This volume presents the latest advancements and future perspectives of atomic, molecular and optical (AMO) physics and its vital role in modern sciences and technologies. The chapters are devoted to a wide range of quantum systems, with an emphasis on the understanding of ionization, high-harmonic generation, molecular orbital imaging and coherent control phenomena originating from light-matter interactions. The book overviews current research landscape and highlight major scientific trends in AMO physics interfacing with interdisciplinary sciences. It may be particularly interesting for young researchers working on establishing their scientific interests and goals.

Following the path by which humanity learned quantum mechanics can lead to an improved teaching and understanding of the fundamental theory and the origins of its perceived limitations. The purpose of this textbook is to retrace the development of quantum mechanics by investigating primary sources (including original published papers and letters) with attention to their timing and influence. Placing the development of quantum mechanics in its historical context, from the nascent philosophical notions of matter, atoms, and void in Ancient Greece, to their scientific realization in the 19th and 20th centuries, the book culminates with an examination of the current state of the field and an introduction to quantum information and computing.

The second edition of this highly successful, original text discusses the production and characterization of X-rays. The book focuses on the fundamentals of X-ray physical properties from an experimental viewpoint. SI units are used throughout and the material has been updated thoroughly to reflect the changes in the use of X-rays and recent developments in the field. The text begins with a survey of work conducted before 1945. Continuous and characteristic spectra are discussed, followed by a description of techniques used in their study. Further studies of production, absorption and scattering in atomic and nuclear processes are described, including a completely new chapter on X-ray production by protons, alpha-particles and ions.

The book discusses the basic of atmospheric dynamics where the curved surface of the earth and its rotation around its own axis plays very important roles. The emphasis is on basic physical concepts and the interpretation of equations and the different terms therein. Note: T&F does not sell or distribute the hardback in India, Pakistan, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka.

Opening Lecture.- The Problem of Mass: From Galilei to Higgs.- Quantum Chromo Dynamics.- QCD Phenomenology: Jet Rates and Truncated Parton Cascades for Massive Hadron Production.- Theoretical Lectures from 10 to 200 TeV.- The Standard Model and Beyond.- Do Weak Interactions become Strong at High Energy?.- Geometry and Quantum Symmetries of Superstring Vacua.- A Duality Between Strings and Fivebranes.- Review Lectures.- Theoretical Implications of Precision Electroweak Data.- Novel Neutrino Physics.- A Solution to the Time Varying Solar Neutrino Problem.- Searching for the Higgs Boson at a Photon-Photon Collider.- Experimental Physics at the Highest Energy (in this Century!).- The Future of High Energy Physics.- The SSC Project and Experimental Program.- Maximizing the Luminosity of Eloisatron, a Hadron Supercollider at 100 TeV per Beam.- New Detectors for Supercolliders: LAA.- Closing Ceremony.- Prizes and Scholarships, etc.- Participants.

Radiation from spectral lines can be absorbed and re- emitted many times in atomic vapours before it reaches the boundaries of the container encasing the vapour. This effect is known as radiation trapping. It plays an important role practically everywhere where atomic vapours occur, e.g. in spectroscopy, in gas lasers, in atomic line filters, in the determination of atomic lifetimes, in measurements of atomic interaction potentials, and in electric discharge lamps. This book for the first time assembles all the information necessary for a treatment of practical problems, emphasizing both physical insights and mathematical methods. After an introduction that reviews resonance radiation and collisional processes in atomic vapours, physical effects and mathematical methods for various types of problems (e.g. with or without saturation, particle diffusion, reflecting cell walls, etc.) are explained in detail. The last part of the book describes the applications of these methods to a variety of practical problems like cross-section measurements or the design of discharge lamps.

Volume 3 of the 5-volume Quantum Nanochemistry presents the chemical reactivity throughout the molecular structure in general and chemical bonding in particular by introducing the bondons as the quantum bosonic particles of the chemical field, localization, from Huckel to Density Functional expositions, especially in relation to how chemical principles of electronegativity and chemical hardness decide the global chemical reactivity and interaction. The volume presents the fundamental and advanced concepts, principles, and models as well as their first and novel combinations and applications in quantum (physical) chemical theory of bonding, molecular reactivity, and aromaticity.

