The new edition of this highly regarded textbook provides a detailed overview of the most important characterization techniques for solar cells and a discussion of their advantages and disadvantages. It describes in detail all aspects of solar cell function, the physics behind every single step, as well as all the issues to be considered when improving solar cells and their efficiency. The text is now complete with examples of how the appropriate characterization techniques enable the distinction between several potential limitation factors, describing how quantities that have been introduced theoretically in earlier chapters become experimentally accessible. With exercises after each chapter to reinforce the newly acquired knowledge and requiring no more than standard physics knowledge, this book enables students and professionals to understand the factors driving conversion efficiency and to apply this to their own solar cell development.

The present volume in the New Series of Landolt-Bornstein provides critically evaluated data on phase diagrams, crystallographic and thermodynamic data of ternary alloy systems. Reliable phase diagrams provide materials scientists and engineers with basic information important for fundamental research, development and optimization of materials. The often conflicting literature data have been critically evaluated by Materials Science International Team, MSIT(r), a team working together since many years, and with expertise in a broad range of methods, materials and applications. All evaluation reports published here have undergone a thorough review process in which the reviewers had access to all the original data. The data for each ternary system are provided in a standard format which includes text, tables and diagrams. The topics presented are literature data, binary systems, solid phases, pseudobinary systems, invariant equilibria, liquidus, solidus, and solvus surfaces, isothermal sections, temperature-composition sections, thermodynamics, materials properties and applications, and miscellanea. Finally, a detailed bibliography of all cited references is provided. In the present volume IV/11C selected non-ferrous-metal systems are considered, especially selected nuclear materials and engineering systems in this Part

The present volume in the New Series of Landolt-B rnstein provides critically evaluated data on phase diagrams, crystallographic and thermodynamic data of ternary alloy systems. The often conflicting literature data have been critically evaluated by Materials Science International Team, MSIT, a team working together for many years, and with expertise in a broad range of methods, materials and applications.

The present volume in the New Series of Landolt-B rnstein provides critically evaluated data on phase diagrams, crystallographic and thermodynamic data of ternary alloy systems. The often conflicting literature data have been critically evaluated by Materials Science International Team, MSIT, a team working together for many years, and with expertise in a broad range of methods, materials and applications.

This book presents new and updated developments in the molecular theory of mixtures and solutions. It is based on the theory of Kirkwood and Buff which was published more than fifty years ago. This theory has been dormant for almost two decades. It has recently become a very powerful and general tool to analyze, study and understand any type of mixtures from the molecular, or the microscopic point of view. The traditional approach to mixture has been, for many years, based on the study of excess thermodynamic quantities. This provides a kind of global information on the system. The new approach provides information on the local properties of the same system. Thus, the new approach supplements and enriches our information on mixtures and solutions.

The present volume in the New Series of Landolt-B rnstein provides critically evaluated data on phase diagrams, and crystallographic and thermodynamic data of ternary alloy systems. The data for each ternary system are provided in a standard format with text, tables and diagrams. The volume is a standard reference book with selected and easily retrievable data from the fields of physics and chemistry collected by acknowledged international scientists.

Modern Thermodynamics: From Heat Engines to Dissipative Structures, Second Edition presents a comprehensive introduction to 20th century thermodynamics that can be applied to both equilibrium and non-equilibrium systems, unifying what was traditionally divided into thermodynamics and kinetics into one theory of irreversible processes. This comprehensive text, suitable for introductory as well as advanced courses on thermodynamics, has been widely used by chemists, physicists, engineers and geologists. Fully revised and expanded, this new edition includes the following updates and features: * Includes a completely new chapter on Principles of Statistical Thermodynamics. * Presents new material on solar and wind energy flows and energy flows of interest to engineering. * Covers new material on self-organization in non-equilibrium systems and the thermodynamics of small systems. * Highlights a wide range of applications relevant to students across physical sciences and engineering courses. * Introduces students to computational methods using updated Mathematica codes. * Includes problem sets to help the reader understand and apply the principles introduced throughout the text. * Solutions to exercises and supplementary lecture material provided online at http://sites.google.com/site/modernthermodynamics/. Modern Thermodynamics: From Heat Engines to Dissipative Structures, Second Edition is an essential resource for undergraduate and graduate students taking a course in thermodynamics.

