Bioimaging in life sciences is a burgeoning area that is of growing interest to today's professionals and researchers in the field. This is the first book that bridges the gap between biomedical imaging and the bioscience community. This unique resource gives professionals a detailed understanding of imaging platforms, fluorescence imaging, and fundamental image processing algorithms. Further, it guides readers through the application of advanced image analysis methods and techniques to specific biological problems. The book presents applications that span a wide range of scales, from the detection of signaling events in sub-cellular structures, to the automated analysis of tissue structures. Other critical areas discussed include the dynamics of cell populations and in vivo microscopy. A DVD is also included. It contains full-color images, movies and other valuable supplementary material that further illustrate topics discussed in the book.

Inrecentyears, anew?eldinsciencehasbeengrowingtremendously, i. e., theresearch on nanostructures. In the early beginning, impetus came from different disciplines, like physics, chemistry, and biology, that proposed the possibility of producing str- turesinthesub-micronrange. Theworldwideoperatingelectroniccompaniesrealized that this would open up new ?elds of application, and they proposed very challe- ing projects for the near future. Particularly, nanomagnetism became the focus of new concepts and funding programs, like spintronics or magnetoelectronics. These new concepts created a strong impact on the research ?eld of fabricating nanoscaled magnetic structures. Simultaneously, a demand for appropriate analyzing tools with high spatial resolution arose. Since then, the development of new techniques and the improvement of existing techniques that have the potential of analyzing magnetic properties with high spatial resolution have undergone a renaissance. Aiming at s- tems in the range of some 10nm means that the analyzing techniques have to go beyond that scale in their resolving power. In parallel to the efforts in the commercial sector, a new branch has been established in basic research, i. e., nanomagnetism, that is concerned with the underlying physics of the fabrication, analyzing techniques, and nano-scaled structures. The progress in one of these ?elds is inherently coupled with better knowledge or understanding and, hence, success in the other ?elds. The imaging technique as a synonym for spatial resolution plays a key role in this triangle. In this book, we bring together the state-of-the-art techniques of magnetic im- ing."

Hydronamics of Explosion presents the research results for the problems of underwater explosions and contains a detailed analysis of the structure and the parameters of the wave fields generated by explosions of cord and spiral charges, a description of the formation mechanisms for a wide range of cumulative flows at underwater explosions near the free surface, and the relevant mathematical models. Shock-wave transformation in bubbly liquids, shock-wave amplification due to collision and focusing, and the formation of bubble detonation waves in reactive bubbly liquids are studied in detail. Particular emphasis is placed on the investigation of wave processes in cavitating liquids, which incorporates the concepts of the strength of real liquids containing natural microinhomogeneities, the relaxation of tensile stress, and the cavitation fracture of a liquid as the inversion of its two-phase state under impulsive (explosive) loading. The problems are classed among essentially nonlinear processes that occur under shock loading of liquids and may be of interest to researchers in physical acoustics, mechanics of multiphase media, shock-wave processes in condensed media, explosive hydroacoustics, and cumulation.

The Foundation for Advances in Medicine and Science (FAMS), the organizers of SCANNING 98, sponsored its third annual Atomic Force Microscopy/Scanning Tunneling Microscopy Symposium at the Omni Inner Harbor Hotelin Baltimore, Maryland, from May 9 to 12, 1998. This book represents the compilation of papers that were presented at the AFM/STM Symposium as well as a few that were presented at SCANNING 96 and SCANNING 97 meetings that took place in Monterey, California. The purpose of the symposium was to provide an interface between scientists and engineers, representatives of industry, government and academia, all of whom have a common interest in probe microscopies. The meetings offered an ideal forum where ideas could easily be exchanged and where individuals from diverse fields who are on the cutting edge ofprobe microscopy research could communicate with one another. Experts in probe microscopy from around the world representing a wide range of disciplines including physics, biotechnology, nanotechnology, chemistry, material science, etc., were invited to participate. The format of the meeting was structured so as to encourage communication among these individuals. During the first day's sessions papers were presented on general topics such as application of scanning probe microscopy in materials science; STM and scanning tunneling spectroscopy of organic materials; fractal analysis in AFM; and nanomanipulation. Other papers presented included unexpected ordering of a molecule; synthesis ofpeptides and oligonucleotides; and analysis oflunar soils from Apollo 11.