The book bridges the gap between a course on modern physics and an advanced formal treatise on nuclear physics. The treatment of topics is simple and direct. Physical ideas are given prominence and this has been done by informal discussions and many analogies. It starts with the tools of nuclear physics, both experimental and mathematical. The author has taken special care in treating the nuclear shell model throughout the analogy with atomic and molecular physics. It is a suitable text for any student who has been exposed to a college level course in modern physics and who has mathematical competence at the level of calculus and elementary vector analysis. An important feature of the book is that numerous illustrative examples have been given along with 200 neatly drawn figures and problem question sets.

This book is about several questions regarding how to describe the quantization of the current density in an antenna and about the nature of the quantum electromagnetic field produced by such a quantum current density. The second quantized current density can be built out of the Dirac field of electrons and positrons while the free electromagnetic or photon field is built out of solutions to the wave equation with coefficients being operators, namely the creation and annihilation operators of the photons. Note: T&F does not sell or distribute the Hardback in India, Pakistan, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka.

The aim of this book is to present review articles describing the latest theoretical and experimental developments in the field of cold atoms and molecules. Our hope is that this series will promote research by both highlighting recent breakthroughs and by outlining some of the most promising research directions in the field.

Interactions of Slow Electrons as a Function of State: Linking the Gaseous and the Condensed Phases of Matter; L.G. Christophorou. Ionization in Dilute and in Condensed Matter: Ionization of Atoms or Molecules by Radiation as a Function of Phase; W.F. Schmidt. Elementary Processes Induced in Clusters by Electrons and Photons: Clusters; E. Illenberger. Electron Motion in Gases and Liquids: Boltzmann Equation for Slow Electron Transport in Gases and Liquids; Y. Sakai. Electron Attachment in the Gaseous and the Condensed Phases of Matter: Electron Attachment to Molecules; E. Illenberger. Electron-Ion Recombination in Gases and Liquids: ElectronIon Recombination in Dense Molecular Media; Y. Hatano. Electron Transfer at Interfaces: Low Energy Electrons for the Investigation of Liquid Surfaces; H. Morgner. Applications: Physics of Noble Gas Xray Detectors; T.H.V.T. Dias. Summary of Discussion Panel: Theory; R. Schiller. 31 additional articles. Index.

All solids are composed of atoms or molecules and in order to explain their behavior, experiments and theories came forward. Simultaneously, many new materials were synthetically and systematically developed in the laboratories, properties of which needed to be understood before deploying them in various technologies. It is known that there is a strong correlation between structure and properties of materials. Therefore, experiments on solids involve understanding their structure with diffraction techniques using X-rays, electrons or neutrons. The materials may be in different forms like bulk solid, thin films or powders and need to be observed using microscopes. Finally the properties can be correlated to electronic structure which can be deciphered through various spectroscopy techniques. Magnetic measurements give the insight in to electron-electron correlation. The advantages and limitations of the techniques are also spelled out. In other words, this book takes into account the unaddressed needs of students and teachers associated with the experimental methods. Its relevance has increased manifold, as it addresses a wide scope of the topics in concise manner. Such as' improving signal-to-noise ratio, cryogenic methods, vacuum science, sources and detectors for electrons, photons (from infra-red to gamma rays), error analysis, statistical handling of data, etc. Please note: This title is co-published with Capital Publishers, New Delhi. Taylor & Francis does not sell or distribute the Hardback in India, Pakistan, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka.

This reference describes the role of various intermolecular and interparticle forces in determining the properties of simple systems such as gases, liquids and solids, with a special focus on more complex colloidal, polymeric and biological systems. The book provides a thorough foundation in theories and concepts of intermolecular forces, allowing researchers and students to recognize which forces are important in any particular system, as well as how to control these forces. This third edition is expanded into three sections and contains five new chapters over the previous edition.
. starts from the basics and builds up to more complex systems
. covers all aspects of intermolecular and interparticle forces both at the fundamental and applied levels
. multidisciplinary approach: bringing together and unifying phenomena from different fields
. This new edition has an expanded Part III and new chapters on non-equilibrium (dynamic) interactions, and tribology (friction forces)"

This is the solutions manual for many (particularly odd-numbered) end-of-chapter problems in Subatomic Physics, 3rd Edition by Henley and Garcia. The student who has worked on the problems will find the solutions presented here a useful check on answers and procedures.