Das Fachbuch Verbrennung vermittelt einen UEberblick uber die Grundlagen von Verbrennungsprozessen und tragt zu einem Verstandnis ihrer Auswirkungen auf praktische Anwendungen bei. In den ersten Kapiteln finden sich die physikalisch-chemischen Grundlagen. Anhand verschiedener laminarer Flammentypen werden die Wechselwirkungen zwischen chemischer Reaktionskinetik, molekularen Transportprozessen und Stroemung beschrieben. Bei der Behandlung turbulenter Verbrennungsprozesse werden aktuelle Verfahren zur Beschreibung der Kopplung zwischen chemischer Reaktion und turbulentem Stroemungsfeld verwendet. Anwendungen sind das Motorklopfen und die Schadstoffbildung. Die dritte Auflage wurde im Hinblick auf die aktuelle Forschung erweitert und aktualisiert.

A great variety of complex phenomena in many scientific fields exhibit power-law behaviour, reflecting a hierarchical or fractal structure. Many of these phenomena seem to be susceptible to description using approaches drawn from thermodynamics or statistical mechanics, particularly approaches involving the maximization of entropy. During recent years a good deal of study has been devoted to a nonextensive generalizations of entropy and of Boltzmann-Gibbs statistical mechanics and standard laws in a natural way. The book addresses the interdisciplinary applications of these ideas, and also on various phenomena that could possibly be quantitatively describable in terms of these ideas.

Fundamentals of Classical and Statistical Thermodynamics provides a comprehensive introduction to this pivotal subject. Starting from basics, the book begins with a thorough introduction to the field, providing concise definitions and an overview of thermodynamics and its applications.

The book discusses the fundamentals of classical equilibrium thermodynamics, thermal physics, kinetic theory and statistical mechanics. This comprehensive coverage enables the reader to understand not only the interrelationships between these subjects but also encourages an ability to interpret the thermodynamic quantities and laws in terms of statistical mechanics. Beginning with a detailed discussion of the four laws of thermodynamics the text introduces more advanced topics in later chapters, such as applications of the first and second laws, free energy and chemical equilibria, and equilibrium statististical mechanics and applications.

Uniquely, this text includes a large number of worked examples throughout, with a range of problems at the end of each chapter and their solutions all at the end of the book. The most fundamental concepts of the subject are emphasised throughout and new derivations of many of the standard formulae have been developed to avoid excessive mathematical rigour.

Fundamentals of Classical and Statistical Thermodynamics:

• Provides a comprehensive introduction to the field, covering both classical and statistical thermodynamics.
• Includes numerous worked examples and end of chapter problems with answers provided at the back of the book.
• Covers the essentials of the subject combined with cutting-edge material such as non-linear chemical physics, critical phenomena and transport theory.
• Ensures the necessary mathematics are limited to simple derivatives and integrals.

This is a comprehensive guide to the often confusing subject of thermodynamics, for engineers, physicists, and chemists. The succinct entries are arranged alphabetically, allowing the reader to browse through the subject and to pursue a particular point, skipping or ignoring extraneous points. After twenty years of teaching thermodynamics, Professor Perrot knows exactly which areas students find difficult and has taken particular trouble with these points. The entries explain the words and phrases that crop up in thermodynamics without recourse to pages of mathematics and algebra: the main aim being to explain and clarify the jargon and concepts. Professor Perrot achieves this aim while maintaining a refreshing lightness of prose style, in which spirit he also includes some asides on interesting people and events in the history of thermodynamics.