A nonneutral plasma is a many-body collection of charged particles in which there is not overall charge neutrality. The diverse areas of application of nonneutral plasmas include: precision atomic clocks, trapping of antimatter plasmas and antihydrogen production, quantum computers, nonlinear vortex dynamics and fundamental transport processes in trapped nonneutral plasmas, strongly-coupled one-component plasmas and Coulomb crystals, coherent radiation generation in free electron devices, such as free electron lasers, magnetrons and cyclotron masers, and intense charged particle beam propagation in periodic focusing accelerators and transport systems, to mention a few examples. Physics of Nonneutral Plasmas is a graduate-level text - complete with 138 assigned problems and the results from several classic experiments - which covers a broad range of topics related to the fundamental properties of collective processes and nonlinear dynamics of one-component and multispecies charged particle systems in which there is not overall charge neutrality. The subject matter is treated systematically from first principles, using a unified theoretical approach, and the emphasis is on the development of basic concepts that illustrate the underlying physical processes in circumstances where intense self fields play a major role in determining the evolution of the system. The theoretical analysis includes the full influence of dc space charge effects on detailed equilibrium, stability and transport properties. The statistical models used to describe the properties of nonneutral plasmas are based on the nonlinear Vlasov-Maxwell equations, the macroscopic fluid-Maxwell equations, or the Klimontovich-Maxwell equations, as appropriate, and extensive use is made of theoretical techniques developed in the description of multispecies electrically-neutral plasmas, as well as established techniques in classical mechanics, electrodynamics and statistical physics.Physics of Nonneutral Plasmas emphasizes basic physics principles, and the thorough presentation style is intended to have a lasting appeal to graduate students and researchers alike. Because of the advanced theoretical techniques developed for describing one-component charged particle systems, this book serves as a useful companion volume to Physics of Intense Charged Particle Beams in High Energy Accelerators by Ronald C Davidson and Hong Qin.

A nonneutral plasma is a many-body collection of charged particles in which there is not overall charge neutrality. The diverse areas of application of nonneutral plasmas include: precision atomic clocks, trapping of antimatter plasmas and antihydrogen production, quantum computers, nonlinear vortex dynamics and fundamental transport processes in trapped nonneutral plasmas, strongly-coupled one-component plasmas and Coulomb crystals, coherent radiation generation in free electron devices, such as free electron lasers, magnetrons and cyclotron masers, and intense charged particle beam propagation in periodic focusing accelerators and transport systems, to mention a few examples. Physics of Nonneutral Plasmas is a graduate-level text - complete with 138 assigned problems and the results from several classic experiments - which covers a broad range of topics related to the fundamental properties of collective processes and nonlinear dynamics of one-component and multispecies charged particle systems in which there is not overall charge neutrality. The subject matter is treated systematically from first principles, using a unified theoretical approach, and the emphasis is on the development of basic concepts that illustrate the underlying physical processes in circumstances where intense self fields play a major role in determining the evolution of the system. The theoretical analysis includes the full influence of dc space charge effects on detailed equilibrium, stability and transport properties. The statistical models used to describe the properties of nonneutral plasmas are based on the nonlinear Vlasov-Maxwell equations, the macroscopic fluid-Maxwell equations, or the Klimontovich-Maxwell equations, as appropriate, and extensive use is made of theoretical techniques developed in the description of multispecies electrically-neutral plasmas, as well as established techniques in classical mechanics, electrodynamics and statistical physics.Physics of Nonneutral Plasmas emphasizes basic physics principles, and the thorough presentation style is intended to have a lasting appeal to graduate students and researchers alike. Because of the advanced theoretical techniques developed for describing one-component charged particle systems, this book serves as a useful companion volume to Physics of Intense Charged Particle Beams in High Energy Accelerators by Ronald C Davidson and Hong Qin.

