Combination Drug Delivery Approach as an Effective Therapy for Various Diseases explores the use of bioengineering tools in combination drug delivery approaches to control various diseases at different clinical stages of synergistic action, varying mechanisms of action, and during the suppression of drug resistance. The book presents fundamental knowledge on the experiential and experimental aspects of drug combination approaches in order to equip rational applications in preventing the emergence of resistance during the treatment of various diseases. It provides a holistic understanding of the principles behind formation, characterization, applications, regulations, toxicity, challenges and future perspectives of combination drug delivery approaches. It will be of interest to researchers and advanced graduate students in pharmaceutical science, chemistry, biology and medicine, as well as pharmaceutical companies and scientific organizations.

Techno-economics and Life Cycle Assessment of Bioreactors: Post-Covid19 Waste Management Approach covers the emerging trends in bioreactor research, including techno-economics and life cycle assessment perspectives, both key considerations in making the anaerobic-digestion process technically feasible, economically viable and environmentally sustainable. The book is divided into three sections, with an introductory chapter on the impact of COVID-19 on existing practices of waste and resource management. Sections cover advances in bioreactor development for enhanced valorization of waste, the techno-economics of the different bioreactor systems, the life cycle assessment of bioreactors, their methodological challenges and future perspectives. Providing a holistic overview of bioreactors and taking into account recent trends in their design, the chapters also highlight the advances needed to manage COVID-19 waste in a sustainable manner. With contributions from leading experts in bioreactor and life cycle assessment, this book will be an invaluable reference source for academics working on anaerobic digesters and energy sustainability, as well as for research and development professionals in the renewable energy industry, and scientists and engineers working on clean and efficient energy generation from wastes.

Innovations in Fermentation and Phytopharmaceutical Technologies discusses recent advancements in the field of different bioprocessing aspects for the development of different reactors, fermented products and phytopharmaceuticals. Written by leading experts in the field, the book presents the basic principles of upstream processing techniques, advanced downstream process technologies, and recycling of by-products during formation/production of various fermented and phytopharmaceutical products. The informative chapters in the book outline an application-oriented path for academicians, researchers and scientists in the field of industrial fermentation technology and phytopharmaceutical production.

Immunomodulatory Effects of Nanomaterials: Assessment and Analysis provides an overview of the modulatory impact of nanomaterials on the immune system, as well as evaluative and analytical methods for assessing effects. Sections cover a range of common nanomaterials for biomedical use and how different properties can elicit varied responses from the immune system. The immunomodulatory effects of these materials are then discussed, with coverage on adverse and/or toxic effects on the immune system, as well as desired modulatory effects to improve efficacy of applied therapeutics. Readers will also learn about the best evaluation methods for immunomodulatory effects of nanomaterials and associated risks. This book is a useful reference for academics and researchers with an interest in immunology, but it is also idea for those working in the fields of materials science, biomedical engineering, pharmaceutical science, immunology and toxicology.

Biomaterials for Angiogenesis and Vasculogenesis covers the application of materials designed to encourage new blood vessel formation. Angiogenesis and vasculogenesis play an important role in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine research by promoting vascular networks inside engineered tissues and thereby increasing tissue healing and regeneration. However, researchers are faced with the challenge of finding suitable materials for improving angiogenesis and vascular formation in assays. This book reviews a broad range of biomaterials for the promotion of blood vessel genesis, from polymers and bioactive glass, to nanomaterial scaffolds and 3D angiogenic constructs. In addition, the book covers a variety of applications for biomaterials in tissue repair and regeneration, including cardiovascular regeneration, liver tissue engineering and much more. It will serve as a detailed reference for researchers in academia and industry, working in the fields of biomedical science and engineering, materials science, regenerative medicine and translational medicine.

Biomass, Biofuels, Biochemicals: Circular Bioeconomy: Technologies for Biofuels and Biochemicals provides comprehensive information on strategies and approaches that facilitate the integration of technologies for the production of bio-based fuels, chemicals and other value-added products from wastes with waste biorefinery concepts and green strategies. The book also covers lifecycle assessment and techno-economic analyses of integrated biorefineries within a circular bioeconomy framework. As there has been continual research on new designs in production and consumerist approaches as we move towards sustainable development by scientists of various disciplines, law makers, environmental activists and industrialists, this book provides the latest details. Resources consumption and environment degradation necessitates a transition of our linear economy towards sustainable social and technical systems. As fossil resources are only projected to fulfill the needs of the population for the next couple of centuries, new tactics and standards must be created to ensure future success.

Value Addition in Food Products and Processing using Enzyme Technology offers an updated review regarding the potential impact of new enzymes and enzyme technology on the food sector. The book brings together novel sources and technologies regarding enzymes in value added food development, food production, food processing, food preservation, food engineering and food biotechnology. It will be extremely useful for different types of readers, including food scientists, academic and food biotechnologists, but will also be ideal for students studying food-related courses. This book includes concise and up-to-date research information from multiple independent scientific papers from around the world. This is a essential, multidisciplinary text for research and development professionals, research scientists, and academics in food, biotechnology, and agriculture industries. It addresses safety issues and includes the sources, screening, immobilization and application of food-grade enzymes in food.

