Fur das Verstandnis vieler technischer, chemischer und biologischer Prozesse ist ein solides Basiswissen der Thermodynamik und Kinetik notwendig. Das vorliegende Buch basiert auf einem multimedialen Kurs fur Bio- und Chemie-Ingenieure, welcher die Neugierde und Eigeninitiative der Studenten triggern soll. Die einsemestrige Grundlagenvorlesung wurde in 12 Workshops (Kapitel) unterteilt. Jedes Kapitel behandelt einen praxisrelevanten Bereich der Physikalischen Chemie und enthalt die folgenden didaktischen Elemente, die dieses Buch besonders spannend und verstandlich machen: - Videos zu jedem Kapitelstart als Vorbereitung zum Workshop - Schlusselbegriffe (fettgedruckt) fur weitere eigene Recherche - Verstandnisfragen und Rechenubungen mit Loesung als Lernkontrolle - Schlusselabbildungen als einfache, leicht nachzuzeichnende Tafelbilder Humorvolle Cartoons zu jedem Workshop (by Faelis) lockern den Text zusatzlich auf und erleichtern als Eselsbrucke den Lernprozess. Als Abrundung des Kurses finden sich im Anhang eine Zusammenfassung der bekanntesten Experimente im physikalisch-chemischen Grundpraktikum sowie Vorschlage fur die Gestaltung der Workshops mit Exponaten, Experimenten und "Fragen des Tages". Geeignet ist dieses Buch fur Studenten mit Nebenfach Chemie, wobei auch Chemiestudenten dieses verschlankte, didaktisch wertvolle Werk sicher hilfreich finden. Das Buch ist hervorragend zum Selbststudium geeignet.

This latest edition enhances the material of the first edition with a derivation of the value of the action for each of the Harrington-Shepard calorons/anticalorons that are relevant for the emergence of the thermal ground state. Also included are discussions of the caloron center versus its periphery, the role of the thermal ground state in U(1) wave propagation, photonic particle-wave duality, and calculational intricacies and book-keeping related to one-loop scattering of massless modes in the deconfining phase of an SU(2) Yang-Mills theory. Moreover, a derivation of the temperature-redshift relation of the CMB in deconfining SU(2) Yang-Mills thermodynamics and its application to explaining an apparent early re-ionization of the Universe are given. Finally, a mechanism of mass generation for cosmic neutrinos is proposed.

Sie sind eingeladen, die faszinierende Welt der Thermodynamik (Warmelehre) kennen zu lernen. Sie erfahren, dass energetische Betrachtungen in der Lage sind, die Eigenschaften von physikalischen und chemischen Vorgangen zu verstehen und vorherzusagen, z. B. deren Richtung und Gleichgewichtseinstellung. Dieses Buch ist in zwei Teile unterteilt: die "Chemische Thermodynamik" beschaftigt sich mit makroskopischen, phanomenologischen und damit messbaren Groessen, bei der "Statistischen Thermodynamik" hingegen werden die thermodynamischen Eigenschaften auf die Eigenschaften von Atomen und Molekulen zuruckgefuhrt, deren Grundlage die Quantenchemie ist. Das abschliessende Kapitel befasst sich mit der kinetischen Theorie von Gasen und der Maxwell-Boltzmann'schen Energie- und Geschwindigkeitsverteilung. Alle Kapitel enthalten Anwendungen, sowie zahlreiche Beispiele und Aufgaben mit Loesungen. Im Anhang sind mathematische Hinweise zum Verstandnis des Buchs und eine Liste der verwendeten physikalischen Groessen, Konstanten und Abkurzungen zu finden.