This book describes developments in the field of super-resolution fluorescence microscopy or nanoscopy. In 11 chapters, distinguished scientists and leaders in their respective fields describe different nanoscopy approaches, various labeling technologies, and concrete applications. The topics covered include the principles and applications of the most popular nanoscopy techniques STED and (f)PALM/STORM, along with advances brought about by fluorescent proteins and organic dyes optimized for fluorescence nanoscopy. Furthermore, the photophysics of fluorescent labels is addressed, specifically for improving their photoswitching capabilities. Important applications are also discussed, such as the tracking and counting of molecules to determine acting forces in cells, and quantitative cellular imaging, respectively, as well as the mapping of chemical reaction centers at the nano-scale. The 2014 Chemistry Nobel Prize (R) was awarded for the ground-breaking developments of super-resolved fluorescence microscopy. In this book, which was co-edited by one of the prize winners, readers will find the most recent developments in this field.

Spark scientific curiosity from a young age with this six-level course through an enquiry-based approach and active learning. Collins International Primary Science fully meets the requirements of the Cambridge Primary Science Curriculum Framework from 2020 and has been carefully developed for a range of international contexts. The course is organised into four main strands: Biology, Chemistry, Physics and Earth and Space and the skills detailed under the 'Thinking and Working Scientifically' strand are introduced and taught in the context of those areas. For each Student's Book at Stages 1 to 6, we offer: A full colour and highly illustrated Student's Book Photo-rich spreads show that science is 'real' and puts it into context Earth and Space content covers the new curriculum framework Thinking and Working Scientifically deepens and enhances the delivery of Science skills Actively learn through practical activities that don't require specialist equipment or labs Scaffolding allows students of varying abilities to work with common content and meet learning objectives Supports Cambridge Global Perspectives (TM) with activities that develop and practise key skills Provides learner support as part of a set of resources for the Cambridge Primary Science curriculum framework (0097) from 2020 This series is endorsed by Cambridge Assessment International Education to support the new curriculum framework 0097 from 2020.

Optical frequency measurement is an extremely challenging field of experimental physics which is presently undergoing a renaissance driven by the needs of modern high density optical communication systems as well as by requirements of high-resolution laser spectroscopy. This text is the first to discuss the development of traditional and second generation frequency chains together with their enabling technology. Reviews written by some of the most experienced researchers in their respective fields address the technology of frequency metrology such as: low noise microwave oscillators and microwave frequency standards, low noise and high stability optical frequency sources, optical frequency standards, traditional and second-generation optical frequency measurement and synthesis techniques as well as optical frequency comb generators. It should prove useful to researchers just entering the field of frequency metrology or equally well to the experienced practitioner.

Confocal Microscopy: Methods and Protocols, Second Edition takes the researcher from the bench top through the imaging process, to the page. Protocols for the preparation of tissues from many model organisms including worms, flies and mice have been included as well as chapters on confocal imaging of living cells, three dimensional analysis, and the measurement and presentation of confocal images for publication. Emphasis has been placed on the laser scanning confocal microscope since this is still the instrument used for most routine applications. The current generation of modern confocal instruments produces optical sections of cells and tissues that are free of out-of-focus fluorescence with reduced chances of artifacts from the techniques of specimen preparation. This allows the imaging of living specimens and measurements of physiological events within cells. Confocal microscopy has become essential in many fields of contemporary biomedical research where a light microscope is required for imaging fluorescently labeled cells and tissues, especially cell biology, developmental biology, neurobiology, and pathology. Written in the successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible protocols, and notes on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and easily accessible, Confocal Microscopy: Methods and Protocols, Second Edition is aimed primarily, but not exclusively, at the novice user with pointers to more advanced techniques.

