This book presents the latest developments in noncontact atomic force microscopy. It deals with the following outstanding functions and applications that have been obtained with atomic resolution after the publication of volume 2: (1) Pauli repulsive force imaging of molecular structure, (2) Applications of force spectroscopy and force mapping with atomic resolution, (3) Applications of tuning forks, (4) Applications of atomic/molecular manipulation, (5) Applications of magnetic exchange force microscopy, (6) Applications of atomic and molecular imaging in liquids, (7) Applications of combined AFM/STM with atomic resolution, and (8) New technologies in dynamic force microscopy. These results and technologies are now expanding the capacity of the NC-AFM with imaging functions on an atomic scale toward making them characterization and manipulation tools of individual atoms/molecules and nanostructures, with outstanding capability at the level of molecular, atomic, and subatomic resolution. Since the publication of vol. 2 of the book Noncontact Atomic Force Microscopy in 2009 the noncontact atomic force microscope, which can image even insulators with atomic resolution, has achieved remarkable progress. The NC-AFM is now becoming crucial for nanoscience and nanotechnology.

This thesis describes novel approaches and implementation of high-resolution microscopy in the extreme ultraviolet light regime. Using coherent ultrafast laser-generated short wavelength radiation for illuminating samples allows imaging beyond the resolution of visible-light microscopes. Michael Zurch gives a comprehensive overview of the fundamentals and techniques involved, starting from the laser-based frequency conversion scheme and its technical implementation as well as general considerations of diffraction-based imaging at nanoscopic spatial resolution. Experiments on digital in-line holography and coherent diffraction imaging of artificial and biologic specimens are demonstrated and discussed in this book. In the field of biologic imaging, a novel award-winning cell classification scheme and its first experimental application for identifying breast cancer cells are introduced. Finally, this book presents a newly developed technique of generating structured illumination by means of so-called optical vortex beams in the extreme ultraviolet regime and proposes its general usability for super-resolution imaging.

The electric dipole moment (EDM) challenge measures a non-zero proton EDM value and this book suggests how the challenge can be met. Any measurably large proton EDM would violate the standard model. The method to be employed uses an intense beam of 'frozen spin' protons circulating for hour-long times in a storage ring 'trap'. The smallness of EDMs allows them to test existing theories, but also makes them hard to measure. Such EDM experiments are inexpensive, at least compared to building accelerators of ever-greater energy.

This volume presents current advanced technologies and methods used in super-resolution microscopy. The chapters in this book cover a wide range of topics such as introducing super-resolution microscopy into a core facility; two-photon STED microscopy for nanoscale imaging of neural morphology in vivo; correlative SIM-STORM microscopy; two-color single-molecule tracking in live cells; and correlative single molecule localization microscopy and confocal microscopy. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Cutting-edge and comprehensive, Super-Resolution Microscopy: Methods and Protocols is a valuable resource for both established and novel researchers and users in this field.

Biobanking, an emerging field supported by academia, industry and health administrators alike, is distinctly different today from the practice that once defined it. The science of Biobanking, which initially involved simply storing blood or tissue samples in a freezer, is now a highly sophisticated field of research, and expected to grow exponentially over the next decade or two. This book aims to serve the purpose of further enriching the available literature on Biobanking, by offering unique and more useful collection of ideas for the future. The book outlines the experiences of developing modern Biobanking repositories in different countries, whilst covering specific topics regarding the many aspects of Biobanking. This book will be of interest to a wide range of readers including: academics, students, volunteers and advocates of patients' rights.

Specialist Periodical Reports provide systematic and detailed review coverage of progress in the major areas of chemical research. Written by experts in their specialist fields the series creates a unique service for the active research chemist, supplying regular critical in-depth accounts of progress in particular areas of chemistry. For over 80 years the Royal Society of Chemistry and its predecessor, the Chemical Society, have been publishing reports charting developments in chemistry, which originally took the form of Annual Reports. However, by 1967 the whole spectrum of chemistry could no longer be contained within one volume and the series Specialist Periodical Reports was born. The Annual Reports themselves still existed but were divided into two, and subsequently three, volumes covering Inorganic, Organic and Physical Chemistry. For more general coverage of the highlights in chemistry they remain a 'must'. Since that time the SPR series has altered according to the fluctuating degree of activity in various fields of chemistry. Some titles have remained unchanged, while others have altered their emphasis along with their titles; some have been combined under a new name whereas others have had to be discontinued. The current list of Specialist Periodical Reports can be seen on the inside flap of this volume.

