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Books > Science & Mathematics > Science: general issues > Scientific equipment & techniques, laboratory equipment
Replication, the independent confirmation of experimental results
and conclusions, is regarded as the "gold standard" in science.
This book examines the question of successful or failed
replications and demonstrates that that question is not always easy
to answer. It presents clear examples of successful replications,
the discoveries of the Higgs boson and of gravity waves. Failed
replications include early experiments on the Fifth Force, a
proposed modification of Newton's Law of universal gravitation, and
the measurements of "G," the constant in that law. Other case
studies illustrate some of the difficulties and complexities in
deciding whether a replication is successful or failed. It also
discusses how that question has been answered. These studies
include the "discovery" of the pentaquark in the early 2000s and
the continuing search for neutrinoless double beta decay. It argues
that although successful replication is the goal of scientific
experimentation, it is not always easily achieved.
Photoemission (also known as photoelectron) spectroscopy refers to
the process in which an electron is removed from a specimen after
the atomic absorption of a photon. The first evidence of this
phenomenon dates back to 1887 but it was not until 1905 that
Einstein offered an explanation of this effect, which is now
referred to as ""the photoelectric effect"". Quantitative Core
Level Photoelectron Spectroscopy: A Primer tackles the pragmatic
aspects of the photoemission process with the aim of introducing
the reader to the concepts and instrumentation that emerge from an
experimental approach. The basic elements implemented for the
technique are discussed and the geometry of the instrumentation is
explained. The book covers each of the features that have been
observed in the X-ray photoemission spectra and provides the tools
necessary for their understanding and correct identification.
Charging effects are covered in the penultimate chapter with the
final chapter bringing closure to the basic uses of the X-ray
photoemission process, as well as guiding the reader through some
of the most popular applications used in current research.
Limited resources and other factors pose major challenges for
engineering, technology, and science educators ability to provide
adequate laboratory experience for students. An Internet accessible
remote laboratory, which is an arrangement that allows laboratory
equipment to be controlled remotely, addresses these difficulties
and allows more efficient laboratory management. Internet
Accessible Remote Laboratories: Scalable E-Learning Tools for
Engineering and Science Disciplines collects current developments
in the multidisciplinary creation of Internet accessible remote
laboratories. This book offers perspectives on teaching with online
laboratories, pedagogical design, system architectures for remote
laboratories, future trends, and policy issues in the use of remote
laboratories. It is useful resource for graduate and undergraduate
students in electrical and computer engineering and computer
science programs, as well as researchers who are interested in
learning more about the current status of the field, as well as
various approaches to remote laboratory design.
Spark scientific curiosity from a young age with this six-level
course through an enquiry-based approach and active learning.
Collins International Primary Science fully meets the requirements
of the Cambridge Primary Science Curriculum Framework from 2020 and
has been carefully developed for a range of international contexts.
The course is organised into four main strands: Biology, Chemistry,
Physics and Earth and Space and the skills detailed under the
'Thinking and Working Scientifically' strand are introduced and
taught in the context of those areas. For each Workbook at Stages 1
to 6, we offer: A write-in Workbook linked to the Student's Book
New language development activities help build science vocabulary
Earth and Space content covers the new curriculum framework
Thinking and Working Scientifically deepens and enhances the
delivery of Science skills Actively learn through practical
activities that don't require specialist equipment or labs
Scaffolding allows students of varying abilities to work with
common content and meet learning objectives Supports Cambridge
Global Perspectives (TM) with activities that develop and practise
key skills Provides learner support as part of a set of resources
for the Cambridge Primary Science curriculum framework (0097) from
2020 This series is endorsed by Cambridge Assessment International
Education to support the new curriculum framework 0097 from 2020.
Spark scientific curiosity from a young age with this six-level
course through an enquiry-based approach and active learning.
Collins International Primary Science fully meets the requirements
of the Cambridge Primary Science Curriculum Framework from 2020 and
has been carefully developed for a range of international contexts.
The course is organised into four main strands: Biology, Chemistry,
Physics and Earth and Space and the skills detailed under the
'Thinking and Working Scientifically' strand are introduced and
taught in the context of those areas. For each Student's Book at
Stages 1 to 6, we offer: A full colour and highly illustrated
Student's Book Photo-rich spreads show that science is 'real' and
puts it into context Earth and Space content covers the new
curriculum framework Thinking and Working Scientifically deepens
and enhances the delivery of Science skills Actively learn through
practical activities that don't require specialist equipment or
labs Scaffolding allows students of varying abilities to work with
common content and meet learning objectives Supports Cambridge
Global Perspectives (TM) with activities that develop and practise
key skills Provides learner support as part of a set of resources
for the Cambridge Primary Science curriculum framework (0097) from
2020 This series is endorsed by Cambridge Assessment International
Education to support the new curriculum framework 0097 from 2020.