This book provides a thorough account of the current status of achievements made in the area of soft X-Ray laser source development and of the increasingly diverse applications being demonstrated using such radiation sources. There is significant effort worldwide to develop very bright, short duration radiation sources in the X-Ray spectral region - driven by the multitude of potential applications in all branches of science. This book contains updates on several different approaches for comparative purposes but concentrates on developments in the area of laser-produced plasmas, whereby transient population inversion and gain between ion states is pumped by optical lasers interacting with pre-formed plasmas. Topics covered will include Laser-driven XRLs, Collisional XRLs, Recombination XRLs, Transient Inversion Collisional XRLs, Optical Field Ionization XRLs, Alternative XRL, pumping schemes Theory and simulations of XRL gain media and beam properties High order harmonic sources of XUV radiation, Free-electron lasers and other accelerator based X-Ray sources, X-Ray Laser drives, X-Ray optics and instrumentation Spectroscopy, and other diagnostics of laser media Applications of XRLs.

Over recent years electronic spectroscopy has developed significantly, with key applications in atmospheric chemistry, astrophysics and astrochemistry. High Resolution Electronic Spectroscopy of Small Molecules explores both theoretical and experimental approaches to understanding the electronic spectra of small molecules, and explains how this information translates to practice. Professors Geoffrey Duxbury and Alexander Alijah present the links between spectroscopy and photochemistry, and discuss theoretical treatments of the interaction between different electronic states. They provide a thorough discussion of experimental techniques, and explore practical applications. This book will be an indispensable reference for graduate students and researchers in physics and chemistry working on theoretical and practical aspects of electronic spectra, as well as atmospheric scientists, photochemists, kineticists and professional spectroscopists.

Progress in Optics, Volume 65: A Tribute to Emil Wolf, provides the latest release in a series that presents an overview of the state-of-the-art in optics research. In this update, readers will find timely chapters on Specular mirror interferometer, Maximum Likelihood Estimation in the Context of an Optical Measurement, Surface Plasmons, The Development of Coherence Theory, and much more.

Featuring chapters written by leading experts in magnetometry, this book provides comprehensive coverage of the principles, technology and diverse applications of optical magnetometry, from testing fundamental laws of nature to detecting biomagnetic fields and medical diagnostics. Readers will find a wealth of technical information, from antirelaxation-coating techniques, microfabrication and magnetic shielding to geomagnetic-field measurements, space magnetometry, detection of biomagnetic fields, detection of NMR and MRI signals and rotation sensing. The book includes an original survey of the history of optical magnetometry and a chapter on the commercial use of these technologies. The book is supported by extensive online material, containing historical overviews, derivations, sideline discussion, additional plots and tables, available at www.cambridge.org/9781107010352. As well as introducing graduate students to this field, the book is also a useful reference for researchers in atomic physics.

This book is designed for advanced undergraduate and graduate students in high energy heavy-ion physics. It is relevant for students who will work on topics being explored at RHIC and the LHC.
In the first part, the basic principles of these studies are covered including kinematics, cross sections (including the quark model and parton distribution functions), the geometry of nuclear collisions, thermodynamics, hydrodynamics and relevant aspects of lattice gauge theory at finite temperature.
The second part covers some more specific probes of heavy-ion collisions at these energies: high mass thermal dileptons, quarkonium and hadronization. The second part also serves as extended examples of concepts learned in the previous part. Both parts contain examples in the text as well as exercises at the end of each chapter.
- Designed for students and newcomers to the field
- Focuses on hard probes and QCD
- Covers all aspects of high energy heavy-ion physics
- Includes worked example problems and exercises

Authored by two of the most respected experts in the field of nuclear matter, this book provides an up-to-date account of developments in nuclear matter theory and a critical comparison of the existing theoretical approaches in the field. It provides information needed for researchers working with applications in a variety of research fields, ranging from nuclear physics to astrophysics and gravitational physics, and the computational techniques discussed in the book are relevant for the broader condensed matter and quantum fluids community. The first book to provide an up-to-date and comprehensive overview of nuclear matter theory Authored by two world-leading academics in this field Includes a description of the most advanced computational techniques and a discussion of state-of-the art applications, such as the study of gravitational-wave emission from neutron stars

The present book describes a large variety of different types of chain systems (nanowires), including shorter chains that are artificially produced for instance in break-junction experiments, chains synthesized as guests inside the channels of a host crystal, crystalline chain compounds, organic polymers (synthetic metals), and charge-transfer salts, thus covering an unusual wealth of systems. Both experimental and theoretical studies are discussed. Particular emphasis is put on illustrating the special phenomena that occur in such quasi-one-dimensional systems, and how theoretical and experimental efforts have been used in identifying those properties that are specific for truly one-dimensional systems from those of quasi-one-dimensional systems. Moreover, it is shown that metallic chains can be found in a large range of systems, but also that chains of metals not always are metallic.
- Gives a unifying description of very many different phenomena and systems
- High-Tc superconductors, conjugated polymers, gold nanowires, carbon nanotubes, chain compounds, and charge-transfer salts are all treated in one volume
- Illustrates the very broad range of quasi-one-dimensional systems

