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Books > Science & Mathematics > Physics > Thermodynamics & statistical physics > Thermodynamics
Fur das Verstandnis vieler technischer, chemischer und biologischer Prozesse ist ein solides Basiswissen der Thermodynamik und Kinetik notwendig. Das vorliegende Buch basiert auf einem multimedialen Kurs fur Bio- und Chemie-Ingenieure, welcher die Neugierde und Eigeninitiative der Studenten triggern soll. Die einsemestrige Grundlagenvorlesung wurde in 12 Workshops (Kapitel) unterteilt. Jedes Kapitel behandelt einen praxisrelevanten Bereich der Physikalischen Chemie und enthalt die folgenden didaktischen Elemente, die dieses Buch besonders spannend und verstandlich machen: - Videos zu jedem Kapitelstart als Vorbereitung zum Workshop - Schlusselbegriffe (fettgedruckt) fur weitere eigene Recherche - Verstandnisfragen und Rechenubungen mit Loesung als Lernkontrolle - Schlusselabbildungen als einfache, leicht nachzuzeichnende Tafelbilder Humorvolle Cartoons zu jedem Workshop (by Faelis) lockern den Text zusatzlich auf und erleichtern als Eselsbrucke den Lernprozess. Als Abrundung des Kurses finden sich im Anhang eine Zusammenfassung der bekanntesten Experimente im physikalisch-chemischen Grundpraktikum sowie Vorschlage fur die Gestaltung der Workshops mit Exponaten, Experimenten und "Fragen des Tages". Geeignet ist dieses Buch fur Studenten mit Nebenfach Chemie, wobei auch Chemiestudenten dieses verschlankte, didaktisch wertvolle Werk sicher hilfreich finden. Das Buch ist hervorragend zum Selbststudium geeignet.
Atmospheric Thermodynamics provides a comprehensive treatment of a subject that can often be intimidating. The text analyses real-life problems and applications of the subject, alongside of guiding the reader through the fundamental basics and covering the first and second laws and the ideal gas law, followed by an emphasis on moist processes in Earth's atmosphere. Water in all its phases is a critical component of weather and the Earth's climate system. With user-friendly chapters that include energy conservation and water and its transformations, the authors write with a willingness to expose assumptions and approximations usually absent in other textbooks. History is woven into the text to provide a context for the time evolution of thermodynamics and its place in atmospheric science and demonstrating how physical reasoning leads to correct explanations of everyday phenomena. Many of the experiments described were done using inexpensive instruments to take advantage of the earth's atmosphere as a freely accessible thermodynamics library. This second edition provides updated treatments of atmospheric measurements and substantially expanded sections that include atmospheric applications of the first and second laws and energy exchange between humans and their atmospheric environment. With 400+ thought provoking problems and 350 references with annotated notes and further reading suggestions, this second edition provides a basic understanding of the fundamentals of this subject while still being a comprehensive reference guide for those working in the field of atmospheric and environmental sciences.
This latest edition enhances the material of the first edition with a derivation of the value of the action for each of the Harrington-Shepard calorons/anticalorons that are relevant for the emergence of the thermal ground state. Also included are discussions of the caloron center versus its periphery, the role of the thermal ground state in U(1) wave propagation, photonic particle-wave duality, and calculational intricacies and book-keeping related to one-loop scattering of massless modes in the deconfining phase of an SU(2) Yang-Mills theory. Moreover, a derivation of the temperature-redshift relation of the CMB in deconfining SU(2) Yang-Mills thermodynamics and its application to explaining an apparent early re-ionization of the Universe are given. Finally, a mechanism of mass generation for cosmic neutrinos is proposed.
This suberb text is designed to introduce the fundamentals of the subject of statistical mechanics at a level suitable for students who meet the subject for the first time. The treatment given is designed to give the student a feeling for the topic of statistical mechanics without being held back by the need to understand complex mathematics. The text is concise and concentrates on the understanding of fundamental aspects. Numerous questions with worked solutions are given throughout
Sie sind eingeladen, die faszinierende Welt der Thermodynamik (Warmelehre) kennen zu lernen. Sie erfahren, dass energetische Betrachtungen in der Lage sind, die Eigenschaften von physikalischen und chemischen Vorgangen zu verstehen und vorherzusagen, z. B. deren Richtung und Gleichgewichtseinstellung. Dieses Buch ist in zwei Teile unterteilt: die "Chemische Thermodynamik" beschaftigt sich mit makroskopischen, phanomenologischen und damit messbaren Groessen, bei der "Statistischen Thermodynamik" hingegen werden die thermodynamischen Eigenschaften auf die Eigenschaften von Atomen und Molekulen zuruckgefuhrt, deren Grundlage die Quantenchemie ist. Das abschliessende Kapitel befasst sich mit der kinetischen Theorie von Gasen und der Maxwell-Boltzmann'schen Energie- und Geschwindigkeitsverteilung. Alle Kapitel enthalten Anwendungen, sowie zahlreiche Beispiele und Aufgaben mit Loesungen. Im Anhang sind mathematische Hinweise zum Verstandnis des Buchs und eine Liste der verwendeten physikalischen Groessen, Konstanten und Abkurzungen zu finden.