The first edition of this classic book has become the authoritative
reference for physicists desiring to master the finer points of
statistical data analysis. This second edition contains all the
important material of the first, much of it unavailable from any
other sources. In addition, many chapters have been updated with
considerable new material, especially in areas concerning the
theory and practice of confidence intervals, including the
important Feldman?Cousins method. Both frequentist and Bayesian
methodologies are presented, with a strong emphasis on techniques
useful to physicists and other scientists in the interpretation of
experimental data and comparison with scientific theories. This is
a valuable textbook for advanced graduate students in the physical
sciences as well as a reference for active researchers.
Annual Reports in Computational Chemistry is a new periodical
providing timely and critical reviews of important topics in
computational chemistry as applied to all chemical disciplines.
Topics covered include quantum chemistry, molecular mechanics,
force fields, chemical education, and applications in academic and
industrial settings. Each volume is organized into (thematic)
sections with contributions written by experts. Focusing on the
most recent literature and advances in the field, each article
covers a specific topic of importance to computational chemists.
Annual Reports in Computational Chemistry is a 'must' for
researchers and students wishing to stay up-to-date on current
developments in computational chemistry.
In Volume 3, topics covered include Simulation Methodologies
(Carlos Simmerling), Biological and Biophysical Applications
(Heather Carlson), Chemical Education (Theresa Zielinski),
Materials and Polymers (Jeffry Madura), Quantum Chemistry (T.
Daniel Crawford), and Emerging Technologies (Wendy Cornell). With
this volume we extend the practice of cumulative indexing of both
the current and past editions in order to provide easy
identification of past reports.
* Broad coverage of computational chemistry and up-to-date
information
* Topics covered include quantum chemistry, molecular mechanics,
force fields, chemical education, and applications in academic and
industrial settings
* Each chapter reviews the most recent literature on a specific
topic of interest to computational chemists
Micro-Raman Spectroscopy introduces readers to the theory and
application of Raman microscopy. Raman microscopy is used to study
the chemical signature of samples with little preperation in a
non-destructive manner. An easy to use technique with ever
increasing technological advances, Micro-Raman has significant
application for researchers in the fields of materials science,
medicine, pharmaceuticals, and chemistry.
The knowledge base of chromatography continued to expand throughout
the 1990s owing to its many applications to problems of
contemporary interest in industry, life and environmental sciences.
Organizing this information into a single text for a diverse group
of scientists has become increasingly difficult. The present book
stemmed from the desire to revise Chromatography Today, written by
the same author with Salwa K. Poole, and published in 1991. This
title is considered to be one of the definitive texts on
chromatography. It was soon realized however, that a simple
revision would not provide the desired result of a contemporary
picture of the practice of chromatography at the turn of the
century. The only workable solution was to start afresh,
maintaining the same general philosophy and concept for
Chromatography Today where possible, while creating essentially a
new book.
The format of the new book is modular, with extensive
cross-references to permit rapid location of related material using
different separation concepts. Important features are extensive
tabulation of essential data for performing separations and an
extensive bibliography to the most recent literature.
This title is intended as a suitable text for graduate level
courses in the separation sciences and as a self-study guide for
professional chromatographers wishing to refresh their background
in this rapidly expanding field.
The Essence of Chromatography presents a comprehensive survey of
modern chromatography and is an effective replacement for
Chromatography Today.
