Super Light Water Reactors and Super Fast Reactors provides an overview of the design and analysis of nuclear power reactors. Readers will gain the understanding of the conceptual design elements and specific analysis methods of supercritical-pressure light water cooled reactors. Nuclear fuel, reactor core, plant control, plant stand-up and stability are among the topics discussed, in addition to safety system and safety analysis parameters.

Providing the fundamentals of reactor design criteria and analysis, this volume is a useful reference to engineers, industry professionals, and graduate students involved with nuclear engineering and energy technology.

Into the short compass of this book, Professor Graetz has succeeded in compressing an eminently readable survey of the directions in which the atomic theory, as accepted in the nineteenth century, has been extended by the remarkable and almost revolutionary physical investigations and discoveries of the two decades preceding the book's original publication in 1923.

Summarising the most novel facts and theories which were coming into prominence at the time, particularly those which had not yet been incorporated into standard textbooks, this important work was first published in 1921. The subjects treated cover a wide range of research that was being conducted into the atom, and include Quantum Theory, the Bohr Theory, the Sommerfield extension of Bohr's work, the Octet Theory and Isotopes, as well as Ionisation Potentials and Solar Phenomena. Because much of the material of Atomic Theories lies on the boundary between experimentally verified fact and speculative theory, it indicates in a unique way how the future of physics was perceived at the time of writing. It thus throws into stark relief not only the immense advances made since the 1920s, but also, perhaps, highlights the importance of not rigidly adhering to a particular program of future discoveries.

This book describes the theory of how processes on the unobservable molecular scale give rise to observable effects such as diffusion and electrical noise on the macroscopic or laboratory scale. It puts the modern theory into historical context, and features new applications, statistical mechanics derivations, and the mathematical background of the topic.

The aim of this book is to present review articles describing the latest theoretical and experimental developments in the field of cold atoms and molecules. Our hope is that this series will promote research by both highlighting recent breakthroughs and by outlining some of the most promising research directions in the field.

The Oskar Klein Memorial Lecture series has become a very successful tradition in Swedish physics since it started in 1988. Theoretical high-energy physics dominates the subjects of the lectures, mirroring one of Klein's own main interests.This single volume is a compilation of the unique lectures previously produced in three separate volumes. The lectures are by world renowned experts in physics who have all contributed to the excitement of the field over the years. They continue to be of value to students and teachers alike.

This book provides a broad and complete introductions to the molecular structure, novel and anomalous properties, nonlinear excitations, soliton motions, magnetization, and biological effects of water. These subjects are described by both experimental results and theoretical analyses. These contents are very interesting and helpful to elucidate and explain the problem of "what is on earth water". This book contains the research results of the author and plenty of scientists in recent decades."Water: Molecular Structure and Properties" is self-contained and unified in presentation. It may be used as an advanced textbook by graduate students and even ambitious undergraduates in Physics and Biology. It is also suitable for the researchers and engineers in Physics, Biology and water science.

This book focuses on the latest reactor concepts, single pass core and experimental findings in thermal hydraulics, materials, corrosion, and water chemistry. It highlights research on supercritical-pressure light water cooled reactors (SCWRs), one of the Generation IV reactors that are studied around the world. This book includes cladding material development and experimental findings on heat transfer, corrosion and water chemistry.

The work presented here will help readers to understand the fundamental elements of reactor design and analysis methods, thermal hydraulics, materials and water chemistry of supercritical water used as a coolant in nuclear power reactors. It will also help readers to broaden their understanding of fundamental elements of light water cooled reactor technologies and the evolution of reactor concepts.

There is much recent interest in the field of molecular gels because of their potential use in many different applications, including biomedicine and electronic materials. Functional Molecular Gels details the latest research on molecular gels from the fundamentals of molecular gel formation to their uses in a variety of fields. This book introduces the key concepts of designing molecular gels and their characterisation techniques, followed by chapters discussing different stimuli-responsive systems. Specific chapters are then dedicated to their diverse range of applications, including catalysis, tissue engineering, photonic materials and as templates for nanostructured materials. Written by active researchers in the area, this book gives a taste of the possibilities that molecular gels offer for those both new to and already working in the area.

The aim of the workshop was to bring together specialists in various fields where non-exponential relaxation is observed in order to compare models and experimental results and to examine the general physical principles governing this type of behaviour. Non-exponential relaxation is found in extremely diverse physical systems all of which can be classified as complex. The form of the relaxation is generally parametrized using logarithmic, algebraic or stretched exponential decay forms. The conceptually simplest mechanism for the non-exponential decay is a spectrum of relaxation rates due to non-interacting units each of which relaxes with a different intrinsic time constant. Clear experimental examples can be given where for instance the relaxation of a collection of isolated polymer molecules leads to an overall stretched exponential decay. Non-exponential relaxation is observed in all strongly interacting complex systems (structural glasses, spin glasses, etc ... ) where each elementary unit is in interaction with many other units.