About 120 years ago, James Clerk Maxwell introduced his now legendary hypothetical "demon" as a challenge to the integrity of the second law of thermodynamics. Fascination with the demon persisted throughout the development of statistical and quantum physics, information theory, and computer science--and linkages have been established between Maxwell's demon and each of these disciplines. The demon's seductive quality makes it appealing to physical scientists, engineers, computer scientists, biologists, psychologists, and historians and philosophers of science. Until now its important source material has been scattered throughout diverse journals. This book brings under one cover twenty-five reprints, including seminal works by Maxwell and William Thomson; historical reviews by Martin Klein, Edward Daub, and Peter Heimann; information theoretic contributions by Leo Szilard, Leon Brillouin, Dennis Gabor, and Jerome Rothstein; and innovations by Rolf Landauer and Charles Bennett illustrating linkages with the limits of computation. An introductory chapter summarizes the demon's life, from Maxwell's illustration of the second law's statistical nature to the most recent "exorcism" of the demon based on a need periodically to erase its memory. An annotated chronological bibliography is included. Originally published in 1990. The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These paperback editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.
Dieses essential vermittelt eine mathematisch einfache und praxisorientierte Einfuhrung in die Thermodynamik (nicht nur) fur Chemietechniker und ermoeglicht mit nur wenigen Grundlagen einen Einstieg in die Materie. Der Schwerpunkt liegt auf der Vermittlung derjenigen Groessen, welche zum Verstandnis des Ablaufs chemischer Reaktionen relevant sind. Das Buch steht dabei nicht in Konkurrenz zu den ausfuhrlichen Lehrbuchern der Physikalischen Chemie. Vielmehr soll es Chemietechnikern und interessierten Anwendern ermoeglichen, Standardprobleme aus dem Gebiet der chemischen Thermodynamik zu verstehen und zu berechnen. Dabei wird konsequent auf den Einsatz hoeherer Mathematik verzichtet, so dass die Beispiele auch ohne Kenntnis von Differential- und Integralrechnung bearbeitet und auf viele andere Reaktionen ubertragen werden koennen.
Das Buch bietet eine Einfuhrung in die Regelung von Kaltdampfprozessen am Beispiel von Kraftfahrzeugen. Das hergeleitete, generische Regelungskonzept kann auf eine grosse gesamte Klasse von Regelungsproblemen in Kaltemittelkreislaufsystemen angewendet werden. Neben einer ausfuhrlichen Streckenanalyse wird insbesondere Wert auf die Wiederverwendbarkeit und universelle Anwendung der erarbeiteten Regelkreise gelegt.
Additive Fertigungsverfahren besitzen hohes Potential fur die Entwicklung hochleitungsfahiger Bauteile in unterschiedlichsten Anwendungsgebieten. Die hohe Anzahl an geometrischen Freiheitsgraden macht jedoch den Einsatz von Designalgorithmen unumganglich. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird das Generative Design von multiphysikalisch beanspruchten Bauteilen anhand von Kuhlkoerpern unter erzwungener Konvektion vorgestellt. Dies umfasst die systematische Entwicklung des geometrischen und simulativen Modells sowie die Optimierung zur Leistungssteigerung des Bauteils.
Weighted Residual Methods: Principles, Modifications and Applications introduces a range of WRMs, providing examples that show how they can be used to solve complex engineering problems with greater accuracy and computational efficiency. Examples focus on non-linear problems, including the motion of a spherical particle, nanofluid flow and heat transfer, magnetohydrodynamic flow and heat transfer, and micropolar fluid flow and heat transfer. These are important factors in understanding processes, such as filtration, combustion, air and water pollution and micro contamination. In addition to the applications, the reader is provided with full derivations of equations and summaries of important field research.
The Classical Stefan Problem: Basic Concepts, Modelling and Analysis with Quasi-Analytical Solutions and Methods, New Edition, provides fundamental theory, concepts, modelling and analysis of the physical, mathematical, thermodynamical and metallurgical properties of classical Stefan and Stefan-like problems as applied to heat transfer problems involving phase-changes, such as from liquid to solid. This self-contained work reports and derives the results from tensor analysis, differential geometry, non-equilibrium thermodynamics, physics and functional analysis, and is thoroughly enriched with many appropriate references for an in-depth background reading on theorems. This new edition includes more than 400 pages of new material on quasi-analytical solutions and methods of classical Stefan and Stefan-like problems. The book aims to bridge the gap between the theoretical and solution aspects of the afore-mentioned problems.