Die moderne Datenverarbeitung verlangt nach immer grosseren Speichermedien und schnelleren Ubertragungsraten. Optische Systeme, wie sie zum Beispiel die CD-Technologie oder die Glasfaser darstellen, bieten in vielen Fallen die leistungsfahigeren und billigeren Losungen. Das vorliegende Buch bietet einen Einstieg in die spannende Technologie der Photonik."

This suberb text is designed to introduce the fundamentals of the subject of statistical mechanics at a level suitable for students who meet the subject for the first time. The treatment given is designed to give the student a feeling for the topic of statistical mechanics without being held back by the need to understand complex mathematics. The text is concise and concentrates on the understanding of fundamental aspects. Numerous questions with worked solutions are given throughout

On its original publication in 1973, this book was the first reference for engineers to fully present the science of boiling and condensation. It dealt especially with the problems of estimating heat transfer rates and pressure drops, with particular attention to the occurrence of boiling and condensation in the presence of forced flows within pipes. The new third edition was written primarily for design and development engineers in the chemical process, power generation, and refrigeration industries, and is meant to be an aid in the design of heat exchangers. It covers recent advances and significantly broadens coverage to flows over tube bundles, with extensive new treatment of two-phase heat transfer regarding refrigerants and petrochemicals. Many new problems have been added at the end of each chapter to enhance the book's use as a text in advanced courses on two-phase flow and heat transfer. Instructors using the book as a course text may obtain full solutions to the end-of-chapter problems by writing to: Science Marketing Dept., Oxford University Press, 198 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10016 (please include school name and course identification), or by faxing (212) 726-6442.

It is well known that thermodynamics presents students with particular difficulties. They find the concepts evasive and the methods obscure. These problems arise because it is traditional to emphasize at the outset how general thermodynamics is. Unfortunately, when ideas are introduced in an unspecific context they fail to make contact with the student's experience - such ideas do not become part of the physical intuition of the student.
In this introductory text the subject is developed in stages beginning with the basic notions, which are illustrated using an ideal gas as a model system. The generalization of these concepts is achieved first using the classical laws of thermodynamics and second using the formalism of Gibbs to provide a systematic introduction to the thermodynamic potentials. Work processes on polarizable media subject to electric and magnetic fields are discussed and transformations of matter, including phase change processes and chemical reactions, are treated in detail. The book contains many worked examples, and approximately 250 questions, which are keyed to the text. The questions include traditional and applied topics, and longer questions have been programmed to guide the student.

Thermodynamics Seventh Edition covers the basic principles of thermodynamics while presenting a wealth of real-world engineering examples so students get a feel for how thermodynamics is applied in engineering practice. This text helps students develop an intuitive understanding of thermodynamics by emphasizing the physics and physical arguments. Cengel/Boles explore the various facets of thermodynamics through careful explanations of concepts and its use of numerous practical examples and figures, having students develop necessary skills to bridge the gap between knowledge and the confidence to properly apply knowledge.

The media package for this text is extensive, giving users a large variety of supplemental resources to choose from. A Student Resources DVD is packaged with each new copy of the text and contains the popular Engineering Equation Solver (EES) software. McGraw-Hill's new Connect is available to students and instructors. Connect is a powerful, web-based assignment management system that makes creating and grading assignments easy for instructors and learning convenient for students. It saves time and makes learning for students accessible anytime, anywhere. With Connect, instructors can easily manage assignments, grading, progress, and students receive instant feedback from assignments and practice problems.

This is one of the few books on the subject of mathematical materials science. It discusses the dynamics of two-phase systems within the framework of modern continuum thermodynamics, stressing fundamentals. Two general theories are discussed: a mechanical theory that leads to a generalization of the classical curve-shortening equation and a theory of heat conduction that broadly generalizes the classical Stefan theory. This original survey includes simple solutions that demonstrate the instabilities inherent in two-phase problems. The free-boundary problems that form the basis of the subject should be of great interest to mathematicians and physical scientists.

In this classic of modern science, the Nobel Laureate presents a clear treatment of systems, the First and Second Laws of Thermodynamics, entropy, thermodynamic potentials, and much more. Calculus required.