This book highlights important techniques for cellular imaging and covers the basics and applications of electron tomography and related techniques. In addition, it considers practical aspects and broadens the technological focus by incorporating techniques that are only now becoming accessible (e.g. block face imaging). The first part of the book describes the electron microscopy 3D technique available to scientists around the world, allowing them to characterize organelles, cells and tissues. The major emphasis is on new technologies like scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) tomography, though the book also reviews some of the more proven technologies like electron tomography. In turn, the second part is dedicated to the reconstruction of data sets, signal improvement and interpretation

This book illustrates the significance of various optical spectroscopy and microscopy techniques, including absorption spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy for deciphering the nature of biological molecules. The content of this book chiefly focuses on (1) the principle, theory, and instrumentation used in different optical spectroscopy techniques, and (2) the application of these techniques in exploring the nature of different biomolecules (e.g., proteins, nucleic acids, enzymes, and carbohydrates). It emphasizes the structural, conformational and dynamic, and kinetic including the changes in biomolecules under a range of conditions. In closing, the book summarizes recent advances in the field of optical spectroscopic and microscopic techniques.

The book is concerned with the theory, background, and practical use of transmission electron microscopes with lens correctors that can correct the effects of spherical aberration. The book also covers a comparison with aberration correction in the TEM and applications of analytical aberration corrected STEM in materials science and biology. This book is essential for microscopists involved in nanoscale and materials microanalysis especially those using scanning transmission electron microscopy, and related analytical techniques such as electron diffraction x-ray spectrometry (EDXS) and electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS).

Cryoelectron microscopy of biological molecules is among the hottest growth areas in biophysics and structural biology at present, and Frank is arguably the most distinguished practitioner of this art. CryoEM is likely over the next few years to take over much of the structural approaches currently requiring X-ray crystallography, because one can now get good and finely detailed images of single molecules down to as little as 200,000 MW, covering a substantial share of the molecules of greatest biomedical research interest. This book, the successor to an earlier work published in 1996 with Academic Press, is a natural companion work to our forthcoming book on electron crystallography by Robert Glaeser, with contributions by six others, including Frank. A growing number of workers will employ CryoEM for structural studies in their own research, and a large proportion of biomedical researchers will have a growing interest in understanding what the capabilities and limits of this approach are.

This book provides a comprehensive introduction to the methods and variety of Kelvin probe force microscopy, including technical details. It also offers an overview of the recent developments and numerous applications, ranging from semiconductor materials, nanostructures and devices to sub-molecular and atomic scale electrostatics. In the last 25 years, Kelvin probe force microscopy has developed from a specialized technique applied by a few scanning probe microscopy experts into a tool used by numerous research and development groups around the globe. This sequel to the editors' previous volume "Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy: Measuring and Compensating Electrostatic Forces," presents new and complementary topics. It is intended for a broad readership, from undergraduate students to lab technicians and scanning probe microscopy experts who are new to the field.

Insects, and their close relatives, the arachnids, centipedes, millipedes and woodlice, make ideal material for study by the recreational microscopist. Moreover for the entomologist, the addition of the use of the microscope to their tool kit adds a whole new dimension to their study, revealing in finest detail the appearance and structure of these tiny creatures. This book reveals the basics of insect microscopy, explaining what equipment is needed and how to get the best out of it. Topics covered include insects and their relatives; trapping insects for study; dissection, slide mounting publishing your work.

This volume contains papers presented at the NATO Advanced Research Workshop (ARW) on Photons and Local Probes. The workshop had two predecessors. The first was the NATO ARW on Near Field Optics, held in October 1992 at Arc et Senans and was organized by Daniel Courjon and Dieter Pohl. The other predecessor was a workshop on Photons and Scanning Probe Microscopies held at the University of Konstanz in July 1992. The workshop on Photons and Local Probes was held at the Loechnerhaus on the Reichenau Island at the Lake of Constance, from September 11 to 17, 1994. The Reichenau Island was an important place in Europe in the middle age. Even the tomb of one of the carolingian emperors, Charles the Fat, is located there. At this workshop more than 60 scientists from Europe and the United States met to communicate their latest results in the field of local probes in combination with optical techniques. In eight sessions 31 talks as well as 9 posters were presented. Among those 31 publications were submitted for publication in the NATO proceedings. They were accepted after a strict, but constructive refereeing process.