This book provides a classical physics-based explanation of quantum physics, including a full description of photon creation and annihilation, and successful working models of both photons and electrons. Classical field theory, known to fully describe macroscopic scale events, is shown to fully describe atomic scale events, including photon emission and annihilation. As such the book provides a 'top-down' unification of electromagnetic and quantum theories.

The Langevin and Generalised Langevin Approach To The Dynamics Of Atomic, Polymeric And Colloidal Systems is concerned with the description of aspects of the theory and use of so-called random processes to describe the properties of atomic, polymeric and colloidal systems in terms of the dynamics of the particles in the system. It provides derivations of the basic equations, the development of numerical schemes to solve them on computers and gives illustrations of application to typical systems.
Extensive appendices are given to enable the reader to carry out computations to illustrate many of the points made in the main body of the book.
* Starts from fundamental equations
* Gives up-to-date illustration of the application of these techniques to typical systems of interest
* Contains extensive appendices including derivations, equations to be used in practice and elementary computer codes

New Edition: Facts and Mysteries in Elementary Particle Physics (Revised Edition)This book provides a comprehensive overview of modern particle physics accessible to anyone with a true passion for wanting to know how the universe works. We are introduced to the known particles of the world we live in. An elegant explanation of quantum mechanics and relativity paves the way for an understanding of the laws that govern particle physics. These laws are put into action in the world of accelerators, colliders and detectors found at institutions such as CERN and Fermilab that are in the forefront of technical innovation. Real world and theory meet using Feynman diagrams to solve the problems of infinities and deduce the need for the Higgs boson.Facts and Mysteries in Elementary Particle Physics offers an incredible insight from an eyewitness and participant in some of the greatest discoveries in 20th century science. From Einstein's theory of relativity to the elusive Higgs particle, this book will fascinate and educate anyone interested in the world of quarks, leptons and gauge theories.This book also contains many thumbnail sketches of particle physics personalities, including contemporaries as seen through the eyes of the author. Illustrated with pictures, these candid sketches present rare, perceptive views of the characters that populate the field.The Chapter on Particle Theory, in a pre-publication, was termed "superbly lucid" by David Miller in Nature (Vol. 396, 17 Dec. 1998, p. 642).

One of the aims of this book was to focus the attention of specialists to the diversity of the effects of the ionising radiation on biological and physical systems. Special emphasis has been placed on the exquisite complexities/differences introduced by high ionisation density versus low ionisation density irradiation in both biological and physical systems (Scholz - Chapter 1, Horowitz - Chapter 2, Olko - Chapter 3). As well we wanted to point out the need for novel experimental and theoretical approaches required to advance the important fields of micro and nanodosimetry. Important first steps have already been taken, for example, the accelerated application of semiconductor detectors in their various forms to microdosimetry and as well to practical, important applications in the radiation dosimetry of oncological procedures (Rosenfeld - Chapter 6). The vast number of applications of TLD to radiation dosimetry are not neglected; a special chapter is devoted to the application of TLDs to medical dosimetry applications (Mobit and Kron - Chapter 7) as well as a tutorial approach in an additional chapter to the cavity theories required to extrapolate dose from the detector medium to the tissue medium (Mobit and Sandison - Chapter 5). One of the major features of this book is the intensive, in depth, coverage of the theory and modelling of TL both from the solid state physics point of view (Chen - Chapter 4) and the microdosimetic point of view (Horowitz - Chapter 2 and Olko - Chapter 3). The many puzzling, quaint, quizzical features of TL science can now be understood in the framework of these advanced theoretical models, explained in straightforward, understandable terms.
-Quantifies/unifies the effects of ionising radiation in both the biological and physical systems
- Authoritative treatment of applications of semiconductor detectors and thermoluminescence dosemeters in medica l radiation dosimetry
- Basic and advanced aspects of microdosimetry applied to both biological and physical systems
- In-depth review of the effects of the density of ionising radiation in tsl and osl
- Concise and elegant treatment of cavity theory in medical oncological dosimetry
- Comprehensive review of this important interdisciplinary field including hundreds of ilustrations and references