Although the current world order is still dominated by the US, there is increasing international concern over the possibility of regional security dilemmas arising from smaller powers' attempts to develop Weapons of Mass Destruction. A study of US-North Korean interaction using the security dilemma as a conceptual frame of analysis is thus not only hugely topical, but also particularly relevant for the 21st century on theoretical as well as empirical grounds. Is there the prospect of a security dilemma contagion if North Korea acquire nuclear weapons capability leading to an Asia Pacific wide nuclear arms race? This book examines this contentious issue in-depth and explores the difficult choices policymakers face as a result of the uncertainty in international politics.

The physics of open quantum systems plays a major role in modern experiments and theoretical developments of quantum mechanics. Written for graduate students and readers with research interests in open systems, this book provides an introduction into the main ideas and concepts, in addition to developing analytical methods and computer simulation techniques.

This book presents the basics and advanced topics of research of gamma ray physics. It describes measuring of Fermi surfaces with gamma resonance spectroscopy and the theory of angular distributions of resonantly scattered gamma rays. The dependence of excited-nuclei average lifetime on the shape of the exciting-radiation spectrum and electron binding energies in the spectra of scattered gamma rays is described. Resonant excitation by gamma rays of nuclear isomeric states with long lifetime leads to the emission and absorption lines. In the book, a new gamma spectroscopic method, gravitational gamma spectrometry, is developed. It has a resolution hundred million times higher than the usual Moessbauer spectrometer. Another important topic of this book is resonant scattering of annihilation quanta by nuclei with excited states in connection with positron annihilation. The application of the methods described is to explain the phenomenon of Coulomb fragmentation of gamma-source molecules and resonant scattering of annihilation quanta to study the shape of Fermi surfaces of metals.

Scalar Fields in Particle Physics and Cosmology; S. Rudaz. The Quark Mixing Matrix and CP Violation; C. Jarlskog. Pinning Down the Standard Model; F. Dydak. Issues in B Physics; M.V. Danilov. The Search for the Top Quark at the Tevatron; P.L. Tipton. Detection of Dark Matter and Solar Neutrinos; M. Spiro. Recent Developments in Tracking Detectors; D.H. Saxon. Experimental Challenges at Future Hadron Colliders; J. Siegrist. Technical Challenges of the LHC/SSC Colliders; D.A. Edwards. Index.

The aim of this book is to present review articles describing the latest theoretical and experimental developments in the field of cold atoms and molecules. Our hope is that this series will promote research by both highlighting recent breakthroughs and by outlining some of the most promising research directions in the field.

Opening Lecture.- The Problem of Mass: From Galilei to Higgs.- Quantum Chromo Dynamics.- QCD Phenomenology: Jet Rates and Truncated Parton Cascades for Massive Hadron Production.- Theoretical Lectures from 10 to 200 TeV.- The Standard Model and Beyond.- Do Weak Interactions become Strong at High Energy?.- Geometry and Quantum Symmetries of Superstring Vacua.- A Duality Between Strings and Fivebranes.- Review Lectures.- Theoretical Implications of Precision Electroweak Data.- Novel Neutrino Physics.- A Solution to the Time Varying Solar Neutrino Problem.- Searching for the Higgs Boson at a Photon-Photon Collider.- Experimental Physics at the Highest Energy (in this Century!).- The Future of High Energy Physics.- The SSC Project and Experimental Program.- Maximizing the Luminosity of Eloisatron, a Hadron Supercollider at 100 TeV per Beam.- New Detectors for Supercolliders: LAA.- Closing Ceremony.- Prizes and Scholarships, etc.- Participants.

The principal goal of this book is to provide state-of-the-art coverage of the non-relativistic three- and four-body theories at intermediate and high energy ion-atom and ion-molecule collisions. The focus is on the most frequently studied processes: electron capture, ionization, transfer excitation and transfer ionization. The content is suitable both for graduate students and experienced researchers. For these collisions, the literature has seen enormous renewal of activity in the development and applications of quantum-mechanical theories. This subject is of relevance in several branches of science and technology, like accelerator-based physics, the search for new sources of energy and high temperature fusion of light ions. Other important applications are in life sciences via medicine, where high-energy ion beams are used in radiotherapy for which a number of storage ring accelerators are in full operation, under construction or planned to be built worldwide. Therefore, it is necessary to review this field for its most recent advances with an emphasis on the prospects for multidisciplinary applications.