Advan ces in production technology.- System analysis of yield trials can raise efficiency of breeding for yield.- Research needs in the production of high quality seeds.- Breeding for quality and resistance to fusarial wilt in gladiolus.- Reproductive biology of potato: Basis for true seed production.- Resistance breeding under coordinated programme.- Quality improvement of Punjab grapes.- Exploitation of allien genes for yellow vein mosaic resistance in okra.- Use of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza (VAM) as biofertilizer for horticultural plants in developing countries.- Foliar feeding of zinc and iron in peach.- Conservation of wild plants of horticultural importance from Tumkur district, Karnataka.- Potential of seed storage at ambient temperature using organic liquids to avoid refrigeration.- Chemical weeding as a labour saving device in management of fruit nurseries.- Role of germplasm in Citrus rootstock improvement.- Comparative efficacy of single and split applied nitrogen on yield and quality of 'Perlette' grapes.- Induced mutations recovered in M2 and subsequent generations in three varieties of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench).- Plant genetic manipulation.- Role of viruses in plant biotechnology.- Microbial populations, host-specific virulence & plant resistance genes.- Genetically engineered resistance in plants against viral infection.- Genetic engineering and transformation of monocots for crop improvement.- Agrobacterium-mediated gene transfer in Citrus reticulata Blanco.- Regeneration and genetic transformation studies in watermelon (Citrullus vulgaris L. cv. Melitopolski).- Molecular aspects of cytokinin's stymied action on auxin-mediated new root formation in the hypocotyls of Phaseolus vulgaris L..- Plant cell and tissue culture.- Commercial aspects of micropropagation.- Large scale micropropagation: it's strategic use in horticulture.- Micropropagation of bulb crops.- Current status of forest biotechnology.- Large scale secondary metabolite production: the sanguinarine story.- Current research on micropropagation of Sulcorebutia alba Rausch, Syringa vulgaris L., Hip-peastrum hybrids and Tulipa hybrids.- Plant cell culture and food biotechnology: current trends and future prospects.- Tissue culture propagation: problems and potentials.- Micropropagation and plant conformity in Anthurium andreanum.- Rapid in vitro propagation of virus-indexed Freesia.- Effect of culture media and growth regulators on in vitro propagation of rose.- Shoot tip culture method for rapid clonal propagation of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.).- Tissue culture strategies for banana.- Gynogenic plants from ovary cultures of Mulberry (Morus indica).- Induction of high frequency somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration in mandarins.- Tissue culture of medicinal plants: morphogenesis, direct regeneration and somatic embryogenesis.- Production of important phytochemicals through plant cell cultures and scale-up operations: limitations and prospects.- Establishment of somatic cell culture and plant regeneration in grapes (Vitis vinifera L.).- In-ovulo embryo culture in seedless grapes (Vitis vinifera L.).- Micropropagation of Davana (Artemisia pallens Wall.) by tissue culture.- Clonal propagation of bamboo, coffee and mimosa.- Greenhouse technology.- Greenhouse environmental control for Indian conditions.- New seed-grown cut flowers for floriculture industry.- Cut flowers in the Western Hemisphere.- Decision support for integrated greenhouse production systems.- Greenhouse pot plant production in the United States.- Robotics applications to transplanting of plug seedlings.- Plant health and crop protection.- Immunological and molecular approaches to the diagnosis of viruses infecting horticultural crops.- Viruses of ornamentals - identification and diagnosis.- Protein-A supplemented immune electron microscopy for diagnosis of potato viruses X, S, Y and leafroll.- Production of virus-tested seed potatoes.- Pesticide deconta

Basic Confocal Microscopy, Second Edition builds on the successful first edition by keeping the same format and reflecting relevant changes and recent developments in this still-burgeoning field. This format is based on the Confocal Microscopy Workshop that has been taught by several of the authors for nearly 20 years and remains a popular workshop for gaining basic skills in confocal microscopy. While much of the information concerning fluorescence and confocal microscopy that made the first edition a success has not changed in the six years since the book was first published, confocal imaging is an evolving field and recent advances in detector technology, operating software, tissue preparation and clearing, image analysis, and more have been updated to reflect this. Several of these advances are now considered routine in many laboratories, and others such as super resolution techniques built on confocal technology are becoming widely available.

This book highlights the current understanding of materials in the context of new and continuously emerging techniques in the field of electron microscopy. The authors present applications of electron microscopic techniques in characterizing various well-known & new nanomaterials. The applications described include both inorganic nanomaterials as well as organic nanomaterials.