Atmospheric Thermodynamics provides a comprehensive treatment of a subject that can often be intimidating. The text analyses real-life problems and applications of the subject, alongside of guiding the reader through the fundamental basics and covering the first and second laws and the ideal gas law, followed by an emphasis on moist processes in Earth's atmosphere. Water in all its phases is a critical component of weather and the Earth's climate system. With user-friendly chapters that include energy conservation and water and its transformations, the authors write with a willingness to expose assumptions and approximations usually absent in other textbooks. History is woven into the text to provide a context for the time evolution of thermodynamics and its place in atmospheric science and demonstrating how physical reasoning leads to correct explanations of everyday phenomena. Many of the experiments described were done using inexpensive instruments to take advantage of the earth's atmosphere as a freely accessible thermodynamics library. This second edition provides updated treatments of atmospheric measurements and substantially expanded sections that include atmospheric applications of the first and second laws and energy exchange between humans and their atmospheric environment. With 400+ thought provoking problems and 350 references with annotated notes and further reading suggestions, this second edition provides a basic understanding of the fundamentals of this subject while still being a comprehensive reference guide for those working in the field of atmospheric and environmental sciences.

A brand-new conceptual look at dynamical thermodynamics This book merges the two universalisms of thermodynamics and dynamical systems theory in a single compendium, with the latter providing an ideal language for the former, to develop a new and unique framework for dynamical thermodynamics. In particular, the book uses system-theoretic ideas to bring coherence, clarity, and precision to an important and poorly understood classical area of science. The dynamical systems formalism captures all of the key aspects of thermodynamics, including its fundamental laws, while providing a mathematically rigorous formulation for thermodynamical systems out of equilibrium by unifying the theory of mechanics with that of classical thermodynamics. This book includes topics on nonequilibrium irreversible thermodynamics, Boltzmann thermodynamics, mass-action kinetics and chemical reactions, finite-time thermodynamics, thermodynamic critical phenomena with continuous and discontinuous phase transitions, information theory, continuum and stochastic thermodynamics, and relativistic thermodynamics. A Dynamical Systems Theory of Thermodynamics develops a postmodern theory of thermodynamics as part of mathematical dynamical systems theory. The book establishes a clear nexus between thermodynamic irreversibility, the second law of thermodynamics, and the arrow of time to further unify discreteness and continuity, indeterminism and determinism, and quantum mechanics and general relativity in the pursuit of understanding the most fundamental property of the universe-the entropic arrow of time.

Additive Fertigungsverfahren besitzen hohes Potential fur die Entwicklung hochleitungsfahiger Bauteile in unterschiedlichsten Anwendungsgebieten. Die hohe Anzahl an geometrischen Freiheitsgraden macht jedoch den Einsatz von Designalgorithmen unumganglich. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird das Generative Design von multiphysikalisch beanspruchten Bauteilen anhand von Kuhlkoerpern unter erzwungener Konvektion vorgestellt. Dies umfasst die systematische Entwicklung des geometrischen und simulativen Modells sowie die Optimierung zur Leistungssteigerung des Bauteils.

Discover a straightforward and holistic look at energy conversion and conservation processes using the exergy concept with this thorough text. Explains the fundamental energy conversion processes in numerous diverse systems, ranging from jet engines and nuclear reactors to human bodies. Provides examples for applications to practical energy conversion processes and systems that use our naturally occurring energy resources, such as fossil fuels, solar energy, wind, geothermal, and nuclear fuels. With more than one-hundred diverse cases and solved examples, readers will be able to perform optimizations for a cleaner environment, a sustainable energy future, and affordable energy generation. An essential tool for practicing scientists and engineers who work or do research in the area of energy and exergy, as well as graduate students and faculty in chemical engineering, mechanical engineering and physics.

"This gem of a book provides the student with a clear, concise, and compelling introduction to the deceptively simple but vitally important topic of thermodynamics. It involves the relationships between heat, work, temperature, energy, and states of matter, and touches virtually every field of science." Richard N. Zare, Stanford University "This book introduces students to the Boltzmann factor in an exceptionally clear and concise way. This is a key topic for students studying any branch of modern science. Most importantly, this text adds significantly to our understanding of both the simplicity and the importance of the Boltzmann factor." Graham Hutchings, FRS, Cardiff University This vibrant book takes the reader on an exciting journey through much of physical sciences by explaining the wide ranging influence of a single equation, the Boltzmann factor. This simple relation provides the key to understanding a remarkable variety of phenomena ranging from, for example, the behavior of atmospheric pressure at altitude, the appearance of molecular spectra and the factors that determine chemical equilibrium. Compact and clearly written book, this book, which requires no advanced mathematical skills, will enrich and deepen students' understanding of the molecular sciences. The insight it provides will enable them to appreciate the elegant unity that underlies the subject.