Bridging the gap between statistical theory and physical experiment, this is a thorough introduction to the statistical methods used in the experimental physical sciences and to the numerical methods used to implement them. An accompanying CD-ROM provides detailed code for implementing many of these algorithms. The treatment emphasises concise but rigorous mathematics but always retains its focus on applications. Readers are assumed to have a sound basic knowledge of differential and integral calculus and some knowledge of vectors and matrices. After an introduction to probability, random variables, computer generation of random numbers and important distributions, the book turns to statistical samples, the maximum likelihood method, and the testing of statistical hypotheses. The discussion concludes with several important statistical methods: least squares, analysis of variance, polynomial regression, and analysis of time series. Appendices provide the necessary methods of matrix algebra, combinatorics, and many sets of useful algorithms and formulae.

It has become clear that tumors result from excessive cell proliferation and a corresponding reduction in cell death caused by the successive accumulation of mutations in key regulatory target genes over time. During the 1980s, a number of oncogenes were characterized, whereas from the 1990s to the present, the emp- sis has shifted to tumor suppressor genes (TSGs). It has become clear that oncogenes and TSGs function in the same pathways, providing positive and negative growth regulatory activities. The signaling pathways controlled by these genes involve virtually every process in cell biology, including nuclear events, cell cycle, cell death, cytoskeletal, cell membrane, angiogenesis, and cell adhesion effects. Mu- tions in tumor suppressor genes have been identified in familial cancer syndromes, and the same genes in many cases have been found to be mutationally inactivated in sporadically occurring cancers. In their normal state, TSGs control cancer development and progression, as well as contribute to the sensitivity of cancers to a variety of therapeutics. Understanding the classes of TSGs, the biochemical pa- ways they function in, and how they are regulated provides an essential lesson in cancer biology. We cannot hope to advance our current knowledge and to develop new and more effective therapies without understanding the relevant pathways and how they influence the present approaches to therapy. Moreover, it is important to be able to access not only the powerful tools now available to discover these genes, but also their links to cell biology and growth control.

Spark scientific curiosity from a young age with this six-level course through an enquiry-based approach and active learning. Collins International Primary Science fully meets the requirements of the Cambridge Primary Science Curriculum Framework from 2020 and has been carefully developed for a range of international contexts. The course is organised into four main strands: Biology, Chemistry, Physics and Earth and Space and the skills detailed under the 'Thinking and Working Scientifically' strand are introduced and taught in the context of those areas. For each Student's Book at Stages 1 to 6, we offer: A full colour and highly illustrated Student's Book Photo-rich spreads show that science is 'real' and puts it into context Earth and Space content covers the new curriculum framework Thinking and Working Scientifically deepens and enhances the delivery of Science skills Actively learn through practical activities that don't require specialist equipment or labs Scaffolding allows students of varying abilities to work with common content and meet learning objectives Supports Cambridge Global Perspectives (TM) with activities that develop and practise key skills Provides learner support as part of a set of resources for the Cambridge Primary Science curriculum framework (0097) from 2020 This series is endorsed by Cambridge Assessment International Education to support the new curriculum framework 0097 from 2020.