Includes recent research and development in the areas of omics and microbial bioremediation Covers the broad environmental pollution control approach such as metagenomics, metabolomics, fluxomics, bioremediation, and biodegradation of industrial wastes Reviews metagenomics and waste management, and recycling for environmental cleanup Describes the metagenomic methodologies and best-practices, from sample collection to data analysis for taxonomies Explores various microbial degradation pathways and detoxification mechanisms for organic and inorganic contaminants of wastewater with their gene expression

This book provides a definitive account of the theory, practice and applications of atom probe field ion microscopy (APFIM). The APFIM technique provides a unique method for observing and chemically identifying single atoms on solid surfaces. Recent advances in the method,which are largely due to the present authors, now permit the atomic-scale chemistry of a solid specimen to be recognised in three dimensions. As a result of these developments, new and exciting applications are rapidly emerging in the field of material science, surface science, and catalysis. The book is a state-of-the art account of this important field, and is intended for a graduate-level readership.

Details the use of advanced AFMs and addresses all types of functional AFMs First book to focus on application of AFM for energy research Enables readers to operate an AFM successfully and to understand the data obtained Covers new achievements in AFM instruments, including higher speed and resolution, automatic and deep learning AFM, and how AFM is being combined with other new methods like IR and Raman microscopy

This spectacularly illustrated book celebrates the structural beauty of everyday materials and the space-age technologies used to probe their surface features and internal structures. It introduces the reader to the various instruments and their uses: scanning electron, ion, and tunneling microscopies, acoustic microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The book describes how images are processed and analyzed, and how modern materials science is based on these techniques and their ability to "see" materials at the atomic level. The book includes hundreds of illustrations and 32 pages of beautiful color plates depicting the complex microscopic realm within such everyday materials as the metals used in cars and planes, polymer fabrics, ceramics, and the ubiquitous silicon semiconductors, without which society today would fall into disarray and confusion. The many full-color and black-and-white illustrations make this book a pleasure for the eye, in addition to being a useful resource for scientists, students, researchers, and engineers involved in solid-state physics, materials science, geology, and chemistry.

Basic Confocal Microscopy, Second Edition builds on the successful first edition by keeping the same format and reflecting relevant changes and recent developments in this still-burgeoning field. This format is based on the Confocal Microscopy Workshop that has been taught by several of the authors for nearly 20 years and remains a popular workshop for gaining basic skills in confocal microscopy. While much of the information concerning fluorescence and confocal microscopy that made the first edition a success has not changed in the six years since the book was first published, confocal imaging is an evolving field and recent advances in detector technology, operating software, tissue preparation and clearing, image analysis, and more have been updated to reflect this. Several of these advances are now considered routine in many laboratories, and others such as super resolution techniques built on confocal technology are becoming widely available.

The 3rd International Multidisciplinary Microscopy Congress (InterM2015), held from 19 to 23 October 2015, focused on the latest developments concerning applications of microscopy in the biological, physical and chemical sciences at all dimensional scales, advances in instrumentation, techniques in and educational materials on microscopy. These proceedings gather 17 peer-reviewed technical papers submitted by leading academic and research institutions from nine countries and representing some of the most cutting-edge research available.