Introduction; E. Beltrametti, J.M. LevyLeblond. General Reviews: Experiments with Single Atoms in Cavities and Traps; H. Walther. Experiments with Single Atoms, Molecules, or Photons; S. Haroche. Quantum Effects with Ultracold Atoms; Y. Castin, et al. Transfer of Single Electrons and Single Cooper Pairs in Metallic Nanostructures; M.H. Devoret, et al. Interferometry with Particles of Nonzero Rest Mass: Topological Experiments; G.L. Opat. Achievements in Neutron Interferometry; H. Rauch. Electron Interferometry and Holography; A. Tonomura. Quantum Phenomena and Their Applications in Semiconductor Microstructures; F. Capasso. Specific Topics: Quantum Fluctuations and Superconductivity; R. Fazio, A. Tagliacozzo. Spontaneous Localization and Superconductivity; A. Rimini. Photon-Photon Correlations from Single Atoms; M.O. Scully. Einstein Causality in Interatom Microcavity-confined Transverse Quantum Correlations; F. De Martini, M. Giangrasso. Three Comments on the Aharonov-Bohm Effect; M. Berry. Protective Measurements; Y. Aharonov, L. Vaidman. Weak Measurements; L. Vaidman. 8 additional articles. Index.

This is the first volume of textbooks on atomic, molecular and optical physics, aiming at a comprehensive presentation of this highly productive branch of modern physics as an indispensable basis for many areas in physics and chemistry as well as in state of the art bio- and material-sciences. It primarily addresses advanced students (including PhD students), but in a number of selected subject areas the reader is lead up to the frontiers of present research. Thus even the active scientist is addressed. This volume 1 provides the canonical knowledge in atomic physics together with basics of modern spectroscopy. Starting from the fundamentals of quantum physics, the reader is familiarized in well structured chapters step by step with the most important phenomena, models and measuring techniques. The emphasis is always on the experiment and its interpretation, while the necessary theory is introduced from this perspective in a compact and occasionally somewhat heuristic manner, easy to follow even for beginners.

This book looks at global atmospheric processes from a physical standpoint using available current and past observational data taken from measurements of relevant atmospheric parameters. It describes various aspects of the current atmospheric state and its future evolution, focusing primarily on the energetic balance of the Earth and atmosphere, and taking into consideration the multi-faceted global equilibrium between these two systems, carbon, and water. The analysis presented in this book restricts itself to those objects and processes that allow us to obtain reliable conclusions and numerical estimations, in contrast to current climate models with much larger numbers of parameters for describing the same problems. As a result, in spite of the roughness of numerical parameters, the book unveils a reliable and transparent physical picture of energetic phenomena in the global atmosphere. In particular, it shows that approximately only one-fourth of atmospheric water returns from the atmosphere to the Earth in the form of free molecules. It was shown that the contemporary warming of our planet has an anthropogenic character, and that the average global temperature increases due to an increase of the concentration of atmospheric CO2 molecules, via an increase in atmospheric moisture, as well as an increase in the amount of aerosols in the atmosphere. Accumulation of atmospheric carbon dioxide plays a subsidiary role in this process and gives approximately one-third in a change of the global temperature, while an increase in the amount of atmospheric water by as little as only 0.3% per year explains the observed warming of the Earth. The book shows how the greenhouse instability of the atmosphere evidently has its origins in the Eocene epoch, presenting an analysis of the influence of various types of global energetic processes on the climate that differs from the official stance on these problems.

Volume 3 of the 5-volume Quantum Nanochemistry presents the chemical reactivity throughout the molecular structure in general and chemical bonding in particular by introducing the bondons as the quantum bosonic particles of the chemical field, localization, from Huckel to Density Functional expositions, especially in relation to how chemical principles of electronegativity and chemical hardness decide the global chemical reactivity and interaction. The volume presents the fundamental and advanced concepts, principles, and models as well as their first and novel combinations and applications in quantum (physical) chemical theory of bonding, molecular reactivity, and aromaticity.

Quantum physics has turned our commonsense notion of reality on its head. This accessible book describes in layperson's terms the strange phenomena that exist at the quantum level--a world of tiny dimensions where nothing is absolutely predictable, where we rethink causality, and information seemingly travels faster than light. The author, a veteran physicist, uses illuminating analogies and jargon-free language to illustrate the basic principles of the subatomic world and show how they explain everything from the chemistry around us to the formation of galaxies. He also explains how scientists and engineers interact with this nebulous reality and, despite its mysteries, achieve results of great precision.Up front is a brief history of the early 20th-century "quantum revolution," focusing on some of the brilliant individuals whose contributions changed our view of the world--Albert Einstein, Niels Bohr, Paul Dirac, Werner Heisenberg, Erwin Schroedinger, and others. The work concludes with a discussion of the many amazing inventions that have resulted from quantum theory, including lasers, semiconductors, and the myriad of electronic devices that use them.Lucidly written, this book conveys the excitement of discovery while expanding the reader's appreciation for a science that explores the basis of everything we know.

This book provides a classical physics-based explanation of quantum physics, including a full description of photon creation and annihilation, and successful working models of both photons and electrons. Classical field theory, known to fully describe macroscopic scale events, is shown to fully describe atomic scale events, including photon emission and annihilation. As such the book provides a 'top-down' unification of electromagnetic and quantum theories.