts and regulatory applications. This book is an ideal reference for both scientists and practitioners in radiation protection and students in graduate health physics and medical physics courses. Features: A much-needed book filling a gap in the market in a rapidly expanding area Contains the history, evolution, and the most up-to-date computational dosimetry models Authored and edited by internationally recognized authorities and subject area specialists Interrogates both the origins and methodologies of dose coefficient calculation Incorporates the latest international guidance for radiation dosimetry and protection

In this book, the major paradigm-shifting discoveries made in the past century on key cellular nanomachines are described in great detail: their complex yet precise and elegant design and function, as well as the diseases linked to their dysfunction and the therapeutic approaches to overcome them. The major focus of this book is the "porosome" nanomachine, the universal secretory portal in cells. This is an ideal book for students, researchers, and professionals in the fields of nanoscience and nanotechnology.