In these lectures we summarize certain results on models in statistical physics and quantum field theory and especially emphasize the deep relation ship between these subjects. From a physical point of view, we study phase transitions of realistic systems; from a more mathematical point of view, we describe field theoretical models defined on a euclidean space-time lattice, for which the lattice constant serves as a cutoff. The connection between these two approaches is obtained by identifying partition functions for spin models with discretized functional integrals. After an introduction to critical phenomena, we present methods which prove the existence or nonexistence of phase transitions for the Ising and Heisenberg models in various dimensions. As an example of a solvable system we discuss the two-dimensional Ising model. Topological excitations determine sectors of field theoretical models. In order to illustrate this, we first discuss soliton solutions of completely integrable classical models. Afterwards we dis cuss sectors for the external field problem and for the Schwinger model. Then we put gauge models on a lattice, give a survey of some rigorous results and discuss the phase structure of some lattice gauge models. Since great interest has recently been shown in string models, we give a short introduction to both the classical mechanics of strings and the bosonic and fermionic models. The formulation of the continuum limit for lattice systems leads to a discussion of the renormalization group, which we apply to various models."

An Introduction to Statistical Mechanics and Thermodynamics returns with a second edition which includes new chapters, further explorations, and updated information into the study of statistical mechanics and thermal dynamics. The first part of the book derives the entropy of the classical ideal gas, using only classical statistical mechanics and an analysis of multiple systems first suggested by Boltzmann. The properties of the entropy are then expressed as "postulates" of thermodynamics in the second part of the book. From these postulates, the formal structure of thermodynamics is developed. The third part of the book introduces the canonical and grand canonical ensembles, which are shown to facilitate calculations for many model systems. An explanation of irreversible phenomena that is consistent with time-reversal invariance in a closed system is presented. The fourth part of the book is devoted to quantum statistical mechanics, including black-body radiation, the harmonic solid, Bose-Einstein and Fermi-Dirac statistics, and an introduction to band theory, including metals, insulators, and semiconductors. The final chapter gives a brief introduction to the theory of phase transitions. Throughout the book, there is a strong emphasis on computational methods to make abstract concepts more concrete.

This book presents a clear and readable description of one of the most mysterious concepts of physics: Entropy. It contains a self-learning kit that guides the reader in understanding the concepts of entropy. In the first part, the reader is asked to play the familiar twenty-Question game. Once the reader feels comfortable with playing this game and acquires proficiency in playing the game effectively (intelligently), he or she will be able to capture the elusive and used-to-be mysterious concept of entropy.There will be no more speculative or arbitrary interpretations, nor "older" or "modern" views of entropy. This book will guide readers in choosing their own interpretation of entropy.

Dieses essential vermittelt eine mathematisch einfache und praxisorientierte Einfuhrung in die Thermodynamik (nicht nur) fur Chemietechniker und ermoeglicht mit nur wenigen Grundlagen einen Einstieg in die Materie. Der Schwerpunkt liegt auf der Vermittlung derjenigen Groessen, welche zum Verstandnis des Ablaufs chemischer Reaktionen relevant sind. Das Buch steht dabei nicht in Konkurrenz zu den ausfuhrlichen Lehrbuchern der Physikalischen Chemie. Vielmehr soll es Chemietechnikern und interessierten Anwendern ermoeglichen, Standardprobleme aus dem Gebiet der chemischen Thermodynamik zu verstehen und zu berechnen. Dabei wird konsequent auf den Einsatz hoeherer Mathematik verzichtet, so dass die Beispiele auch ohne Kenntnis von Differential- und Integralrechnung bearbeitet und auf viele andere Reaktionen ubertragen werden koennen.

