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Microbiological risk assessment (MRA) is one of the most important
recent developments in food safety management. Adopted by Codex
Alimentarius and many other international bodies, it provides a
structured way of identifying and assessing microbiological risks
in food. Edited by two leading authorities, and with contributions
by international experts in the field, Microbiological risk
assessment provides a detailed coverage of the key steps in MRA and
how it can be used to improve food safety.
This ACS Symposium Series is the product of a symposium held at the 241st National Meeting of the American Chemical Society in Anaheim, CA on March 27-31, 2011. It includes chapters on new biobased building blocks such as the furandicarboxylic acid, polyesters and polyamides from adipic, succinic and sebacic acids with aliphatic diols such as 1,3-propylene glycol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,12-dodecylenediol and isosorbide. The conversion of hydroxymethylfurfural, the dehydration product of hexose sugars, to succinic acid and 1,4-butanediol to produce poly(butylene succinate) is described in one chapter. Also the synthesis of new polymers from plant-derived olefinic monomers such as tulipalin A and studies of composites from cotton by-products are featured in other chapters. There is a strong emphasis on biocatalytic synthesis and polymerization within the book. Chapter topics include the synthesis of ?-hydroxyfatty acids and polymers therefrom, an interesting discussion on the structural differences of the products of the biocatalytic and chemical catalytic synthesis of polyesters from oleic diacid and glycerol and the ability to produce polylactic acid (PLA) and PLA-PHA copolyesters within a "microbial cell factory". Other areas of interest explored in other chapters include recent developments of biobased polymer fibers and oleate-based pressure sensitive adhesives and composites. One chapter describes a large increase in cold-drawn fiber tensile strength by the blending of a small amount of ultrahigh molecular weight (MW) poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) with a much lower MW 3-hydroxybutyrate polymer. The addition of a rubber and inorganic fillers to normally brittle PLA was found to dramatically improve its ductility. Finally, there are several chapters on seed oil-based polyurethanes, one on fibers from soy proteins and composites from starch.
Through four editions, Lactic Acid Bacteria: Microbiological and Functional Aspects, has provided readers with information on the how's and why's lactic acid-producing fermentation improves the storability, palatability, and nutritive value of perishable foods. Thoroughly updated and fully revised, with 12 new chapters, the Fifth Edition covers regulatory aspects globally, new findings on health effects, properties and stability of LAB as well as production of target specific LAB. The new edition also addresses the technological use of LAB in various fermentations of food, feed and beverage, and their safety considerations. It features the detailed description of the main genera of LAB as well as such novel bacteria as fructophilic LAB and novel probiotics and discusses such new targets as cognitive function, metabolic health, respiratory health and probiotics. Key Features: In 12 new chapters, findings are presented on health effects, properties and stability of LAB as well as production of target specific LAB Covers such novel bacteria as fructophilic LAB and novel probiotics Presents new discoveries related to the mechanisms of lactic acid bacterial metabolism and function Covers the benefits of LAB, both in fermentation of dairy, cereal, meat, vegetable and silage, and their health benefits on humans and animals Discusses the less-known role of LAB as food spoilers Covers the global regulatory framework related to safety and efficacy
This volume and its companion Volume 351 will supplement Volume 194 of MIE. The guides are specifically designed to meet the needs of graduate students and postdocs as well as researchers. Whether an established researcher or newcomer to the field, these volumes will contain all the up-to-date methods needed to study "Genes in Yeast." Procedures are included to enable newcomers to set up a yeast laboratory and to master basic manipulations. Relevant background and reference information will be given for proven procedures that can be used as a guide for developing protocols in a number of disciplines.
This book is carefully designed to be used on a wide range of
introductory courses at first degree and HND level in the U.K.,
with content matched to a variety of first year degree modules from
IEng and other BSc Engineering and Technology courses. Lecturers
will find the breadth of material covered gears the book towards a
flexible style of use, which can be tailored to their syllabus, and
used along side the other IIE Core Textbooks to bring first year
students up to speed on the mathematics they require for their
engineering degree.