Chemistry is an experimental subject, and what can be more stimulating than carrying out a laboratory experiment where the results are memorable either by their visual nature or by their tying together of theory. This collection of 100 chemistry experiments has been developed with the help and support of teachers throughout the UK. Each student worksheet is accompanied by a teachers' notes sheet which gives details for teachers and technicians on apparatus and chemicals, timing, context, teaching tips, background theory and answers to any questions on the student worksheets. The student worksheets are also available on the web, and can be downloaded or adapted as necessary by teachers. Classic Chemistry Experiments is designed as a teaching aid to help communicate the excitement and wonder of chemistry to students, and is ideal for both experienced chemistry teachers and to scientists from other disciplines who are teaching chemistry. Additional resources can be downloaded from: http://www.rsc.org/learn-chemistry/resource/res00001938/classic-chemistry-experiments-book#!cmpid=CMP00000454

Antibodies tagged with fuorescent markers have been used in histochemistry for over 50 years. Although early applications were focused on the detection of microbial antigens in tissues, the use of immunocytochemical methods now has spread to include the det- tion of a wide array of antigens including proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids from virtually any organism. Today, immunohistochemistry is widely used to identify, in situ, various components of cells and tissues in both normal and pathological conditions. The method gains its strength from the extremely sensitive interaction of a specifc antibody with its antigen. For some scientifc areas, books have been published on applications of immu- cytochemical techniques specifc to that area. What distinguished Immunocytochemical Methods and Protocols from earlier books when it was frst published was its broad appeal to investigators across all disciplines, including those in both research and clinical settings. The methods and protocols p- sented in the frst edition were designed to be general in their application; the accompa- ing "Notes" provided the reader with invaluable assistance in adapting or troubleshooting the protocols. These strengths continued to hold true for the second edition and again for the third edition. Since the publication of the frst edition, the application of immuno- tochemical techniques in the clinical laboratory has continued to rise and this third edition provides methods that are applicable to basic research as well as to the clinical laboratory.

Silicon, the basic material for a multibillion-dollar industry, is the most widely researched and applied semiconductor, and its surfaces are the most thoroughly studied of all semiconductor surfaces. Silicon Surfaces and Formation of Interfaces may be used as an introduction to graduate-level physics and chemical physics. Moreover, it gives a specialized and comprehensive description of the most common faces of silicon crystals as well as their interaction with adsorbates and overlayers. This knowledge is presented in a systematic and easy-to-follow way. Discussion of each system is preceded by a brief overview which categorizes the features and physical mechanisms before the details are presented. The literature is easily available, and the references am numerous and organized in tables, allowing a search without the need to browse through the text.

Though this volume focuses on a scientific understanding of physics on the atomistic and mesoscopic levels, it also highlights existing and potential links between basic research in surface science and applications in the silicon industry. It will be valuable to anyone writing a paper, thesis, or proposal in the field of silicon surfaces.

Being the most active field in modern physics, Optical Physics has developed many new branches and interdisciplinary fields overlapping with various classical disciplines. This series summarizes the advancements of optical physics in the past twenty years in the following fields: High Field Laser Physics, Precision Laser Spectroscopy, Nonlinear Optics, Nanophotonics, Quantum Optics, Ultrafast Optics, Condensed Matter Optics, and Molecular Biophotonics.

With its focus on the practical application of the techniques of multivariate statistics, this book shapes the powerful tools of statistics for the specific needs of ecologists and makes statistics more applicable to their course of study. It gives readers a solid conceptual understanding of the role of multivariate statistics in ecological applications and the relationships among various techniques, while avoiding detailed mathematics and the underlying theory. More importantly, the reader will gain insight into the type of research questions best handled by each technique and the important considerations in applying them. Whether used as a textbook for specialised courses or as a supplement to general statistics texts, the book emphasises those techniques that students of ecology and natural resources most need to understand and employ in their research. While targeted for upper-division and graduate students in wildlife biology, forestry, and ecology, and for professional wildlife scientists and natural resource managers, this book will also be valuable to researchers in any of the biological sciences.