Ein objektiver, dynamischer und physikalisch begrundeter Informationsbegriff wird ausgehend vom Shannonschen Entropiebegriff erarbeitet und auf die Informationstechnik, die kunstliche Intelligenz (Bewusstsein) und die Thermodynamik angewandt. Die Begrundung eines Informationserhaltungssatzes erhalt praktische Bedeutung in der Informationstechnik, insbesondere wenn sie in den Bereich der Quanten (Photonik/Quantencomputing) vordringt. Die unbedingte Dynamik von Information und deren Objektivitat werden kritisch untersucht und sind die Grundlagen der Betrachtungen.

The marvellous complexity of the Universe emerges from several deep laws and a handful of fundamental constants that fix its shape, scale, and destiny. There is a deep structure to the world which at the same time is simple, elegant, and beautiful. Where did these laws and these constants come from? And why are the laws so fruitful when written in the language of mathematics? Peter Atkins considers the minimum effort needed to equip the Universe with its laws and its constants. He explores the origin of the conservation of energy, of electromagnetism, of classical and quantum mechanics, and of thermodynamics, showing how all these laws spring from deep symmetries. The revolutionary result is a short but immensely rich weaving together of the fundamental ideas of physics. With his characteristic wit, erudition, and economy, Atkins sketches out how the laws of Nature can spring from very little. Or arguably from nothing at all.

Das Buch bietet eine Einfuhrung in die Regelung von Kaltdampfprozessen am Beispiel von Kraftfahrzeugen. Das hergeleitete, generische Regelungskonzept kann auf eine grosse gesamte Klasse von Regelungsproblemen in Kaltemittelkreislaufsystemen angewendet werden. Neben einer ausfuhrlichen Streckenanalyse wird insbesondere Wert auf die Wiederverwendbarkeit und universelle Anwendung der erarbeiteten Regelkreise gelegt.

Dieses essential gibt einen UEberblick uber die Veranderungen unseres Klimas, ihre Ursachen und ihre Folgen. Der Energiebedarf der Menschheit wird heute weitgehend auf klimaschadliche Weise gedeckt. Die Alternative dazu, die Sonnenenergie, wurde unseren Bedarf tausendfach befriedigen. Aber diese Option wird aus uberwiegend wirtschaftlichen Grunden viel zu wenig genutzt. In diesem essential werden anschliessend die Energiewandler besprochen, mit denen man die Sonnenenergie verfugbar machen kann. Einige andere moderne Energiequellen, wie zum Beispiel die Kernenergie, sind entweder nicht ausreichend, noch utopisch oder auf andere Weise umweltschadlich. Ein Ausblick zeigt, dass unser Energieproblem mit oekonomischer Vernunft durch globale Nutzung der Sonnenenergie leicht zu loesen ware. Das Klima koennte so noch rechtzeitig stabilisiert werden

"Metastable Liquids" provides a comprehensive treatment of the properties of liquids under conditions where the stable state is a vapor, a solid, or a liquid mixture of different composition. It examines the fundamental principles that govern the equilibrium properties, stability, relaxation mechanisms, and relaxation rates of metastable liquids. Building on the interplay of kinetics and thermodynamics that determines the thermophysical properties and structural relaxation of metastable liquids, it offers an in-depth treatment of thermodynamic stability theory, the statistical mechanics of metastability, nucleation, spinodal decomposition, supercooled liquids, and the glass transition.

Both traditional topics--such as stability theory--and modern developments--including modern theories of nucleation and the properties of supercooled and glassy water--are treated in detail. An introductory chapter illustrates, with numerous examples, the importance and ubiquity of metastable liquids. Examples include the ascent of sap in plants, the strategies adopted by many living organisms to survive prolonged exposure to sub-freezing conditions, the behavior of proteins at low temperatures, metastability in mineral inclusions, ozone depletion, the preservation and storage of labile biochemicals, and the prevention of natural gas clathrate hydrate formation. All mathematical symbols are defined in the text and key equations are clearly explained. More complex mathematical explanations are available in the appendixes.