This book will explore our forests as the most readily available and renewable source of carbon as well as the building block of chemicals, plastics, and pharmaceuticals as the next 100 years gradually push consumers toward alternate sources of chemicals. Meeting these needs from trees requires that new chemistry be developed so that plant materials is converted to commodity chemicals. This focused discussion on ongoing global efforts at creativity using forest and biomass based renewable materials will include six different mechanisms for bringing about change on this very innovative topic.
The emergence of Shaken Baby Syndrome (SBS) presents an object lesson in the dangers that lie at the intersection of science and criminal law. As often occurs in the context of scientific knowledge, understandings of SBS have evolved. We now know that the diagnostic triad alone does not prove beyond a reasonable doubt that an infant was abused, or that the last person with the baby was responsible for the babys condition. Nevertheless, our legal system has failed to absorb this new consensus. As a result, innocent parents and caregivers remain incarcerated and, perhaps more perplexingly, triad-only prosecutions continue even to this day. Flawed Convictions: Shaken Baby Syndrome and the Inertia of Injustice is the first book to survey the scientific, cultural, and legal history of Shaken Baby Syndrome from inception to formal dissolution. It exposes extraordinary failings in the criminal justice systems treatment of what is, in essence, a medical diagnosis of murder. The story of SBS highlights fundamental inadequacies in the legal response to science dependent prosecution. A proposed restructuring of the law contends with the uncertainty of scientific knowledge.
Recent years have seen the rise of a remarkable partnership between
the social and computational sciences on the phenomena of emotions.
Rallying around the term Affective Computing, this research can be
seen as revival of the cognitive science revolution, albeit garbed
in the cloak of affect, rather than cognition. Traditional
cognitive science research, to the extent it considered emotion at
all, cases it as at best a heuristic but more commonly a harmful
bias to cognition. More recent scholarship in the social sciences
has upended this view.
In the 1950s, John Reber convinced many Californians that the best
way to solve the state's water shortage problem was to dam up the
San Francisco Bay. Against massive political pressure, Reber's
opponents persuaded lawmakers that doing so would lead to disaster.
They did this not by empirical measurement alone, but also through
the construction of a model. Simulation and Similarity explains why
this was a good strategy while simultaneously providing an account
of modeling and idealization in modern scientific practice. Michael
Weisberg focuses on concrete, mathematical, and computational
models in his consideration of the nature of models, the practice
of modeling, and nature of the relationship between models and
real-world phenomena.
Working through this student-centred text readers will be brought
up to speed with the modelling of control systems using Laplace,
and given a solid grounding of the pivotal role of control systems
across the spectrum of modern engineering. A clear, readable text
is supported by numerous worked example and problems.
Both technically and economically, additives form a large and
increasingly significant part of the polymer industry, both
plastics and elastomers. Since the first edition of this book was
published, there have been wide-ranging developments, covering
chemistry and formulation of new and more efficient additive
systems and the safer use of additives, both by processors in the
factory and, in the wider field, as they affect the general public.
This new edition follows the successful formula of its
predecessor, it provides a comprehensive view of all types of
additives, concentrating mainly on their technical aspects
(chemistry/formulation, structure, function, main applications)
with notes on the commercial background of each. The field has been
expanded to include any substance that is added to a polymer to
improve its use, so including reinforcing materials (such as glass
fibre), carbon black and titanium dioxide. This is a book which has been planned for ease of use and the information is presented in a way which is appropriate to the users' needs.
Thirty years' teaching experience have been condensed into this
concise introductory book on Statistical Mechanics. Ideal for
second and third year undergraduates in physics, applied
mathematics, physical chemistry, chemical engineering, metallurgy,
materials science and polymer science.
Containing a comprehensive collection of convenient and quantitative methods for studying centrosomes, spindle pole bodies and related organelles, this text is a valuable resource for researchers and others interested in studying the role of these organelles in cell replication. Chapters outlining the role of these organelles in other cell functions are also included, and a wide variety of experimental systems for analyzing these organelles are presented. Detailed protocols for experiments are contained in each chapter for researchers to perform in their own labs. This volume outlines key methodologies used to analyze centrosomes and spindle pole bodies, their replication, and reproduction in the clear, well-illustrated style of the METHODS IN CELL BIOLOGY series.
