Computational fluid flow is not an easy subject. Not only is the mathematical representation of physico-chemical hydrodynamics complex, but the accurate numerical solution of the resulting equations has challenged many numerate scientists and engineers over the past two decades. The modelling of physical phenomena and testing of new numerical schemes has been aided in the last 10 years or so by a number of basic fluid flow programs (MAC, TEACH, 2-E-FIX, GENMIX, etc). However, in 1981 a program (perhaps more precisely, a software product) called PHOENICS was released that was then (and still remains) arguably, the most powerful computational tool in the whole area of endeavour surrounding fluid dynamics. The aim of PHOENICS is to provide a framework for the modelling of complex processes involving fluid flow, heat transfer and chemical reactions. PHOENICS has now been is use for four years by a wide range of users across the world. It was thus perceived as useful to provide a forum for PHOENICS users to share their experiences in trying to address a wide range of problems. So it was that the First International PHOENICS Users Conference was conceived and planned for September 1985. The location, at the Dartford Campus of Thames Polytechnic, in the event, proved to be an ideal site, encouraging substantial interaction between the participants.

In the seven years since this volume first appeared. there has been an enormous expansion of the range of problems to which Monte Carlo computer simulation methods have been applied. This fact has already led to the addition of a companion volume ("Applications of the Monte Carlo Method in Statistical Physics", Topics in Current Physics. Vol . 36), edited in 1984, to this book. But the field continues to develop further; rapid progress is being made with respect to the implementation of Monte Carlo algorithms, the construction of special-purpose computers dedicated to exe cute Monte Carlo programs, and new methods to analyze the "data" generated by these programs. Brief descriptions of these and other developments, together with numerous addi tional references, are included in a new chapter , "Recent Trends in Monte Carlo Simulations" , which has been written for this second edition. Typographical correc tions have been made and fuller references given where appropriate, but otherwise the layout and contents of the other chapters are left unchanged. Thus this book, together with its companion volume mentioned above, gives a fairly complete and up to-date review of the field. It is hoped that the reduced price of this paperback edition will make it accessible to a wide range of scientists and students in the fields to which it is relevant: theoretical phYSics and physical chemistry , con densed-matter physics and materials science, computational physics and applied mathematics, etc.

Groundwater has long been one of the world's most important resources. It accounts for approximately 96% of all fresh water in the United States and supplies more than 50% of the population with potable water. Historically, this water source has generally been regarded as pristine. However, in recent years, contamination of ground water by industrial products has become a problem of growing concern. During the past four decades, the variety and quantity of organic chemicals produced in the U. S. has steadily increased. Currently, more than 40,000 different organic compounds are being manufactured, trans ported, used and eventually disposed of in the environment (Wilson, et !l (1981". Production and consumption of petroleum products has also risen in this same time period. Many of these industrial compounds are highly toxic and slightly water soluble. Thus, they pose a poten tial threat to large volumes of groundwater if they are somehow intro duced into the subsurface. Increased production of chemicals implies the increased risk of accidental spills or leakage to the soil, and indeed, the literature abounds with contamination case histories. 2 Incidences of petroleum contamination of groundwater have been documented by many authors. For example, see: Schwi11e (1967); Toms (1971); Guenther (1972); McKee, et!l (1912); Williams and Wilder (1971); Van100cke, et ~]-

Written to introduce readers to molecular descriptions of thermodynamics, chemical systems, and biomolecules, Statistical Thermodynamics discusses the aspects of statistical thermodynamics of most use and interest to chemistry students. Topics include: probability; energy and interactions; statistical mechanics; harmonic oscillators; ideal gas; imperfect gas; heat capacities of gas; rubber elasticity; conformation of polymers; surface adsorption; law of mass action; Ising model; and more. Rich with illustrations and tables to illuminate rather difficult concepts, the text equips students with the ability to apply the method to their own systems.

The equations which we are going to study in these notes were first presented in 1963 by E. N. Lorenz. They define a three-dimensional system of ordinary differential equations that depends on three real positive parameters. As we vary the parameters, we change the behaviour of the flow determined by the equations. For some parameter values, numerically computed solutions of the equations oscillate, apparently forever, in the pseudo-random way we now call "chaotic"; this is the main reason for the immense amount of interest generated by the equations in the eighteen years since Lorenz first presented them. In addition, there are some parameter values for which we see "preturbulence," a phenomenon in which trajectories oscillate chaotically for long periods of time before finally settling down to stable stationary or stable periodic behaviour, others in which we see "intermittent chaos," where trajectories alternate be tween chaotic and apparently stable periodic behaviours, and yet others in which we see "noisy periodicity," where trajectories appear chaotic though they stay very close to a non-stable periodic orbit. Though the Lorenz equations were not much studied in the years be tween 1963 and 1975, the number of man, woman, and computer hours spent on them in recent years - since they came to the general attention of mathematicians and other researchers - must be truly immense."