New Paradigms in Environmental Biomonitoring Using Plants highlights and explores the importance of biomonitoring methodologies and the latest updates in the field. The book presents a holistic approach toward the different aspects of biomonitoring, focusing mainly upon the inclusion of newly emerging concepts of environmental genomics, metabarcoding, and cheminformatics and biomarkers, among other technologies; helping to explore and establish a new outlook for biomonitoring frameworks. This book compiles all aspects of biomonitoring including traditional and modern techniques, using a multidimensional approach without focusing on any specific pollutant. Most biomonitoring programs implemented until now have focused more on traditional methods. This book covers new approaches to biomonitoring that could improve on the currently limited capabilities of existing schemes. The book highlights the possible scope for enriching existing datasets and characterizing biodiversity in situ in a far more complete way than has been possible previously. New Paradigms in Environmental Biomonitoring Using Plants will be important for researchers, academics, postgraduates and undergraduate students in environmental, plant, crop and soil sciences, to provide up-to-date and emerging technologies in biomonitoring for environmental assessment, leading to a new vision of biomonitoring. It will also be helpful for risk assessment professionals and stakeholders involved in planning the future biomonitoring programs.

Targeted Cancer Imaging: Design and Synthesis of Nanoplatforms based on Tumour Biology reviews and categorizes imaging and targeting approaches according to cancer type, highlighting new and safe approaches that involve membrane-coated nanoparticles, tumor cell-derived extracellular vesicles, circulating tumor cells, cell-free DNAs, and cancer stem cells, all with the goal of pointing the way to developing precise targeting and multifunctional nanotechnology-based imaging probes in the future. This book is highly multidisciplinary, bridging the knowledge gap between tumor biology, nanotechnology, and diagnostic imaging, and thus making it suitable for researchers ranging from oncology to bioengineering. Although considerable efforts have been conducted to diagnose, improve and treat cancer in the past few decades, existing therapeutic options are insufficient, as mortality and morbidity rates remain high. One of the best hopes for substantial improvement lies in early detection. Recent advances in nanotechnology are expected to increase our current understanding of tumor biology, allowing nanomaterials to be used for targeting and imaging both in vitro and in vivo experimental models.

Sustainable Energy, Towards a Zero-Carbon Economy Using Chemistry, Electrochemistry and Catalysis provides the reader with a clear outline of some of the strategies, particularly those based on various chemical approaches, that have been put forward with the aim of reducing greenhouse gas emissions in order to achieve "zero carbon" by 2050. The author describes the chemistry of some of the processes involved, paying particular attention to those that involve heterogeneous catalytic steps and electrolysis methods. In cases in which the technology is already established, details are given of the reactor systems used. He discusses novel developments in the areas of transport, the production of essential products using renewable energy and the uses of sustainable biomass.

A-Z of Biorefinery: A Comprehensive View provides a comprehensive book that highlights and illustrates important topics relating to biorefineries, including associated theory, current and future research trends, available techniques and future challenges. This book will benefit a wide range of audiences, including students, engineers, scientists, practitioners, and those who are keen to explore more on biorefinery. Sections cover the availability of current technologies, constraints, market trends, recent system developments, and the concepts that enable modern biorefineries to utilize all kinds of biomass. This book is an essential resource for students, scientists, engineers and practitioners working in industry and academia.

3D Bioprinting and Nanotechnology in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Second Edition provides an in-depth introduction to bioprinting and nanotechnology and their industrial applications. Sections cover 4D Printing Smart Multi-responsive Structure, Cells for Bioprinting, 4D Printing Biomaterials, 3D/4D printing functional biomedical devices, 3D Printing for Cardiac and Heart Regeneration, Integrating 3D printing with Ultrasound for Musculoskeletal Regeneration, 3D Printing for Liver Regeneration, 3D Printing for Cancer Studies, 4D Printing Soft Bio-robots, Clinical Translation and Future Directions. The book's team of expert contributors have pooled their expertise in order to provide a summary of the suitability, sustainability and limitations of each technique for each specific application. The increasing availability and decreasing costs of nanotechnologies and 3D printing technologies are driving their use to meet medical needs. This book provides an overview of these technologies and their integration.

Lactic Acid Bacteria in Food Biotechnology: Innovations and Functional Aspects describes the latest advancements in LAB applications in the development of functional foods and fermented foods, biotechnological products using LAB, i.e., bio chemicals (organic acids, bacteriocins, etc.), bioactive and functional biomolecules, comparative genomics of probiotic LAB, and genetically modified LAB in food industry. Bridging the gap between LAB-mediated fermented foods and bioactive compounds, vis-a-vis molecular aspects, this book enables the transition from research to application. The book details applications of LAB in fermented/functional foods including cereals, vegetables, fish, meat cheese, other dairy products, and much more. Other sections cover their biochemistry and biotechnology aspects, bio preservation by bio molecules produced by LAB, bioactive metabolites and biosurfactants, including their value in health and wellness and exploring the genomics of LAB from food to health. Finally, the book addresses genetically modified lactic acid bacteria in food and beverages.