This updated and revised edition of a widely acclaimed and
successful text for undergraduates examines topology of recent
compact surfaces through the development of simple ideas in plane
geometry. Containing over 171 diagrams, the approach allows for a
straightforward treatment of its subject area. It is particularly
attractive for its wealth of applications and variety of
interactions with branches of mathematics, linked with surface
topology, graph theory, group theory, vector field theory, and
plane Euclidean and non-Euclidean geometry.
This book describes the use of models in process engineering.
Process engineering is all about manufacturing--of just about
anything! To manage processing and manufacturing systematically,
the engineer has to bring together many different techniques and
analyses of the interaction between various aspects of the process.
For example, process engineers would apply models to perform
feasibility analyses of novel process designs, assess environmental
impact, and detect potential hazards or accidents.
Since the first publication of this definitive work nearly 40 years ago, this fourth edition has been completely rewritten. Crystallization is used at some stage in nearly all process
industries as a method of production, purification or recovery of
solid materials.
Aquaporins summarizes the present knowledge in this expanding field
of research, starting with the structural analysis of water channel
proteins. Subsequent chapters begin with mammalian aquaporins,
examining physiology and pathophysiology, analysis of knock-out
model animals, and the regulation of aquaporin function. Also
covered is the distribution and regulation of aquaporins in plants
and the function of water and glycerol channels in microbial
systems.
Multigrid presents both an elementary introduction to multigrid
methods for solving partial differential equations and a
contemporary survey of advanced multigrid techniques and real-life
applications.
In a groundbreaking examination of the antislavery origins of liberal Protestantism, Molly Oshatz contends that the antebellum slavery debates forced antislavery Protestants to adopt an historicist understanding of truth and morality. Unlike earlier debates over slavery, the antebellum slavery debates revolved around the question of whether or not slavery was a sin in the abstract. Unable to use the letter of the Bible to answer the proslavery claim that slavery was not a sin in and of itself, antislavery Protestants, including William Ellery Channing, Francis Wayland, Moses Stuart, Leonard Bacon, and Horace Bushnell, argued that biblical principles opposed slavery and that God revealed slavery's sinfulness through the gradual unfolding of these principles. Although they believed that slavery was a sin, antislavery Protestants' sympathy for individual slaveholders and their knowledge of the Bible made them reluctant to denounce all slaveholders as sinners. In order to reconcile slavery's sinfulness with their commitments to the Bible and to the Union, antislavery Protestants defined slavery as a social rather than an individual sin. Oshatz demonstrates that the antislavery notions of progressive revelation and social sin had radical implications for Protestant theology. Oshatz carries her study through the Civil War to reveal how emancipation confirmed for northern Protestants the antislavery notion that God revealed His will through history. She describes how after the war, a new generation of liberal theologians, including Newman Smyth, Charles Briggs, and George Harris, drew on the example of antislavery and emancipation to respond to evolution and historical biblical criticism. The theological innovations rooted in the slavery debates came to fruition in liberal Protestantism's acceptance of the historical and evolutionary nature of religious truth.
Retaining the introductory flavor of the now classic First Edition,
this revision includes all the latest techniques in the field. New
information on methods of radio tag harnessing, new sections on
satellite tracking techniques and new types of data analysis are
all included. Still the only comprehensive, up-to-date,
introduction to this fundamental technique for wildlife and
behavioral biologists.
Foundations of Engineering Acoustics takes the reader on a journey
from a qualitative introduction to the physical nature of sound,
explained in terms of common experience, to mathematical models and
analytical results which underlie the techniques applied by the
engineering industry to improve the acoustic performance of their
products. The book is distinguished by extensive descriptions and
explanations of audio-frequency acoustic phenomena and their
relevance to engineering, supported by a wealth of diagrams, and by
a guide for teachers of tried and tested class demonstrations and
laboratory-based experiments.
Chemical Thermodynamics: Principles and Applications presents a
thorough development of the principles of thermodynamics--an
old
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