In these lectures we summarize certain results on models in statistical physics and quantum field theory and especially emphasize the deep relation ship between these subjects. From a physical point of view, we study phase transitions of realistic systems; from a more mathematical point of view, we describe field theoretical models defined on a euclidean space-time lattice, for which the lattice constant serves as a cutoff. The connection between these two approaches is obtained by identifying partition functions for spin models with discretized functional integrals. After an introduction to critical phenomena, we present methods which prove the existence or nonexistence of phase transitions for the Ising and Heisenberg models in various dimensions. As an example of a solvable system we discuss the two-dimensional Ising model. Topological excitations determine sectors of field theoretical models. In order to illustrate this, we first discuss soliton solutions of completely integrable classical models. Afterwards we dis cuss sectors for the external field problem and for the Schwinger model. Then we put gauge models on a lattice, give a survey of some rigorous results and discuss the phase structure of some lattice gauge models. Since great interest has recently been shown in string models, we give a short introduction to both the classical mechanics of strings and the bosonic and fermionic models. The formulation of the continuum limit for lattice systems leads to a discussion of the renormalization group, which we apply to various models."
This book presents a clear and readable description of one of the most mysterious concepts of physics: Entropy. It contains a self-learning kit that guides the reader in understanding the concepts of entropy. In the first part, the reader is asked to play the familiar twenty-Question game. Once the reader feels comfortable with playing this game and acquires proficiency in playing the game effectively (intelligently), he or she will be able to capture the elusive and used-to-be mysterious concept of entropy.There will be no more speculative or arbitrary interpretations, nor "older" or "modern" views of entropy. This book will guide readers in choosing their own interpretation of entropy.
Appropriate for chemical engineering students, Molecular Thermodynamics of Fluid-Phase Equilibria presents a broad introduction to the thermodynamics of phase equilibria in chemical engineering design, especially in separation operations. Are you interested in a book that provides thermodynamic tools for the design and operation of industrial chemical separation process?
The marvellous complexity of the Universe emerges from several deep laws and a handful of fundamental constants that fix its shape, scale, and destiny. There is a deep structure to the world which at the same time is simple, elegant, and beautiful. Where did these laws and these constants come from? And why are the laws so fruitful when written in the language of mathematics? Peter Atkins considers the minimum effort needed to equip the Universe with its laws and its constants. He explores the origin of the conservation of energy, of electromagnetism, of classical and quantum mechanics, and of thermodynamics, showing how all these laws spring from deep symmetries. The revolutionary result is a short but immensely rich weaving together of the fundamental ideas of physics. With his characteristic wit, erudition, and economy, Atkins sketches out how the laws of Nature can spring from very little. Or arguably from nothing at all.
Ein objektiver, dynamischer und physikalisch begrundeter Informationsbegriff wird ausgehend vom Shannonschen Entropiebegriff erarbeitet und auf die Informationstechnik, die kunstliche Intelligenz (Bewusstsein) und die Thermodynamik angewandt. Die Begrundung eines Informationserhaltungssatzes erhalt praktische Bedeutung in der Informationstechnik, insbesondere wenn sie in den Bereich der Quanten (Photonik/Quantencomputing) vordringt. Die unbedingte Dynamik von Information und deren Objektivitat werden kritisch untersucht und sind die Grundlagen der Betrachtungen.
The role of thermodynamics in modern physics is not just to provide an approximate treatment of large thermal systems, but, more importantly, to provide an organising set of ideas. Thermodynamics: A complete undergraduate course presents thermodynamics as a self-contained and elegant set of ideas and methods. It unfolds thermodynamics for undergraduate students of physics, chemistry or engineering, beginning at first year level. The book introduces the necessary mathematical methods, assuming almost no prior knowledge, and explains concepts such as entropy and free energy at length, with many examples. This book aims to convey the style and power of thermodynamic reasoning, along with applications such as Joule-Kelvin expansion, the gas turbine, magnetic cooling, solids at high pressure, chemical equilibrium, radiative heat exchange and global warming, to name a few. It mentions but does not pursue statistical mechanics, in order to keep the logic clear.
Dieses essential gibt einen UEberblick uber die Veranderungen unseres Klimas, ihre Ursachen und ihre Folgen. Der Energiebedarf der Menschheit wird heute weitgehend auf klimaschadliche Weise gedeckt. Die Alternative dazu, die Sonnenenergie, wurde unseren Bedarf tausendfach befriedigen. Aber diese Option wird aus uberwiegend wirtschaftlichen Grunden viel zu wenig genutzt. In diesem essential werden anschliessend die Energiewandler besprochen, mit denen man die Sonnenenergie verfugbar machen kann. Einige andere moderne Energiequellen, wie zum Beispiel die Kernenergie, sind entweder nicht ausreichend, noch utopisch oder auf andere Weise umweltschadlich. Ein Ausblick zeigt, dass unser Energieproblem mit oekonomischer Vernunft durch globale Nutzung der Sonnenenergie leicht zu loesen ware. Das Klima koennte so noch rechtzeitig stabilisiert werden
Mit einer ausgewogenen Stoffauswahl aus den Teilgebieten Chemische Thermodynamik, Reaktionskinetik und Elektrochemie wird der Leser an das Studium der Physikalischen Chemie herangefuhrt. Das Verstandnis der Theorie wird durch zahlreiche Aufgabenstellungen und die Angabe ihrer Loesungswege erleichtert. Das Buch gibt dem Studenten daruber hinaus Anregungen fur ausgewahlte Experimente zu den behandelten Teilgebieten, mit denen sich ein Grundverstandnis physikalisch-chemischer Zusammenhange entwickeln lasst.
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