This volume contains the proceedin,r. of the NATO Advanced Study Institute on "Forces in Scanning Probe Methods which was CG-sponsered and organized by the "Forum fUr N anowissenschaften". The conference was held in Schluchsee in the south- em Black Forest (Germany) from March 7-18, 1994. 30 invited lecturers giving tuto- rial talks of historical and recent research activities and about 100 contributed, oral and poster presentations from 130 people participating, created a very active and lestimulating, lively atmosphere. The inventions of scanning tunneling microscopy, atomic force microscopy and near field optical microsocopy opened a new field of research, called scanning probe meth- ods (SPM). During the last decade, the quality of image acquisition made tremendous progress due to advanced data acquisition systems, low noise electronics and suitable mechan- ical and micromechanical constructions. However, a lot of fundamental, unsolved questions about the interaction between probing tip and sample remain. This vol- ume contains 60 contributions dedicated to these problems. Most of the articles are review articles presenting. condensed and relevant information in a way suitable for both students and specialists. Topics that are covered are instrumental aspects, de- signs of force microscopes in various environments, such as ambient pressure, low temperature, ultrahip vacuum and liquids. An important part of the workshop was dedicated to theory, Including all initio calculations and molecular dynamics simula- tions. Mechanical properties, such as adhesion, friction and wear, on the micrometer and nanometer scale were also treated intensively.

This volume focuses on fundamental aspects of nano-electro-optics. Starting with fiber probes and related devices for generating and detecting the optical near-field with high efficiency and resolution, the next chapter addresses the modulation of an electron beam by optical near-fields. Further topics include: fluorescence spectroscopy, in which sample molecules are excited by the evanescent surface plasmon field close to metallic surfaces; spatially resolved near-field photoluminescence spectroscopy of semiconductor quantum dots, which will become an essential issue in future electro-optical devices and systems; and, finally, the quantum theory of the optical near-field. This latter theory accounts for all the essential features of the interaction between optical near-fields and nanomaterials, atoms and molecules. Together these overviews will be a valuable resource for engineers and scientists working in the field of nano-electro-optics.

Cell Membrane Nanodomains: From Biochemistry to Nanoscopy describes recent advances in our understanding of membrane organization, with a particular focus on the cutting-edge imaging techniques that are making these new discoveries possible. With contributions from pioneers in the field, the book explores areas where the application of these novel techniques reveals new concepts in biology. It assembles a collection of works where the integration of membrane biology and microscopy emphasizes the interdisciplinary nature of this exciting field. Beginning with a broad description of membrane organization, including seminal work on lipid partitioning in model systems and the roles of proteins in membrane organization, the book examines how lipids and membrane compartmentalization can regulate protein function and signal transduction. It then focuses on recent advances in imaging techniques and tools that foster further advances in our understanding of signaling nanoplatforms. The coverage includes several diffraction-limited imaging techniques that allow for measurements of protein distribution/clustering and membrane curvature in living cells, new fluorescent proteins, novel Laurdan analyses, and the toolbox of labeling possibilities with organic dyes. Since superresolution optical techniques have been crucial to advancing our understanding of cellular structure and protein behavior, the book concludes with a discussion of technologies that are enabling the visualization of lipids, proteins, and other molecular components at unprecedented spatiotemporal resolution. It also explains the ins and outs of the rapidly developing high- or superresolution microscopy field, including new methods and data analysis tools that exclusively pertain to these techniques. This integration of membrane biology and advanced imaging techniques emphasizes the interdisciplinary nature of this exciting field. The array of contributions from leading world experts makes this book a valuable tool for the visualization of signaling nanoplatforms by means of cutting-edge optical microscopy tools.

Successful transmission electron microscopy in all of its manifestations depends on the quality of the specimens examined. Biological specimen preparation protocols have usually been more rigorous and time consuming than those in the physical sciences. For this reason, there has been a wealth of scienti?c literature detailing speci?c preparation steps and numerous excellent books on the preparation of b- logical thin specimens. This does not mean to imply that physical science specimen preparation is trivial. For the most part, most physical science thin specimen pre- ration protocols can be executed in a matter of a few hours using straightforward steps. Over the years, there has been a steady stream of papers written on various aspects of preparing thin specimens from bulk materials. However, aside from s- eral seminal textbooks and a series of book compilations produced by the Material Research Society in the 1990s, no recent comprehensive books on thin spe- men preparation have appeared until this present work, ?rst in French and now in English. Everyone knows that the data needed to solve a problem quickly are more imp- tant than ever. A modern TEM laboratory with supporting SEMs, light microscopes, analytical spectrometers, computers, and specimen preparation equipment is an investment of several million US dollars. Fifty years ago, electropolishing, chemical polishing, and replication methods were the principal specimen preparation me- ods.