The principles and procedures used to obtain structural measurements of terrestrial vegetation communities are presented in this text/reference. Designed to be the standard work on the topic, it provides a balance between conceptual and practical aspects of measurement procedures and techniques. The four commonly used measurements of vegetation - frequency, cover, density, and biomass - are introduced, along with their associated units. There is also up-to-date coverage of vegetation measurement using remote sensing techniques.

The combination of atomic force microscopy with ultrasonic methods allows the nearfield detection of acoustic signals. The nondestructive characterization and nanoscale quantitative mapping of surface adhesion and stiffness or friction is possible. The aim of this book is to provide a comprehensive review of different scanning probe acoustic techniques, including AFAM, UAFM, SNFUH, UFM, SMM and torsional tapping modes. Basic theoretical explanations are given to understand not only the probe dynamics but also the dynamics of tip surface contacts. Calibration and enhancement are discussed to better define the performance of the techniques, which are also compared with other classical techniques such as nanoindentation or surface acoustic wave. Different application fields are described, including biological surfaces, polymers and thin films.

This book focuses on charged-particle optics and microscopy, as well as their applications in the materials sciences. Presenting a range of cutting-edge theoretical and methodological advances in electron microscopy and microanalysis, and examining their crucial roles in modern materials research, it offers a unique resource for all researchers who work in ultramicroscopy and/or materials research. The book addresses the growing opportunities in this field and introduces readers to the state of the art in charged-particle microscopy techniques. It showcases recent advances in scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and helium ion microscopy, including advanced spectroscopy, spherical-corrected microscopy, focused-ion imaging and in-situ microscopy. Covering these and other essential topics, the book is intended to facilitate the development of microscopy techniques, inspire young researchers, and make a valuable contribution to the field.

This volume provides an overview of advanced fluorescence microscopy, covering a broad range of methods. Each chapter focuses on a different method and provides a practical guide for application in biological systems. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and cutting-edge, Advanced Fluorescence Microscopy: Methods and Protocols seeks to provide scientists with methods for biological systems that are of interest.

Specialist Periodical Reports provide systematic and detailed review coverage of progress in the major areas of chemical research. Written by experts in their specialist fields the series creates a unique service for the active research chemist, supplying regular critical in-depth accounts of progress in particular areas of chemistry. For over 80 years the Royal Society of Chemistry and its predecessor, the Chemical Society, have been publishing reports charting developments in chemistry, which originally took the form of Annual Reports. However, by 1967 the whole spectrum of chemistry could no longer be contained within one volume and the series Specialist Periodical Reports was born. The Annual Reports themselves still existed but were divided into two, and subsequently three, volumes covering Inorganic, Organic and Physical Chemistry. For more general coverage of the highlights in chemistry they remain a 'must'. Since that time the SPR series has altered according to the fluctuating degree of activity in various fields of chemistry. Some titles have remained unchanged, while others have altered their emphasis along with their titles; some have been combined under a new name whereas others have had to be discontinued. The current list of Specialist Periodical Reports can be seen on the inside flap of this volume.

The new edition of this widely-used sourcebook details the startlingly array of diagnostic equipment available in the medical laboratory of the nineties, and also covers maintenance and quality assurance for each type of instrument. This book includes 17 completely rewritten chapters and 7 new ones, on nephelometry and turbidimetry, gas chromatography, mass spectrometry, flow cytometry, automated immunoassay systems, automated blood bank systems, and physician's office laboratory instrumentation.

"Annual Reports in Computational Chemistry" is a new periodical providing timely and critical reviews of important topics in computational chemistry as applied to all chemical disciplines. Topics covered include quantum chemistry, molecular mechanics, force fields, chemical education, and applications in academic and industrial settings. Each volume is organized into (thematic) sections with contributions written by experts. Focusing on the most recent literature and advances in the field, each article covers a specific topic of importance to computational chemists. "Annual Reports in Computational Chemistry" is a "must" for researchers and students wishing to stay up-to-date on current developments in computational chemistry.
* Broad coverage of computational chemistry and up-to-date information
* Topics covered include bioinformatics, drug discovery, protein NMR, simulation methodologies, and applications in academic and industrial settings
* Each chapter reviews the most recent literature on a specific topic of interest to computational chemists

Chemical analysis moves from laboratory to places where samples to be analysed are located. This trend is aptly termed "on-site analysis". As the dictum says: "from sample transfer to information transfer". Owing to the ever increasing number of samples to be analysed, preliminary screening and selection of samples seems to be necessary, even in the laboratory. Rapid test methods of chemical analysis can solve both these tasks. This book is devoted to test methods that are widely used in environmental, industrial, clinical, forensic, medical, and other areas allowing a rapid, simple and cost-effective analysis - qualitative, semi-quantitative and quantitative to be performed by trained as well as non-trained personnel. Some general characteristic features of test methods and test systems are described in the book, e.g. definitions, advantages and limitations, chemical and physical principles of operation, procedures and protocols, and methodological aspects. Application of test methods in various areas is extensively overviewed, and the test means and test tools pertinent for solving each concrete analytical task are discussed, e.g. paper strips, indicator powders and tubes, tablets, etc. The most important applications of test methods, evidently, are: testing for inorganic and organic components in water (mostly for purposes of environmental control), monitoring of toxic gases and alcohol vapours, detection of narcotics and explosives, determination of glucose, cholesterol, and other components of medical importance.