Designer Microbial Cell Factories: Metabolic Engineering and Applications, the latest release in the Current Developments in Biotechnology and Bioengineering series, provides a detailed overview of the biotechnological approaches and strategies used to generate engineered microbes and to facilitate the acceleration, modulation and diversion of metabolic pathways to get desired output such as production of value-added compound or biodegradation of xenobiotic pollutant. The book also highlights applied aspects of designer microbes in fields as diverse as agriculture, pharmaceuticals and bioremediation. Designer microbes generated through reprogramming the microbial cell factories (MCFs) provide an edge over their natural counterparts in terms of increased molecular diversity and selective chemistry. These bugs are becoming instrumental in several areas, including agriculture, environment and human health. Engineering microbes through directed evolution not only gives freedom from evolutionary constrains but also allow introduction of regulated and foreseeable functions into MCFs.

Musculoskeletal Tissue Engineering introduces the fundamental concepts and translational applications of musculoskeletal tissue engineering, in combination with emerging technologies and materials. Sections discuss Tissues and Technologies, covering a range of musculoskeletal tissues, including bone, cartilage, ligament and more. Each chapter in this section details core tissue engineering principles specific to each tissue type. Next, a Technologies section looks at the range of biomaterials used in musculoskeletal tissue engineering, focusing on biocompatibility of materials and interactions at the material-tissue interface. Other chapters cover nanotechnology, 3D printing, gene therapy, tissue chips, and more. This book offers an advanced reference text for researchers in biomedical engineering, materials science and regenerative medicine.

Microneedles explores the design, fabrication and use of microneedles for drug and vaccine delivery. This book discusses the contemporary status of the field, describing several areas in detail, including the distinct types of microneedles (dissolving, solid, coted, hollow and hydrogel-forming). The anatomy of the eye is also described to facilitate an understanding of microneedle-assisted ocular drug delivery. Finally, the book provides a detailed discussion of microneedle use in the field of diagnostics, with a chapter dedicated to the mathematical modeling of microneedle-mediated drug delivery. As microneedles can be used by research scientists in academia and in industry, this book will be ideal for regulatory scientists and graduate students who find the topic relevant to their area of study.

Agricultural Nanobiotechnology: Biogenic Nanoparticles, Nanofertilizers and Nanoscale Biocontrol Agents presents the most up-to-date advances in nanotechnology to improve the agriculture and food industry with novel nanotools for the controlling of rapid disease diagnostic and enhancement of the capacity of plants to absorb nutrients and resist environmental challenges. Highlighting the emerging nanofertilizers, nanopesticides and nanoherbicides that are being widely explored in order to overcome the limitations of conventional agricultural supplements, the book provides important insights to enable smart, knowledge-driven selection of nanoscale agricultural biomaterials, coupled with suitable delivery approaches and formulations will lead to promising agricultural innovation using nanotechnology. Agricultural Nanobiotechnology: Biogenic Nanoparticles, Nanofertilizers and Nanoscale Biocontrol Agents explores emerging innovations in nanobiotechnology for agriculture, food, and natural resources to address the challenges of food security, sustainability, susceptibility, human health, and healthy life. The book is ideal for the multidisciplinary scientists whose goal is to see the use of nanomaterials in agriculture to reduce the amount of spread chemicals, minimize nutrient losses in fertilization and to generate increased yield through pest and nutrient management.

Hybrid Nanomaterials for Drug Delivery covers a broad range of hybrid nanomaterials and nanocomposites used in drug delivery systems. The book reviews a variety of hybrid nanomaterials and structures, including polymer-lipid, chitosan-based, protein-inorganic, quantum dot hybrids, and more. The strengths, limitations and regulatory aspects of hybrid drug delivery systems are also discussed, allowing readers to make informed decisions when choosing to utilize hybrid nanomaterials. Users will find this to be an exciting and comprehensive look into this emerging area. It will be of particular interest to academics and researchers working in materials science, engineering, biomedical engineering, nanotechnology and pharmaceutical science. Multi nanocarrier-based hybrid systems are an emerging concept in the field of drug delivery that allow researchers to avoid some of the challenges faced when administering drugs, such as low bioavailability, development of drug resistance, toxicities, premature drug release, and therapeutic efficacy.

Tissue Engineering Using Ceramics and Polymers, Third Edition is a valuable reference tool for both academic researchers and scientists involved in biomaterials or tissue engineering, including the areas of bone and soft-tissue reconstruction, repair and organ regeneration. With its distinguished editors and international team of contributors, this book reviews the latest research and advances in this thriving area and how they can be used to develop treatments for disease states. New sections cover nanobiomaterials, drug delivery, advanced imaging and MRI for tissue engineering, and characterization of vascularized scaffolds. Technology and research in the field of tissue engineering has drastically increased within the last few years to the extent that almost every tissue and organ of the human body could potentially be regenerated with the aid of biomaterials.