This book provides an accessible yet thorough introduction to thermodynamics, crafted and class-tested over many years of teaching. Suitable for advanced undergraduate and graduate students, this book delivers clear descriptions of how to think about the mathematics and physics involved. The content has been carefully developed in consultation with a large number of instructors, teaching courses worldwide, to ensure wide applicability to modules on thermodynamics. Modern applications of thermodynamics (in physics and related areas) are included throughout-something not offered to the same degree by existing texts in the field. Features: A sophisticated approach to the subject that is suitable for advanced undergraduate students and above Modern applications of thermodynamics included throughout To be followed by volumes on statistical mechanics, which can be used in conjunction with this book on courses which cover both thermodynamics and statistical mechanics

The first edition of this book was greeted with broad interest from readers en gaged in various disciplines of biophysics. I received many stimulating and en couraging responses, however, some of the book's reviewers wanted to stress the fact that an extensive literature of network theory was not included or reported in the book. But the main aspect of the book is intended to be substantive rather than methodical: networks simply serve as a remedy for doing some first steps in analysing and modelling complex biological systems. For an advanced stage in the investigation of a particular system it may be appropriate to replace the pheno menological network method by more detailed techniques like statistical equations or computer simulations. According to this intention, the second edition of the book has been enlarged by further biological examples for network analysis, not by more network theory. There is a completely new section on a network model for photoreception. For this section I am obliged to J. Tiedge who did most of the detailed calculation and to my colleague Professor Stieve with whom we have had a very fruitful cooperation. Also I would like to mention that this work has been sponsored by the "Deutsche Forschungsgemei nschaft" i n the "Sonderforschungsberei ch 160." Recent results for excitable systems represented by feedback networks have also been included in the second edition, especially for limit cycle networks."

Provides unified coverage of computational heat transfer and fluid dynamics. Covers basic concepts and then applies computational methods for problem analysis and solution. Contains new chapters on mesh generation and computer modeling of turbulent flow. Includes ANSYS, STAR CCM+, and COMSOL CFD code and tutorials in the appendix. Includes a Solutions Manual for instructor use.

Thermodynamics Problem Solving in Physical Chemistry: Study Guide and Map is an innovative and unique workbook that guides physical chemistry students through the decision-making process to assess a problem situation, create appropriate solutions, and gain confidence through practice solving physical chemistry problems. The workbook includes six major sections with 20 - 30 solved problems in each section that span from easy, single objective questions to difficult, multistep analysis problems. Each section of the workbook contains key points that highlight major features of the topic to remind students of what they need to apply to solve problems in the topic area. Key Features: Provides instructor access to a visual map depicting how all equations used in thermodynamics are connected and how they are derived from the three major energy laws. Acts as a guide in deriving the correct solution to a problem. Illustrates the questions students should ask themselves about the critical features of the concepts to solve problems in physical chemistry Can be used as a stand-alone product for review of Thermodynamics questions for major tests.

Die Neuauflage halt am bewahrten und anerkannten Konzept der Vorauflage fest: ein Grundlagenwerk zum Einsatz in der universitaren Lehre, aber vor allem ein Nachschlagewerk fur den Beruf zum tieferen Verstandnis der verfahrenstechnischen Zusammenhange. Gegenuber der Vorauflage wurde das Werk allerdings erheblich erweitert sowie durch aktuelle Forschungsergebnisse und ein Kapitel zur konzeptuellen Prozessentwicklung erganzt.

Die Grundverfahren werden auf der Basis der Thermodynamik, der Warme- und Stoffubertragung und der Fluiddynamik ubergreifend dargestellt. Damit erhalt der Praktiker erste Informationen uber die Auswahl, die Auslegung und den Betrieb von Apparaten. Nach einer komprimierten Darstellung wichtiger Grundlagen werden u.a. das Destillieren, die Rektifikation, die Absorption, die Kristallisation und die Adsorption behandelt. Es wird aufgezeigt, wie sich grundlagenorientierte Berechnungsansatze fur fluiddynamische und kinetische Vorgange in bekannten und neuen Apparaten finden lassen."

This book highlights a comprehensive and detailed introduction to the fundamental principles related to nuclear engineering. As one of the most popular choices of future energy, nuclear energy is of increasing demand globally. Due to the complexity of nuclear engineering, its research and development as well as safe operation of its facility requires a wide scope of knowledge, ranging from basic disciplines such as mathematics, physics, chemistry, and thermodynamics to applied subjects such as reactor theory and radiation protection. The book covers all necessary knowledge in an illustrative and readable style, with a sufficient amount of examples and exercises. It is an easy-to-read textbook for graduate students in nuclear engineering and a valuable handbook for nuclear facility operators, maintenance personnel and technical staff.

Because classical thermodynamics evolved into many branches of science and engineering, most undergraduate courses on the subject are taught from the perspective of each area of specialization. General Thermodynamics combines elements from mechanical and chemical engineering, chemistry (including electrochemistry), materials science, and biology to present a unique and thorough treatment of thermodynamics that is broader in scope than other fundamental texts.

This book contains classroom-tested materials designed to meet the academic requirements for students from a variety of scientific and engineering backgrounds in a single course. The first half focuses on classical concepts of thermodynamics, whereas the latter half explores field-specific applications, including a unique chapter on biothermodynamics.

The book's methodology is unified, concise, and multidisciplinary, allowing students to understand how the principles of thermodynamics apply to all technical fields that touch upon this most fundamental of scientific theories. It also offers a rigorous approach to the quantitative aspects of thermodynamics, accompanied by clear explanations to help students transition smoothly from the physical concepts to their mathematical representations.

Each chapter contains numerous worked examples taken from different engineering applications, illustrations, and an extensive set of exercises to support the material. A complete solutions manual is available to professors with qualifying course adoptions.