This book is about China's ambitions in its most complex and internationally visible space endeavor, namely its human space exploration programme. It provides a comprehensive reflection on Chinas strategic direction and objectives in space, including in particular those set forth in its human spaceflight programme and analyses the key domestic and external factors affecting the country's presumed manned lunar ambitions. The objective of the book is to disentangle the opportunities and challenges Chinas space ambitions are creating for other spacefaring nations and for Europe in particular. It therefore includes an in-depth analysis of possible European postures towards China in space exploration and seeks to stimulate a debate on future space strategies in the broader context of world politics.

"Cryogenic Freezing Manual" is an aid to anyone in the process of using Liquid Nitrogen (LN2) to freeze a product and to anyone currently using LN2 freezing equipment.

"Modeling Nanoscale Imaging in Electron Microscopy" presents the recent advances that have been made using mathematical methods to resolve problems in microscopy. With improvements in hardware-based aberration software significantly expanding the nanoscale imaging capabilities of scanning transmission electron microscopes (STEM), these mathematical models can replace some labor intensive procedures used to operate and maintain STEMs. This book, the first in its field since 1998, will also cover such relevant concepts as superresolution techniques, special denoising methods, application of mathematical/statistical learning theory, and compressed sensing.

The Advancing Frontier in the Knowledge of the Structure of Interphases.- Some Recent Spectroscopic Approaches to the Solid-Solution Interface.- Application to Electrocatalysis of EMIRS (Electrochemically Modulated Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy) and Related Techniques.- Photoacoustic Spectroscopy and the In-Situ Characterization of the Electrochemical Interface.- Raman Spectroscopic Techniques in Interfacial Electrochemistry.- Laser Raman Spectroscopy in Studies of Corrosion and Electrocatalysis.- UV-Visible Reflectance Spectroscopy in Electrochemistry.- Study of Anodic Oxides by UV-Visible Potential-Modulated Reflectance Spectroscopy.- Nonlinear Optical Techniques for Surface Studies.- X-Ray Diffraction at the Electrode-Solution Interface.- X-Ray Reflectivity and Surface Roughness.- Surface Structural Investigations by Electron Diffraction Techniques.- Auger Electron Spectroscopy and the Electrochemical Interface.- Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS and UPS) of Electrode Surfaces.- Rutherford Backscattering Spectroscopy of Electrode Surfaces.- Electrochemical Applications of Scanning Tunneling Microscopy.

Since the discovery of a collagen-degrading protease in the tadpole tail in 1962, matrix metalloproteinase research has led to the discovery of more than twenty distinct vertebrate MMPs, along with a variety of homologues from diverse organisms such as the sea urchin, plants, insects, and nematode worms. Fully updating and adding to the popular first edition, Matrix Metalloproteinase Protocols, Second Edition includes a series of state-of-the-art techniques provided by eminent experts in the field. Beginning with a brief overview of the MMP arena, from how these enzymes fit into the larger degradome to what occurs when their expression and function in the mouse is modulated, the volume continues with sections on the expression and purification of MMPs and TIMPs, the detection of MMPs and TIMPs at both the protein and mRNA level, and our ability to assay MMP and TIMP activities in a wide variety of circumstances. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters contain introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and notes on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls.

Comprehensive and cutting-edge, Matrix Metalloproteinase Protocols, Second Edition is an ideal source for many of the essential laboratory techniques for both novice and seasoned researchers alike collected in one convenient volume.

The first edition of this classic book remains one of the very few introductory books covering both theoretical and practical aspects of thermal analysis (TA). This new edition includes a much enlarged section on MDSC, in which the instrument is described and a critical appraisal of the technique presented. Other additions include new sections on rate-controlled TGA, OTTER, and Specific Heat Spectroscopy, and a thoroughly updated section on X-Ray DSC. This very practical book is a must for people who use thermal analysis techniques in their everyday work. "An excellent introductory text" — Review of 1st Edition.