'Although the study of such defects is regularly examined at length in more general books on electron microscopy, this text in which they are centre-stage will surely be appreciated.' [Read Full Review]UltramicroscopyThis unique reference text provides those who are studying crystal lattice defects using a transmission electron microscope (TEM) with a basic knowledge of transmission electron microscopy. As it has been written for beginners, the principles of both transmission electron microscopy and crystallography have been clearly and simply explained, with the use of many figures and photographs to aid understanding. Mathematics is avoided where possible, and problems and exercises are amply provided.

Successful transmission electron microscopy in all of its manifestations depends on the quality of the specimens examined. Biological specimen preparation protocols have usually been more rigorous and time consuming than those in the physical sciences. For this reason, there has been a wealth of scienti c literature detailing speci c preparation steps and numerous excellent books on the preparation of b- logical thin specimens. This does not mean to imply that physical science specimen preparation is trivial. For the most part, most physical science thin specimen pre- ration protocols can be executed in a matter of a few hours using straightforward steps. Over the years, there has been a steady stream of papers written on various aspects of preparing thin specimens from bulk materials. However, aside from s- eral seminal textbooks and a series of book compilations produced by the Material Research Society in the 1990s, no recent comprehensive books on thin specimen preparation have appeared until this present work, rst in French and now in English. Everyone knows that the data needed to solve a problem quickly are more imp- tant than ever. A modern TEM laboratory with supporting SEMs, light microscopes, analytical spectrometers, computers, and specimen preparation equipment is an investment of several million US dollars. Fifty years ago, electropolishing, chemical polishing, and replication methods were the principal specimen preparation me- ods.

This book deals with the subject of secondary energy spectroscopy in the scanning electron microscope (SEM). The SEM is a widely used research instrument for scientific and engineering research and its low energy scattered electrons, known as secondary electrons, are used mainly for the purpose of nanoscale topographic imaging. This book demonstrates the advantages of carrying out precision electron energy spectroscopy of its secondary electrons, in addition to them being used for imaging. The book will demonstrate how secondary electron energy spectroscopy can transform the SEM into a powerful analytical tool that can map valuable material science information to the nanoscale, superimposing it onto the instrument's normal topographic mode imaging. The book demonstrates how the SEM can then be used to quantify/identify materials, acquire bulk density of states information, capture dopant density distributions in semiconductor specimens, and map surface charge distributions.

Solid state NMR is rapidly emerging as a universally applicable method for the characterization of ordered structures that cannot be studied with solution methods or diffraction techniques. This proceedings -; from a recent international workshop - captures an image of the latest developments and future directions for solid state NMR in biological research, particularly on membrane proteins. Detailed information on how hormones or drugs bind to their membrane receptor targets is needed, e.g. for rational drug design. Higher fields are bringing clear improvements, and the power of solid state NMR techniques for studying amorphous and membrane associated peptides, proteins and complexes is shown by examples of applications at ultra-high fields. Progress in protein expression, experimental design and data analysis are also presented by leaders in these research areas.

Scanning and stationary-beam electron microscopes have become an indispensable tool for both research and routine evaluation in materials science, the semi- conductor industry, nanotechnology and the biological, forensic, and medical sciences. This book provides an introduction to the theory and current practice of electron microscopy, aimed primarily at undergraduates who need to learn how the basic principles of physics are applied in an important area of science and technology that has contributed greatly to our knowledge of life processes and inner space. However, it will be equally valuable for technologists who make use of electron microscopes and for graduate students, university teachers and researchers who need a concise text that deals with the basic principles of microscopy. Less technical but broader in scope than other microscopy textbooks, Physical Principles of Electron Microscopy is appropriate for undergraduates and technologists with limited math...

This comprehensive reference work details the latest developments in fluorescence imaging and related biological quantification. It explores the most recent techniques in this imaging technology through the utilization and incorporation of quantification analysis which makes this book unique. It also covers super resolution microscopy with the introduction of 3D imaging and high resolution fluorescence. Many of the chapter authors are world class experts in this medical imaging technology.