.Comprehensive and authoritative coverage of chromatographic
techniques
.Contains extensive coverage of recent literature on this
subject
.Ideal text for graduates and suitable for professional
chromatographers"
This monograph focuses on modern femtosecond laser microscopes for
two photon imaging and nanoprocessing, on laser tweezers for cell
micromanipulation as well as on fluorescence lifetime imaging
(FLIM) in Life Sciences. The book starts with an introduction by
Dr. Wolfgang Kaiser, pioneer of nonlinear optics and ends with the
chapter on clinical multiphoton tomography, the novel high
resolution imaging technique. It includes a foreword by the
nonlinear microscopy expert Dr. Colin Sheppard. Contents Part I:
Basics Brief history of fluorescence lifetime imaging The long
journey to the laser and its use for nonlinear optics Advanced
TCSPC-FLIM techniques Ultrafast lasers in biophotonics Part II:
Modern nonlinear microscopy of live cells STED microscopy:
exploring fluorescence lifetime gradients for super-resolution at
reduced illumination intensities Principles and applications of
temporal-focusing wide-field two-photon microscopy FLIM-FRET
microscopy TCSPC FLIM and PLIM for metabolic imaging and oxygen
sensing Laser tweezers are sources of two-photon effects Metabolic
shifts in cell proliferation and differentiation Femtosecond laser
nanoprocessing Cryomultiphoton imaging Part III: Nonlinear tissue
imaging Multiphoton Tomography (MPT) Clinical multimodal CARS
imaging In vivo multiphoton microscopy of human skin Two-photon
microscopy and fluorescence lifetime imaging of the cornea
Multiscale correlative imaging of the brain Revealing interaction
of dyes and nanomaterials by multiphoton imaging Multiphoton FLIM
in cosmetic clinical research Multiphoton microscopy and
fluorescence lifetime imaging for resection guidance in malignant
glioma surgery Non-invasive single-photon and multi-photon imaging
of stem cells and cancer cells in mouse models Bedside assessment
of multiphoton tomography
Measurements and experiments are made each and every day, in fields
as disparate as particle physics, chemistry, economics and
medicine, but have you ever wondered why it is that a particular
experiment has been designed to be the way it is. Indeed, how do
you design an experiment to measure something whose value is
unknown, and what should your considerations be on deciding whether
an experiment has yielded the sought after, or indeed any useful
result? These are old questions, and they are the reason behind
this volume. We will explore the origins of the methods of data
analysis that are today routinely applied to all measurements, but
which were unknown before the mid-19th Century. Anyone who is
interested in the relationship between the precision and accuracy
of measurements will find this volume useful. Whether you are a
physicist, a chemist, a social scientist, or a student studying one
of these subjects, you will discover that the basis of measurement
is the struggle to identify the needle of useful data hidden in the
haystack of obscuring background noise.
These essays draw on recent and versatile work by museum staff,
science educators, and teachers, showing what can be done with
historical scientific instruments or replicas. Varied audiences -
with members just like you - can be made aware of exciting aspects
of history, observation, problem-solving, restoration, and
scientific understanding, by the projects outlined here by
professional practitioners. These interdisciplinary case studies,
ranging from the cinematic to the hands-on, show how inspiration
concerning science and the past can give intellectual pleasure as
well as authentic learning to new participants, who might include
people like you: students, teachers, curators, and the interested
and engaged public. Contributors are Dominique Bernard, Paolo
Brenni, Roland Carchon, Elizabeth Cavicchi, Stephane Fischer, Peter
Heering, J.W. Huisman, Francoise Khantine-Langlois, Alistair M.
Kwan, Janet Laidla, Pierre Lauginie, Panagiotis Lazos, Pietro
Milici, Flora Paparou, Frederique Plantevin, Julie Priser, Alfonso
San-Miguel, Danny Segers, Constantine (Kostas) Skordoulis, Trienke
M. van der Spek, Constantina Stefanidou, and Giorgio Strano.
THIS VOLUME, WHICH IS DESIGNED FOR STAND-ALONE USE IN TEACHING AND
RESEARCH, FOCUSES ON QUANTUM CHEMISTRY, AN AREA OF SCIENCE THAT
MANY CONSIDER TO BE THE CENTRAL CORE OF COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY.
TUTORIALS AND REVIEWS COVER
* HOW TO OBTAIN SIMPLE CHEMICAL INSIGHT AND CONCEPTS FROM DENSITY
FUNCTIONAL THEORY CALCULATIONS,
* HOW TO MODEL PHOTOCHEMICAL REACTIONS AND EXCITED STATES,
AND
* HOW TO COMPUTE ENTHALPIES OF FORMATION OF MOLECULES.
* A FOURTH CHAPTER TRACES CANADIAN RESEARCH IN THE EVOLUTION OF
COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY.
* ALSO INCLUDED WITH THIS VOLUME IS A SPECIAL TRIBUTE TO QCPE. FROM
REVIEWS OF THE SERIES
"Reviews in Computational Chemistry proves itself an invaluable
resource to the computational chemist. This series has a place in
every computational chemist's library."-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN
CHEMICAL SOCIETY
This manual is designed as an intensive introduction to the various
tools of molecular biology. It introduces all the basic methods of
molecular biology including cloning, PCR, Southern (DNA) blotting,
Northern (RNA) blotting, Western blotting, DNA sequencing,
oligo-directed mutagenesis, and protein expression.
Key Features
* Provides well-tested experimental protocols for each
technique
* Lists the reagents and preparation of each experiment
separately
* Contains a complete schedule of experiments and the preparation
required
* Includes study questions at the end of each chapter
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