The field of high performance computing achieved prominence through advances in electronic and integrated technologies beginning in the 1940s. Current times are very exciting and the years to come will witness a proliferation of the use of parallel and distributed systems. The scientific and engineering application domains have a key role in shaping future research and development activities in academia and industry, especially when the solution of large and complex problems must cope with harder and harder timing.
High Performance Scientific And Engineering Computing: Hardware/Software Support contains selected chapters on hardware/software support for high performance scientific and engineering computing from prestigious workshops in the fields such as PACT-SHPSEC, IPDPS-PDSECA and ICPP-HPSECA. This edited volume is basically divided into six main sections which include invited material from prominent researchers around the world. We believe all of these contributed chapters and topics not only provide novel ideas, new results and state-of-the-art techniques in this field, but also stimulate the future research activities in the area of high performance computing for science and engineering applications.
High Performance Scientific And Engineering Computing: Hardware/Software Support is designed for a professional audience, composed of researchers and practitioners in industry. This book is also suitable as a secondary text for graduate-level students in computer science and engineering.

This volume supplements Volumes 63, 64, 87, and 249 of Methods in Enzymology. These volumes provide a basic source for the quantitative interpretation of enzyme rate data and the analysis of enzyme catalysis. Among the major topics covered are Engergetic Coupling in Enzymatic Reactions, Intermediates and Complexes in Catalysis, Detection and Properties of Low Barrier Hydrogen Bonds, Transition State Determination, and Inhibitors.
The critically acclaimed laboratory standard for more than forty years, Methods in Enzymology is one of the most highly respected publications in the field of biochemistry. Since 1955, each volume has been eagerly awaited, frequently consulted, and praised by researchers and reviewers alike. Now with more than 300 volumes (all of them still in print), the series contains much material still relevant today--truly an essential publication for researchers in all fields of life sciences.

Microscope Image Processing, Second Edition, introduces the basic fundamentals of image formation in microscopy including the importance of image digitization and display, which are key to quality visualization. Image processing and analysis are discussed in detail to provide readers with the tools necessary to improve the visual quality of images, and to extract quantitative information. Basic techniques such as image enhancement, filtering, segmentation, object measurement, and pattern recognition cover concepts integral to image processing. In addition, chapters on specific modern microscopy techniques such as fluorescence imaging, multispectral imaging, three-dimensional imaging and time-lapse imaging, introduce these key areas with emphasis on the differences among the various techniques. The new edition discusses recent developments in microscopy such as light sheet microscopy, digital microscopy, whole slide imaging, and the use of deep learning techniques for image segmentation and analysis with big data image informatics and management. Microscope Image Processing, Second Edition, is suitable for engineers, scientists, clinicians, post-graduate fellows and graduate students working in bioengineering, biomedical engineering, biology, medicine, chemistry, pharmacology and related fields, who use microscopes in their work and would like to understand the methodologies and capabilities of the latest digital image processing techniques or desire to develop their own image processing algorithms and software for specific applications.

A comprehensive tutorial for researchers and practitioners involved in surface science. The basics of the scanning probe microscopy techniques as well as material class-specific applications are thoroughly discussed. The book gives access to these methods for advanced students and allows researchers to apply these powerful atomic-resolution imaging techniques to new systems.

In the hopes of preserving these delightful devices for future generations, this collector of slide rules covers everything one could possibly want to know about this crude form of analog computer: from its invention in the 17th century to manufacturers- retailers, 1850-1998, and the Oughtred Soci

Purification of Laboratory Chemicals: Part Two, Inorganic Chemicals, Catalysts, Biochemicals, Physiologically Active Chemicals, Nanomaterials, Ninth Edition describes contemporary methods for the purification of chemical compounds. The work includes tabulated methods taken from literature for purifying thousands of individual commercially available chemical substances. To help in applying this information, the more common processes currently used for purification in chemical laboratories and new methods are discussed. For dealing with substances not separately listed, another chapter is included, setting out the usual methods for purifying specific classes of compounds. Laboratory workers, whether carrying out research or routine work, will invariably need to consult this book. Apart from the procedures described, the large amount of physical data about listed chemicals is essential. This fully updated, revised and expanded new edition includes the purification of many new substances that have been available commercially since 2017, along with previously available substances which have found new applications.